Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25518/0037-9565.11072
Benjamin Jentgen-Ceschino
Les îles ont toujours fasciné les scientifiques depuis leur vaste exploration et documentation. Elles reçurent même le titre de « laboratoire naturel » au vu de la réplication des expériences évolutives qu’elles permettent, tant par leur nombre que leur condition simplifiée comparés au continent. Malheureusement, aussi idylliques puissent-elles apparaître, les îles enregistrent des pertes de biodiversité majeures liées à l’activité anthropique depuis l’Holocène, défigurant les processus évolutifs qui y avaient cours auparavant. Dès lors, l’étude des espèces insulaires éteintes, dites « paléoinsulaires », devient incontournable afin de reconstituer les cadres évolutifs caractérisant ces environnements isolés. Pour ce faire, la paléohistologie osseuse est un outil de choix pour accéder aux archives paléobiologiques conservées au sein du tissu osseux et révéler les trajectoires évolutives amenant à l’apparition des curiosités biologiques qui peuplent les îles. Cet article porte un regard particulier sur les nains et géants insulaires avec un cas d’étude traitant des sauropodes nains de l’archipel européen du Crétacé supérieur, ceci afin de dégager des retombées scientifiques valorisables pour retracer les mondes passés, augmenter les champs de la connaissance du présent, et adopter des stratégies de conservation pour le futur.
{"title":"From bone palaeohistology to insularity: the palaeobiological archive as a witness to insular evolution","authors":"Benjamin Jentgen-Ceschino","doi":"10.25518/0037-9565.11072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/0037-9565.11072","url":null,"abstract":"Les îles ont toujours fasciné les scientifiques depuis leur vaste exploration et documentation. Elles reçurent même le titre de « laboratoire naturel » au vu de la réplication des expériences évolutives qu’elles permettent, tant par leur nombre que leur condition simplifiée comparés au continent. Malheureusement, aussi idylliques puissent-elles apparaître, les îles enregistrent des pertes de biodiversité majeures liées à l’activité anthropique depuis l’Holocène, défigurant les processus évolutifs qui y avaient cours auparavant. Dès lors, l’étude des espèces insulaires éteintes, dites « paléoinsulaires », devient incontournable afin de reconstituer les cadres évolutifs caractérisant ces environnements isolés. Pour ce faire, la paléohistologie osseuse est un outil de choix pour accéder aux archives paléobiologiques conservées au sein du tissu osseux et révéler les trajectoires évolutives amenant à l’apparition des curiosités biologiques qui peuplent les îles. Cet article porte un regard particulier sur les nains et géants insulaires avec un cas d’étude traitant des sauropodes nains de l’archipel européen du Crétacé supérieur, ceci afin de dégager des retombées scientifiques valorisables pour retracer les mondes passés, augmenter les champs de la connaissance du présent, et adopter des stratégies de conservation pour le futur.","PeriodicalId":35838,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69210906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Dethinne, Quentin Glaude, C. Amory, C. Kittel, Xavier Fettweis
Antarctica is the largest potential contributor to sea-level rise and needs to be monitored. It is also one of the first victims of global warming. However, it is often difficult to obtain high-resolution data on this vast and distant continent. Thanks to the Copernicus space program providing free and open access to high-quality data, this paper aims to show the complementarity between Sentinel-1 images and Modèle Atmosphérique régional (MAR) data over Antarctica. This study is conducted over Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf. The complementarity between the two datasets is established by a quantitative, temporal, and spatial comparison of the amplitude information of the radar signal and several variables modelled by MAR. Comparisons show strong spatial correlations between MAR variables representing melt and the backscatter coefficient recorded by the satellite. While temporal and quantitative analyses also give impressive results, further investigations are required to explain contrasting behaviors in other different areas of the ice shelf.
{"title":"COMPARAISON ENTRE LA FONTE DE SURFACE ESTIMÉE PAR LE RADAR À SYNTHÈSE D’OUVERTURE SENTINEL-1 ET UN MODÈLE CLIMATIQUE RÉGIONAL. CAS D’ÉTUDE SUR LA PLATEFORME DE GLACE DU ROI BAUDOUIN, EN ANTARCTIQUE DE L’EST","authors":"Thomas Dethinne, Quentin Glaude, C. Amory, C. Kittel, Xavier Fettweis","doi":"10.25518/0770-7576.6644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/0770-7576.6644","url":null,"abstract":"Antarctica is the largest potential contributor to sea-level rise and needs to be monitored. It is also one of the first victims of global warming. However, it is often difficult to obtain high-resolution data on this vast and distant continent. Thanks to the Copernicus space program providing free and open access to high-quality data, this paper aims to show the complementarity between Sentinel-1 images and Modèle Atmosphérique régional (MAR) data over Antarctica. This study is conducted over Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf. The complementarity between the two datasets is established by a quantitative, temporal, and spatial comparison of the amplitude information of the radar signal and several variables modelled by MAR. Comparisons show strong spatial correlations between MAR variables representing melt and the backscatter coefficient recorded by the satellite. While temporal and quantitative analyses also give impressive results, further investigations are required to explain contrasting behaviors in other different areas of the ice shelf.","PeriodicalId":35838,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90447119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25518/0037-9565.10993
Wendy H. Müller
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the study of small molecules (e.g. metabolites, lipids, drugs) as they play important roles in various research areas, including biomedicine, biotechnology, environmental science and drug discovery. Mass spectrometry (MS) has become a predominant technology to analyze these low molecular weight compounds. However, the analysis of small molecules by the established matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS technique can be difficult because of the interference generated by the matrix in the low m/z range. Therefore, new innovating ionization techniques that do not require an organic matrix have been developed. Among these alternatives is surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) MS, which relies on nanostructured surfaces to promote the desorption/ionization process. Yet, the implementation of this novel ionization technique introduces new challenges, which include the understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that govern the SALDI process, and the optimization of the experimental factors. In particular, the design and optimization of the assisting nanosubstrates are not straightforward, because of the wide range of available nanomaterials (in terms of chemical nature and morphology), characterized by different properties, which impact the performance of the SALDI MS experiments. Thus, it is essential to find a model to compare the capabilities of the SALDI nanosubstrates, in order to optimize their characteristics based on the same reference. In this context, thermometer ions have been used as reference compounds to test novel instrumentation, new methodologies, or to tune instruments. In this article, we review the study of thermometer ions in SALDI MS, which have enabled to rationalize the effect of the experimental factors (i.e. the nanosubstrate morphology and chemical nature, and the instrumental settings) on the performance of SALDI MS experiments. These studies allow the rational design of optimized nanosubstrates for advanced applications, such as SALDI MS imaging, which will be discussed at the end of this article.
{"title":"Optimisation de la spectrométrie de masse par désorption/ionisation laser assistée par surface : la quête du Saint Graal basée sur l'étude des ions thermomètres.","authors":"Wendy H. Müller","doi":"10.25518/0037-9565.10993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/0037-9565.10993","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the study of small molecules (e.g. metabolites, lipids, drugs) as they play important roles in various research areas, including biomedicine, biotechnology, environmental science and drug discovery. Mass spectrometry (MS) has become a predominant technology to analyze these low molecular weight compounds. However, the analysis of small molecules by the established matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS technique can be difficult because of the interference generated by the matrix in the low m/z range. Therefore, new innovating ionization techniques that do not require an organic matrix have been developed. Among these alternatives is surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) MS, which relies on nanostructured surfaces to promote the desorption/ionization process. Yet, the implementation of this novel ionization technique introduces new challenges, which include the understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that govern the SALDI process, and the optimization of the experimental factors. In particular, the design and optimization of the assisting nanosubstrates are not straightforward, because of the wide range of available nanomaterials (in terms of chemical nature and morphology), characterized by different properties, which impact the performance of the SALDI MS experiments. Thus, it is essential to find a model to compare the capabilities of the SALDI nanosubstrates, in order to optimize their characteristics based on the same reference. In this context, thermometer ions have been used as reference compounds to test novel instrumentation, new methodologies, or to tune instruments. In this article, we review the study of thermometer ions in SALDI MS, which have enabled to rationalize the effect of the experimental factors (i.e. the nanosubstrate morphology and chemical nature, and the instrumental settings) on the performance of SALDI MS experiments. These studies allow the rational design of optimized nanosubstrates for advanced applications, such as SALDI MS imaging, which will be discussed at the end of this article.","PeriodicalId":35838,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege","volume":"417 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69210751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Itineraries of geographers. From geomorphology to geomatics","authors":"J. Donnay, R. Billen","doi":"10.25518/0770-7576.6708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/0770-7576.6708","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35838,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85572568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Kittel, Xavier Fettweis, G. Picard, N. Gourmelen
Surface melt over the Antarctic ice shelves is one of the largest uncertainties related to sea level rise over the 21st century. However, current climate models still struggle to accurately represent it, limiting our comprehension of processes driving melt spatial and temporal variability and its consequences on the stability of the Antarctic ice sheet. Recent advances in Earth monitoring thanks to satellites have enabled new estimations of Antarctic melt extent. They can detect if and where melt occurs, while the amount of meltwater produced can only be deduced from model simulations. In order to combine advantages of both tools, we present new melt estimates based on a regional climate model assimilating the satellite-derived melt extent. This improves the comparison between model and satellite estimates paving the way for a re-estimation of the amount of melt produced each year on the surface of the entire Antarctic ice sheet.
{"title":"L'assimilation de la fonte détectée par les satellites augmente la fonte simulée par MAR sur le secteur d'Amundsen (Antarctique de l’Ouest)","authors":"C. Kittel, Xavier Fettweis, G. Picard, N. Gourmelen","doi":"10.25518/0770-7576.6616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/0770-7576.6616","url":null,"abstract":"Surface melt over the Antarctic ice shelves is one of the largest uncertainties related to sea level rise over the 21st century. However, current climate models still struggle to accurately represent it, limiting our comprehension of processes driving melt spatial and temporal variability and its consequences on the stability of the Antarctic ice sheet. Recent advances in Earth monitoring thanks to satellites have enabled new estimations of Antarctic melt extent. They can detect if and where melt occurs, while the amount of meltwater produced can only be deduced from model simulations. In order to combine advantages of both tools, we present new melt estimates based on a regional climate model assimilating the satellite-derived melt extent. This improves the comparison between model and satellite estimates paving the way for a re-estimation of the amount of melt produced each year on the surface of the entire Antarctic ice sheet.","PeriodicalId":35838,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80274677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper provides an overview of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing concepts. SAR remote sensing is a coherent active imaging technique, where the spaceborne sensor emits an electromagnetic wave and captures its backscattered signal. Each pixel contains amplitude information, witness of the ground properties to reflect the signal back to the sensor, and a phase component, which is related to the distance from the sensor to the ground target. Firstly, we will focus on SAR and SAR interferometry concepts. The acquisition geometry, the different wavelengths, the issue of spatial resolution, the polarization; SAR has a number of differences compared to optical remote sensing. In addition, the coherent imaging technique allows the exploitation of the phase information, with applications such as DEM generation or surface displacements retrieval. In a second part, we will discuss the current and future SAR constellations as well as recent advances in applications coming from the deep learning field. The domain of SAR remote sensing is a rapidly evolving field, where more and more satellites are being set up and where the private sector is investing massively. Service-oriented market using small X-Band SAR satellites is getting more and more present. In parallel, public institutions already have several important SAR satellites and are currently preparing the next generation, with improved technical specifications.
{"title":"Missions actuelles en télédétection par radar à synthèse d’ouverture, et applications","authors":"Quentin Glaude, A. Orban","doi":"10.25518/0770-7576.6626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/0770-7576.6626","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper provides an overview of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing concepts. SAR remote sensing is a coherent active imaging technique, where the spaceborne sensor emits an electromagnetic wave and captures its backscattered signal. Each pixel contains amplitude information, witness of the ground properties to reflect the signal back to the sensor, and a phase component, which is related to the distance from the sensor to the ground target. Firstly, we will focus on SAR and SAR interferometry concepts. The acquisition geometry, the different wavelengths, the issue of spatial resolution, the polarization; SAR has a number of differences compared to optical remote sensing. In addition, the coherent imaging technique allows the exploitation of the phase information, with applications such as DEM generation or surface displacements retrieval. In a second part, we will discuss the current and future SAR constellations as well as recent advances in applications coming from the deep learning field. The domain of SAR remote sensing is a rapidly evolving field, where more and more satellites are being set up and where the private sector is investing massively. Service-oriented market using small X-Band SAR satellites is getting more and more present. In parallel, public institutions already have several important SAR satellites and are currently preparing the next generation, with improved technical specifications.","PeriodicalId":35838,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88402256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rasmus P. Meyer, Mikkel G. Søgaard, Mathias P. Schødt, Stéphanie Horion, Alexander V. Prishchepov
Timely inputs for spatial planning are essential to support decisions about preventive or damage controlling measures, including flood. Climate change predictions suggest more frequent floods in the future, implying a need for flood mapping. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the suitability of Sentinel-1 SAR data to map the extent of flood and to explore how land cover classification through different machine learning techniques and optical Sentinel-2 imagery can be applied as an emergency mapping tool. The Australian floods in March 2021 were used as a case study. Google Earth Engine was used to process and classify the flood extent and affected land cover types. Our study revealed the great suitability of Sentinel-1 SAR data for emergency mapping of flooded areas. Furthermore, land cover maps were produced using random forest (RD) and support vector machines (SVM) on optical Sentinel-2 Imagery. The presented workflow can be implemented in other parts of the world for the rapid assessment of flooded areas.
{"title":"CARTOGRAPHIE D’URGENCE DES INONDATIONS EN AUSTRALIE À PARTIR D’IMAGES SATELLITAIRES SENTINEL-1 ET SENTINEL-2","authors":"Rasmus P. Meyer, Mikkel G. Søgaard, Mathias P. Schødt, Stéphanie Horion, Alexander V. Prishchepov","doi":"10.25518/0770-7576.6653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/0770-7576.6653","url":null,"abstract":"Timely inputs for spatial planning are essential to support decisions about preventive or damage controlling measures, including flood. Climate change predictions suggest more frequent floods in the future, implying a need for flood mapping. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the suitability of Sentinel-1 SAR data to map the extent of flood and to explore how land cover classification through different machine learning techniques and optical Sentinel-2 imagery can be applied as an emergency mapping tool. The Australian floods in March 2021 were used as a case study. Google Earth Engine was used to process and classify the flood extent and affected land cover types. Our study revealed the great suitability of Sentinel-1 SAR data for emergency mapping of flooded areas. Furthermore, land cover maps were produced using random forest (RD) and support vector machines (SVM) on optical Sentinel-2 Imagery. The presented workflow can be implemented in other parts of the world for the rapid assessment of flooded areas.","PeriodicalId":35838,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege","volume":"267 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76278007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25518/0037-9565.11089
É. Juvigné, Geoffrey Houbrechts, Jean Van Campenhout
Les lambeaux des hautes terrasses de la Basse-Meuse liégeoise ont été raccordés essentiellement en fonction de l’altitude de leur base dans tous les travaux antérieurs. Toutefois, ce critère n’a jamais fait l’objet que d’estimations qui se sont transmises d’auteur en auteur avec des adaptations mineures depuis le modèle de Briquet (1907). Dans le présent travail, pour tous les lambeaux existants, des précisions sont apportées sur l’altitude de la base et du sommet du cailloutis, et des études sédimentologiques ont été réalisées. Le présent article est limité à la présentation des données et à la façon dont elles ont été obtenues. Un second article est associé dans lequel un modèle, différent des précédents, est argumenté et discuté.
{"title":"De la Basse-Meuse primitive jusqu’à l’abandon de la vallée de la Meuse orientale - Première partie : généralités et résultats","authors":"É. Juvigné, Geoffrey Houbrechts, Jean Van Campenhout","doi":"10.25518/0037-9565.11089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/0037-9565.11089","url":null,"abstract":"Les lambeaux des hautes terrasses de la Basse-Meuse liégeoise ont été raccordés essentiellement en fonction de l’altitude de leur base dans tous les travaux antérieurs. Toutefois, ce critère n’a jamais fait l’objet que d’estimations qui se sont transmises d’auteur en auteur avec des adaptations mineures depuis le modèle de Briquet (1907). Dans le présent travail, pour tous les lambeaux existants, des précisions sont apportées sur l’altitude de la base et du sommet du cailloutis, et des études sédimentologiques ont été réalisées. Le présent article est limité à la présentation des données et à la façon dont elles ont été obtenues. Un second article est associé dans lequel un modèle, différent des précédents, est argumenté et discuté.","PeriodicalId":35838,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69210974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25518/0037-9565.10907
Raghda Saad, Ali Kallas, Jocelyne Adjizian Gérard, P. Gerard
Coastal erosion and accretion are short-term and long-term processes that may cause changes in shoreline and beach profiles. Monitoring beach profile is important to figure out the factors that are responsible for these changes so it helps the stakeholders in planning sustainable beach management that plays a vital role in achieving Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). For this reason, a beach survey was conducted at the study area to monitor and determine the factors that led to erosion and accretion on beach profile. DEM (Digital Elevation Model) helped on comparing between the elevations of ground control points through four seasons of the survey, which compensated: November 2020, December 2020, February 2021, April 2021 and July 2021. The used methodology of using GPS (Global Positioning System) depended on stop and go methodology within the two locations in the study area: site A (Jal El Bahr north of Tyre) and site B (Bahr Slaiyeb south of Tyre). GIS (Geographic Information System) is another tool that was used to have LC (land cover) map. Meteorological data was extracted from Saksakye weather station north of Tyre. Results of beach survey indicated that the two study areas were exposed to change on profile through the study period especially at Bahr Slaiyeb. These changes in the two study areas are a result of anthropogenic pressure (grooming and cleaning, grazing, human trampling, construction, etc..), vegetation cover and meteorological factors (wind speed, wind direction and precipitation). This database could be used to support in outlining the baseline of strategic beach monitoring and ICZM.
海岸侵蚀和海岸增生是短期和长期的过程，可能导致海岸线和海滩轮廓的变化。监测海滩的概况对找出造成这些变化的因素非常重要，因此它有助于利益相关者规划可持续的海滩管理，这在实现海岸区综合管理(ICZM)中起着至关重要的作用。为此，我们在研究区进行了一次海滩调查，以监测和确定导致海滩剖面侵蚀和增生的因素。DEM(数字高程模型)通过四个季节的调查帮助比较地面控制点的高程，补偿:2020年11月，2020年12月，2021年2月，2021年4月和2021年7月。使用GPS(全球定位系统)的方法取决于研究区域内两个地点的走走停停方法:地点A(提尔北部的Jal El Bahr)和地点B(提尔南部的Bahr Slaiyeb)。GIS(地理信息系统)是另一种工具，被用来有LC(土地覆盖)地图。气象资料取自提尔以北的Saksakye气象站。滩涂调查结果表明，两个研究区在研究期间均发生了剖面变化，其中以斯拉耶布湾最为明显。这两个研究区的变化是人为压力(梳理清洁、放牧、人类践踏、建筑等)、植被覆盖和气象因素(风速、风向和降水)的结果。该数据库可用于协助概述策略性泳滩监测和ICZM的基线。
{"title":"Importance of Beach Evaluation for Integrated Coastal Zone Management","authors":"Raghda Saad, Ali Kallas, Jocelyne Adjizian Gérard, P. Gerard","doi":"10.25518/0037-9565.10907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/0037-9565.10907","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal erosion and accretion are short-term and long-term processes that may cause changes in shoreline and beach profiles. Monitoring beach profile is important to figure out the factors that are responsible for these changes so it helps the stakeholders in planning sustainable beach management that plays a vital role in achieving Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). For this reason, a beach survey was conducted at the study area to monitor and determine the factors that led to erosion and accretion on beach profile. DEM (Digital Elevation Model) helped on comparing between the elevations of ground control points through four seasons of the survey, which compensated: November 2020, December 2020, February 2021, April 2021 and July 2021. The used methodology of using GPS (Global Positioning System) depended on stop and go methodology within the two locations in the study area: site A (Jal El Bahr north of Tyre) and site B (Bahr Slaiyeb south of Tyre). GIS (Geographic Information System) is another tool that was used to have LC (land cover) map. Meteorological data was extracted from Saksakye weather station north of Tyre. Results of beach survey indicated that the two study areas were exposed to change on profile through the study period especially at Bahr Slaiyeb. These changes in the two study areas are a result of anthropogenic pressure (grooming and cleaning, grazing, human trampling, construction, etc..), vegetation cover and meteorological factors (wind speed, wind direction and precipitation). This database could be used to support in outlining the baseline of strategic beach monitoring and ICZM.","PeriodicalId":35838,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69211175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Le site de Chèvremont est connu dans l’histoire liégeoise depuis le Haut Moyen-Âge. L’archéologie a montré que la colline a été fréquentée depuis au moins la période néolithique. Intuitivement, tous les auteurs qui se sont rendus sur le site décrivent un endroit d’où le panorama est impressionnant. Nous tentons ici d’utiliser les analyses de visibilité pour mesurer et comparer l’ampleur de la visibilité atteinte depuis plusieurs points du plateau sommital.
{"title":"SEEING OR BEING SEEN: VISIBILITY ANALYSES FROM THE CHÈVREMONT SITE (MUNICIPALITY OF CHAUDFONTAINE, BELGIUM)","authors":"Muriel van RUYMBEKE , Gilles-Antoine Nys","doi":"10.25518/0770-7576.6674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/0770-7576.6674","url":null,"abstract":"Le site de Chèvremont est connu dans l’histoire liégeoise depuis le Haut Moyen-Âge. L’archéologie a montré que la colline a été fréquentée depuis au moins la période néolithique. Intuitivement, tous les auteurs qui se sont rendus sur le site décrivent un endroit d’où le panorama est impressionnant. Nous tentons ici d’utiliser les analyses de visibilité pour mesurer et comparer l’ampleur de la visibilité atteinte depuis plusieurs points du plateau sommital.","PeriodicalId":35838,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85625911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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