Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2272102
J. Tomaney
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Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2277490
Lydia Candelaria González Orta
ABSTRACTThe global women’s movement has been one of the key actors in the origins and development of current United Nations (UN) treaties for women’s human rights, such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW, 1979). The text of the Preamble to CEDAW, particularly, resulted from non-Western perspectives on women’s organising around the UN International Women’s Year (1975) and the UN Decade for Women (1976–1985). This article traces the longer history of CEDAW and discusses the CEDAW Committee’s subsequent work since the mid-1980s to expand and renew the Treaty by adopting the so-called General Recommendations. It argues that the CEDAW Committee in recent years developed a holistic and explicitly intersectional approach, in line with the Convention’s original but often overlooked Preamble.KEYWORDS: CEDAWUN Decade for Womenwomen’s human rightswomen’s activismintersectionality AcknowledgmentsI am very grateful to Natalia Jarska for inviting me to participate in the international workshop ‘International Women’s Year in 1975 and the UN Decade for Women. Reception, impact and legacies’, organised by the Universidad Complutense de Madrid in May 2021, which led to this article. I am also grateful to the reviewers of the manuscript, who suggested some pertinent clarifications in the use of concepts, and especially to Francisca de Haan for her valuable comments and ideas that helped improve the manuscript.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 See Arvonne Fraser, ‘The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (The Women’s Convention)’, in Women, Politics and the United Nations, ed. Anne Winslow (London: Greenwood Press, 1995); Ann Taylor Allen, Anne Cova, and June Purvis, eds., ‘International Feminisms’, special issue, Women’s History Review 19, no. 4 (September 2010).2 Judith Resnik, ‘Law’s Migration: American Exceptionalism, Silent Dialogues, and Federalism’s Multiple Ports of Entry’, Yale Law Journal 115, no. 7 (2006): 1564–670; Susanne Zwingel, ‘From Intergovernmental Negotiations to (Sub)National Change. A Transnational Perspective on the Impact of CEDAW’, International Feminist Journal of Politics 7, no. 3 (2006): 400–24; Susanne Zwingel, Translating International Women’s Rights: The CEDAW Convention in Context (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016); Debra Liebowitz and Susanne Zwingel, ‘Gender Equality Oversimplified: CEDAW and the Measurement Obsession’, International Studies Review 16 (2014): 362–89; Loveday Hodson, ‘Women’s Rights and the Periphery: CEDAW’s Optional Protocol’, The European Journal of International Law 25, no. 2 (2014): 561–578; Ruth A. Stoffels, ‘The Role of the CEDAW Committee in the Implementation of Public Policies on Gender Issues: Analysis through a Study of the Protection of Girls’ Rights in Spain’, The International Journal of Human Rights 23, no. 8 (2019): 1317–6.3 See Francisca de Haan, ‘Continuing Co
摘要全球妇女运动是联合国妇女人权条约的起源和发展的关键因素之一，例如《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》(CEDAW, 1979)。《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》序言的文本，特别是源于非西方国家对妇女在联合国国际妇女年(1975年)和联合国妇女十年(1976-1985年)前后组织活动的看法。本文追溯了《消除对妇女歧视公约》较长的历史，并讨论了消除对妇女歧视公约委员会自1980年代中期以来通过所谓的《一般性建议》扩大和延长《条约》的后续工作。它认为，消除对妇女歧视委员会近年来根据《公约》最初但经常被忽视的序言，制定了一项全面和明确的交叉办法。【关键词】联合国妇女十年妇女人权十年妇女活动交叉领域感谢纳塔莉亚·雅斯卡邀请我参加1975年国际妇女年国际讲习班和联合国妇女十年。接待，影响和遗产”，由马德里康普顿斯大学于2021年5月组织，导致了这篇文章。我还要感谢手稿的审稿人，他在概念的使用上提出了一些相关的澄清，特别是Francisca de Haan，她的宝贵意见和想法帮助改进了手稿。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1见Arvonne Fraser，《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》(《妇女公约》)，载于《妇女、政治与联合国》，安妮·温斯洛主编(伦敦:格林伍德出版社，1995年);安·泰勒·艾伦、安妮·科娃和琼·珀维斯编。，《国际女权主义》特刊，《妇女历史评论》第19期。4 .(2010年9月朱迪斯·雷斯尼克，《法律的迁移:美国例外论、沉默对话和联邦制的多个入境口岸》，《耶鲁法律杂志》115期，第2期。7 (2006): 1564-670;Susanne Zwingel，《从政府间谈判到(次)国家变革》《消除对妇女歧视公约影响的跨国视角》，《国际女性主义政治杂志》，第7期。3 (2006): 400-24;Susanne Zwingel，翻译国际妇女权利:《消除对妇女歧视公约》(Palgrave Macmillan出版社，2016);Debra Liebowitz和Susanne Zwingel，“过度简化的性别平等:CEDAW和测量痴迷”，《国际研究评论》2014年第16期:362-89;Loveday Hodson，《妇女权利与边缘:消除对妇女歧视公约任择议定书》，《欧洲国际法杂志》第25期。2 (2014): 561-578;Ruth a . Stoffels，《消除对妇女歧视委员会在执行关于性别问题的公共政策中的作用:通过对西班牙女童权利保护的研究进行分析》，《国际人权杂志》第23期。参见Francisca de Haan，“跨国妇女组织的西方史学中的持续冷战范式:以国际民主妇女联合会(WIDF)为例”，《妇女历史评论》第19期。4 (2010): 547-73;Kristen Ghodsee，《重新审视联合国妇女十年:对国际妇女运动早期的女权主义、资本主义和冷战政治的简要反思》，《妇女研究国际论坛》，第33期。1 (2010): 3-12;Chiara Bonfiglioli，“第一次联合国世界妇女大会(1975年)作为冷战相遇:恢复反帝国主义，不结盟和社会主义谱系”，FILOZOFIJA I DRUŠTVO 27, no。3(2016): 521-41.4根据《公约》第18条，建立了一个基于缔约国提交定期报告的监测机制。消除对妇女歧视委员会由选举产生的独立专家组成，负责审查官方报告，为现场会议准备问题，并就各国执行《公约》的进展情况发表结论性意见。《一般性建议》是消除对妇女歧视委员会为解释、更新和扩大《公约》的内容而发表的文件。自1980年代中期以来，已就各种主题发表了38项一般性建议，包括程序问题，但也包括脆弱妇女群体的具体情况和具体侵犯妇女人权的情况参见Francisca de Haan的《1960年代全球左翼女权主义》。从哥本哈根到莫斯科再到纽约”，摘自《劳特利奇全球六十年代手册》。在抗议与国家建设之间，主编。陈健等(纽约:Routledge出版社，2018)。关于20世纪前几十年，请参见凯瑟琳·m·马里诺的《美洲女权主义:国际人权运动的形成、性别与美国文化》(教堂山:北卡罗来纳大学出版社，2019年)。 6 Hilkka Pietilä，《妇女与联合国未完成的故事》(纽约:联合国非政府联络处，2007);de Haan，《1960年代全球左翼女权主义》，4.7 Fraser，《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》，1.8 Mary Hawkesworth，《妇女的政治世界》。《二十一世纪的行动主义、倡导和治理》(博尔德:西景出版社，2012)，第256页;西莉亚·唐纳特《谁的乌托邦?》《1975年东柏林世界妇女大会上的性别、意识形态与人权》，载于《突破:1970年代的人权》主编。9 . Jan Eckel和Samuel Moyn(费城:宾夕法尼亚大学出版社，2013)弗雷泽，《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》，1;De Haan，“60年代全球左翼女权主义”，5.10 De Haan，“60年代全球左翼女权主义”，第232期，5.11 Fraser，“消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约”，1.12 Hawkesworth，妇女的政治世界，第254期，8.13 Leticia Ramos Shahani，“联合国，妇女与发展:世界妇女会议”，《发展力量:妇女如何改变国际发展》，编。Arvonne S. Fraser, Irene Tinker，第一女权主义出版社编辑(纽约:纽约城市大学女权主义出版社，2004)，第26-36页;艾伦·切斯勒《谁写了《消除对妇女歧视公约》?》，见《妇女与联合国》。14 .《妇女国际人权新历史》，丽贝卡·阿达米和丹·普莱希主编(伦敦:劳特利奇出版社，2021)16 .见乔斯林·奥尔科特，《国际妇女年:历史上最伟大的觉醒事件》(牛津大学出版社，2017年)霍克斯沃思，《妇女的政治世界》，26,8.17联合国，《国际妇女年世界会议报告》，纽约，1976年，125-35.18弗雷泽，《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》，1;Devaki Jain，“联合国第六个十年的教训，1996-2005”，《妇女、发展与联合国:对平等和正义的六十年追求》(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005)， 135-68.19，见Forum’80,7月30日。哥本哈根，1980年2月20日77国集团(77国集团)成立于1964年，目的是在联合国代表发展中国家的利益。到1970年代初，77国集团在大会中已具有很大的影响力，其关于建立新的国际经济秩序的建议正在获得势头。参见罗兰·伯克的《争夺最后的乌托邦?》: NIEO，人权与国际妇女年世界会议，墨西哥城，1975年6月，《人类:人权、人道主义和发展国际期刊》第6期。1(2015): 47-61.21联合国大会，Convención sobre la eliminación de todas las formas de discriminación contra la mujer, 1979, A/RES/34/180.22霍克斯沃思，妇女的政治世界，255,8.23见切斯勒，《消除对妇女歧视公约是谁写的?》，
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Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2277486
Natalia Jarska
ABSTRACTThis paper provides a comparative study of the impact of the 1975 International Women’s Year (IWY) on women’s activism in two non-democratic European countries: Spain and Poland. Intended by the United Nations (UN) to advance women’s rights globally, the effects of IWY were significantly influenced by national contexts. In Spain, activities relating to IWY unfolded in two interconnected spheres: the official arena controlled by the authorised Francoist women’s organisation, and the unofficial, where legal and illegal activists came together to combine a feminist agenda with anti-Francoist activity. At both levels, transnational and international relations were established or further developed during IWY. In Poland, celebrations were dominated by state-approved women’s organisations to a far greater extent, although diverse initiatives did develop on the margins, providing a space for critical debate on gender equality. However, IWY neither provided a trigger for grassroots women’s activism in Poland, nor significantly secured women’s issues on the anti-regime agenda.KEYWORDS: International Women’s Yeardictatorshipwomen’s rightswomen’s activism Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Jocelyn Olcott, International Women’s Year: The Greatest Consciousness-Raising Event in History (New York, NY, 2017); Judith P Zinsser, ‘From Mexico to Copenhagen to Nairobi: The United Nations Decade for Women, 1975–1985’, Journal of World History 13, no. 1 (2002): 139–68.2 Kristen Ghodsee, ‘Rethinking State Socialist Mass Women’s Organizations: The Committee of the Bulgarian Women’s Movement and the United Nations Decade for Women, 1975–1985(1)’, Journal of Women’s History 24, no. 4 (2012): 49–73, https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2012.0044; Raluca Maria Popa, ‘Translating Equality between Women and Men across Cold War Divides: Women Activists from Hungary and Romania and the Creation of International Women’s Year’, in Gender Politics and Everyday Life in State Socialist Eastern and Central Europe, ed. Shana Penn and Jill Massino (New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009), 59–74, https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230101579_5; Jadwiga E. Pieper Mooney, ‘Forging Feminisms under Dictatorship: Women’s International Ties and National Feminist Empowerment in Chile, 1973–1990’, Women’s History Review 19, no. 4 (1 September 2010): 613–30, https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2010.502406.3 Giuliana Di Febo, Resistencia y movimiento de mujeres en España: 1936–1976, 1a. ed., Totum revolutum; 13 ([Barcelona]: ICARIA, 1979); Inés. Alberdi et al., El movimiento feminista en España en los años 70, Feminismos ; 99. (Madrid: Fundación Pablo Iglesias ; Cátedra, 2009); Oliva Blanco Corujo et al., El largo camino hacia la igualdad: feminismo en España, 1975–1995, 1a. ed. (Madrid: Instituto de la Mujer, 1995); Mary Nash et al., Feminismos en la transición, 1a. ed. ([Barcelona]: Grup de Recerca Consolidat Multiculturalisme i Gènere, Universitat de
10 Inbal Ofer, senoritas in Blue: The Making of a Female Political Elite in Franco’s Spain: [The National Leadership of The Female section of The Falange(1936 - 1977)]，第1版(Eastbourne: Sussex Academic Press, 2009);罗萨里奥sanchez lopez，西班牙妇女，普遍命运的阴影:长枪党妇女部门的历史轨迹(1934 - 1977)(穆尔西亚:大学，出版物秘书处，1990)民主过渡中的妇女协会，西班牙过渡中的妇女:从被排斥到主角(1973 - 1982)(马德里:新图书馆，1999)Francisco Arriero Ranz，妇女民主运动:从反佛朗哥的斗争到女权主义(1965 - 1985)，研究和辩论;171(马德里:瀑布，2016)梅塞德斯·尤斯塔·罗德里戈，《钢铁女人》。《西班牙共产党与国际妇女民主联合会(1945 - 1950)》，伊斯帕尼亚诺瓦，18 (2020):599 - 628.14 Giulia Quaggio，《过渡时期PSOE中的妇女问题:从边缘化到配额》，Arenal: Revista de historia de las mujeres 24, no。1(2017): 219 - 53.15罗萨里奥·鲁伊斯·弗兰科和格洛丽亚·尼尔森cristobal。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为。maria这样努涅斯(1915—2014)was the founder of the西班牙妇女律师协会and promoted the reform of civil law,铭记passed in 1975.16 Agnieszka Janiak-Jasiń斯卡et al ., Działaczki统计局łeczne feministki、obywatelki ...: samoorganizowanie如果ękobiet na ziemiach 31 do roku 1918 (na基础porównawczym), vol . 1 (Warszawa:ąNeriton, 2008) .17Dobrochna Kał佤Kobieta aktywna w Polsce我ędzywojennej: dylematyśrodowisk kobiecych。(krakow: Historia Iagellonica, 2002);Agnieszka Janiak-Jasiń斯卡et al ., Działaczki统计局łeczne feministki、obywatelki ...: samoorganizowanie如果ękobiet na ziemiach 31 rb roku 1918: na基础porównawczym)。第2卷。(华沙:Wydawnictwo Neriton, 2009);安杰伊·Szwarc,安娜Żarnowska,编。Kobieta iświat polityki w niepodległej Polsce 1918年—1939年:zbiór studiów。[T。3 cz。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的总面积为，其中土地和(3.064平方公里)水。Sejmowe, 1996) .18这首歌在英国单曲排行榜上排名第二，在英国单曲榜上排名第三。:波兰妇女运动和共产党(1945 - 1989)，Kwartalnik Historyczny(英文版)，2018.19官方国家公报，3月26日关于国际妇女年的第95 /1974号法令。皮拉尔·普里莫·德里维拉(1907 - 1991)是独裁者米格尔·普里莫·德里维拉的女儿，米格尔·普里莫·德里维拉是西班牙长队妇女部门的创始人和唯一主席。20 Boletin official del Estado, 3月26日关于国际妇女年的第950/1974号法令。AGA, 23/5131，可能的合作AGA, 12/00301, AIM委员会成员名单，一般信息公报，1975年1月，第4.22号maria angeles duran(生于1942年)是一位社会学家，以研究女性无偿工作而闻名国家历史档案馆(AHN)， 621, N.18, maria Telo关于她拒绝成为墨西哥国际妇女年西班牙代表团成员的手写笔记。24 AGA, 23/5117，报告:AIM在西班牙,第1975.25 AGA 23/5123、会议由卡门Salinas Juridicos事务处处长,国际肛门Mujer.26 Rosario Ruiz Franco,”玛丽亚这样和女律师参与编纂总务委员会(1973年—1975年)/ maria这样and the参与女性法学家in the一般Codification(1973年—1975年),”Asparkía。女权主义研究，没有。17 (2006): 165 - 80.27 Silva，“西班牙国际妇女年”《玛丽·特洛的个人档案》，简·麦克多诺，妇女新闻社，30/09/1974,614,N。8.29 AGA, 23/5131，在AIM之前。1974年11月在圆桌会议上举行的一次讨论会的磁带上的文本，在el UROGALLO'， el UROGALLO。文学杂志双月刊diaz Silva，“1975年西班牙和法国国际妇女年:比较视角下的女权主义和妇女运动”(博士论文，马德里自治大学，2013)，351 - 52。https://repositorio.uam.es/handle/10486/660320.31 archive of the Partido Comunista espanol (APCE)， box 117, 2/6, to all women, August/September 1974.32 asociacion mujeres en la transition democratica, espanolas en la transition, 83.33 AHN, 621。第16号，资料小册子“妇女和职业妇女国际年宣言”34《妇女民主运动第四次大会宣言》，1975年8月31日，第117页，第1/5页，妇女与斗争。no . 22。1975年国际妇女年36亚太经合组织，第117栏，2/6，国际妇女和家庭主妇年。《致所有家庭主妇》，1975年3月37日，第117页，第2页，第23.38页同上，第4 - 5.39页，第117页，第1/5页，《斗争中的妇女》，1975年第26期。 Arriero Ranz，妇女民主运动，190 - 91.40 diaz Silva，西班牙和法国国际妇女年，342 - 43.41 AMH, 36/6，暂停活动报告，1975.42 APCE，框117,2/6，妇女和家庭主妇国际年。致所有家庭主妇，1975年3月，43对话笔记本，引用于:diaz Silva,国际妇女年西班牙和法国,344.44牛仔Ranz妇女民主运动、149.45妇女协会、西班牙民主转型
{"title":"International Women’s Year and women’s activism: a comparative look at Poland and Spain","authors":"Natalia Jarska","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2277486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2277486","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis paper provides a comparative study of the impact of the 1975 International Women’s Year (IWY) on women’s activism in two non-democratic European countries: Spain and Poland. Intended by the United Nations (UN) to advance women’s rights globally, the effects of IWY were significantly influenced by national contexts. In Spain, activities relating to IWY unfolded in two interconnected spheres: the official arena controlled by the authorised Francoist women’s organisation, and the unofficial, where legal and illegal activists came together to combine a feminist agenda with anti-Francoist activity. At both levels, transnational and international relations were established or further developed during IWY. In Poland, celebrations were dominated by state-approved women’s organisations to a far greater extent, although diverse initiatives did develop on the margins, providing a space for critical debate on gender equality. However, IWY neither provided a trigger for grassroots women’s activism in Poland, nor significantly secured women’s issues on the anti-regime agenda.KEYWORDS: International Women’s Yeardictatorshipwomen’s rightswomen’s activism Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Jocelyn Olcott, International Women’s Year: The Greatest Consciousness-Raising Event in History (New York, NY, 2017); Judith P Zinsser, ‘From Mexico to Copenhagen to Nairobi: The United Nations Decade for Women, 1975–1985’, Journal of World History 13, no. 1 (2002): 139–68.2 Kristen Ghodsee, ‘Rethinking State Socialist Mass Women’s Organizations: The Committee of the Bulgarian Women’s Movement and the United Nations Decade for Women, 1975–1985(1)’, Journal of Women’s History 24, no. 4 (2012): 49–73, https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2012.0044; Raluca Maria Popa, ‘Translating Equality between Women and Men across Cold War Divides: Women Activists from Hungary and Romania and the Creation of International Women’s Year’, in Gender Politics and Everyday Life in State Socialist Eastern and Central Europe, ed. Shana Penn and Jill Massino (New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009), 59–74, https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230101579_5; Jadwiga E. Pieper Mooney, ‘Forging Feminisms under Dictatorship: Women’s International Ties and National Feminist Empowerment in Chile, 1973–1990’, Women’s History Review 19, no. 4 (1 September 2010): 613–30, https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2010.502406.3 Giuliana Di Febo, Resistencia y movimiento de mujeres en España: 1936–1976, 1a. ed., Totum revolutum; 13 ([Barcelona]: ICARIA, 1979); Inés. Alberdi et al., El movimiento feminista en España en los años 70, Feminismos ; 99. (Madrid: Fundación Pablo Iglesias ; Cátedra, 2009); Oliva Blanco Corujo et al., El largo camino hacia la igualdad: feminismo en España, 1975–1995, 1a. ed. (Madrid: Instituto de la Mujer, 1995); Mary Nash et al., Feminismos en la transición, 1a. ed. ([Barcelona]: Grup de Recerca Consolidat Multiculturalisme i Gènere, Universitat de","PeriodicalId":358940,"journal":{"name":"Women's History Review","volume":"2007 35","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2277488
Ireen Dubel
The article discusses the significance of the International Women's Year (IWY) and the United Nations (UN) Decade for Women for the development of Global South-oriented advocacy by feminists in the Netherlands. It examines how a focus on women evolved within Dutch development cooperation policy and development studies which persists to this day under the banner of ‘women’s rights, gender equality, and gender mainstreaming’. The article highlights instances of international advocacy fostered by the UN International Women’s Year Conference in 1975, the UN International Conference on Population in 1984 and the UN World Conference to Review and Appraise the Achievements of the UN Decade for Women in 1985, and how the advocacy efforts contributed to a reframing of the early Dutch policy approach of ‘women in development’.
{"title":"1975-1985: a catalyst for Global South-oriented advocacy by Dutch feminists","authors":"Ireen Dubel","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2277488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2277488","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the significance of the International Women's Year (IWY) and the United Nations (UN) Decade for Women for the development of Global South-oriented advocacy by feminists in the Netherlands. It examines how a focus on women evolved within Dutch development cooperation policy and development studies which persists to this day under the banner of ‘women’s rights, gender equality, and gender mainstreaming’. The article highlights instances of international advocacy fostered by the UN International Women’s Year Conference in 1975, the UN International Conference on Population in 1984 and the UN World Conference to Review and Appraise the Achievements of the UN Decade for Women in 1985, and how the advocacy efforts contributed to a reframing of the early Dutch policy approach of ‘women in development’.","PeriodicalId":358940,"journal":{"name":"Women's History Review","volume":"44 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2277483
Natalia Jarska
{"title":"Women’s activism and state policies during International Women’s Year and the United Nations decade for women: a comparative perspective","authors":"Natalia Jarska","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2277483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2277483","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":358940,"journal":{"name":"Women's History Review","volume":"16 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2267253
Susan Bailey
ABSTRACTThis article explores the role of home economists from the 1950s until the 1980s in relation to small domestic electrical appliances when home economists promoted these small electrical products and began to have a role in their development and evaluation. It is argued that education for home economists and their professional role developed during this period as they became mediators between producers and consumers. It captures the changing role of women in the electricity and appliance industry during the period up to the late 1980s, when the role of the home economist in these areas began to decline. Further and higher education syllabuses were developed and refined in response to the growth of employment opportunities, particularly for home economists in the electricity and appliance industry. This article therefore draws upon both a case study of the Polytechnic of North London home economics syllabuses and an oral history of Jenny Webb, a leading home economist in the electricity industry.KEYWORDS: Home economicselectricity industryelectrical applianceshigher educationconsumerism Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Jenny Webb and Matt Cresswell, A Jenny Job—My Life Electric (UK: Independently published, 2021).2 Eleanor Peters, ‘“On the Fringe of the Technical World”: Female Electrical Appliance Demonstrators in Interwar Scotland’, Women's History Review 31, no. 2 (2022) looked at this area and Carroll Pursell, ‘Domesticating Modernity: The Electrical Association for Women, 1924–86’, The British Journal for the History of Science 32, no. 1 (1999) covered the whole period of its existence.3 Megan J. Elias, ‘No Place Like Home: A Survey of American Home Economics History’, History Compass 9, No. 1 (2011).4 See the following for food processors, cookers and microwave ovens: Danielle Chabaud-Rychter, ‘La mise en forme des pratiques domestiques dans le travail de conception d'appareils électroménagers’, Sociétés contemporaines 17, (1994); Elizabeth B. Silva, ‘The Cook, the Cooker and the Gendering of the Kitchen’, The Sociological Review 48, no. 4 (2000); Judy Wajcman, ‘Feminist Theories of Technology’, Cambridge Journal of Economics 34, no. 1 (2010).5 Cynthia Cockburn and Susan Ormrod, Gender and Technology in the Making (London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 1993). Their work is commented on by Judy Wajcman, ‘Reflections on Gender and Technology Studies: In What State Is the Art?’, Social Studies of Science 30, no. 3 (2000).6 Cynthia Cockburn, ‘Domestic Technologies: Cinderella and the Engineers’, Women's Studies International Forum 20, no. 3 (1997).7 Cockburn, ‘Domestic Technologies: Cinderella and the Engineers’.8 Carolyn M. Goldstein, Mediating Consumption: Home Economics and American Consumers, 1900–1940 (PhD thesis, University of Delaware, 1994).9 Amy Sue Bix, ‘Equipped for Life: Gendered Technical Training and Consumerism in Home Economics, 1920–1980’, Technology and Culture 43, no. 4
小型家用电器的所有权由BRMB, TGI 1969-1993年类别趋势-家用电器和耐用品(伦敦:BMRB, 1993)考虑，也由Jenny Webb提供，“电气专家”，作者采访，2021年9月1日，2021.16 Brian Sinclair Wolfe，“1963年至1990年期间英国家用电器工业的发展”(哲学硕士论文，开放大学，1996年)瓦妮莎·简·泰勒，《人类世中的性别和代理:二十世纪英国的能源、妇女和家庭》，《RCC透视:环境与社会转型》，2020年，第2期。1 (2020)瓦妮莎·泰勒，《人类世女性:二十世纪英国的能源、代理和家庭》，《新的视角:女性和能源的历史》(2021)，第19页Wolfe，《1963年至1990年英国家用电器工业的发展》。私有化后，出售电器的电板店的数目大幅减少Yvonne Dewhurst和Donna Pendergast，“21世纪的家政学:一个跨文化的比较研究”，《国际家政学杂志》第1期。1(2008)历史性地提出了“家庭科学，家庭经济和家庭主妇”这一术语，作为科学家庭主妇和A. Tull的“为什么教(年轻人)如何做饭?”《转型中的教育与政策批判分析》(伦敦城市大学，2015)。在她的论文中，她将其更新为“……家政、家政(HE)、食品技术(FT)”。Susan Bailey，“英国高等教育学位水平的消费者科学和消费者研究的发展”(伦敦城市大学，2008年的博士论文)，增加了“消费者科学或消费者研究”作为自20世纪80年代末以来在高等教育中特别使用的术语。Joanne Hollows，“科学与咒语:两次世界大战期间英国良好家务中的烹饪、生活方式和家庭女性”，载于《生活方式的历史化》(伦敦:Routledge出版社，2016)，也回顾了这一领域Kathryn McSweeney，“评估实践及其对爱尔兰家政学教育的影响”(博士论文，斯特林大学，2014年)Amy Harden, Scott Hall, and Deanna Pucciarelli，“美国FCS专业人士对家庭和消费者科学作为一门学科的当前和未来方向的看法”，《国际家政学杂志》第11期。1 (2018) 23)妇女就业联合会，《家政学职业新观》，(1969).24北伦敦理工学院，商业技术教育委员会家政学高级国家文凭课程内容，1983年- 1987年9月修订，作者档案和北伦敦理工学院-北伦敦大学(1971-1992);《伦敦城市大学特别收藏》，1971-2002.25伦敦，商业技术教育委员会家政学高级国家文凭课程内容。26贝利，“英国高等教育学位水平的消费者科学和消费者研究的发展”。这两个学位都提供了一种科学的方法，但女权主义者对它们的重点或被认为是“纯粹”科学的琐碎和稀释感到不高兴，尽管根据汤姆贝格的《优秀女性:玛格丽特女王学院的起源和历史》(爱丁堡:约翰唐纳德出版社，1994年)，这些课程非常受欢迎。南希·林恩·布莱克斯塔德(Nancy Lynn Blakestad)，《国王家庭与社会科学学院和英国高等教育中的家庭科学运动，c. 1908-1939》(牛津大学博士论文，1994)，回顾了这一时期的家庭科学历史彼得斯的《在技术世界的边缘》研究了这一领域，而珀塞尔的《驯化现代性:女性电气协会，1924-86》涵盖了该协会存在的整个时期伊丽莎白·斯普林格和波琳·韦伯，《说服家庭主妇用电?》《电力委员会档案资料解读》，《英国科学史杂志》，第26期。1(1993)。曼彻斯特科学与工业博物馆有这些课程的详细教学大纲材料Gillian Murphy，“家政教育的兴衰”，《国际消费研究杂志》第35期(2011)，第30页斯普林格和韦伯的《说服家庭主妇使用电?》《电力局档案资料解读》[j]英国国内经济学家协会，《培训备忘录》，1958年，北伦敦理工学院个人档案资料，英国，《培训备忘录》，33各种各样的，吉本斯夫人的信件和关于创建北方家政学院文凭的回复，“通信”，1954-1965，个人收藏艾琳·哈珀，北伦敦理工学院家政学背景，“给苏·贝利的详细背景信，个人收藏”，无日期。 学生们被授予这两种文凭，直到1970年9月理工学院文凭被取消。35联邦，对家政职业的新看法。世界经济论坛成立于1933年，其母组织是伦敦和全国妇女服务协会，即现在的福西特协会。36朱莉·菲什，《家政学中的职业》，第一版，职业系列(伦敦:科根页，1983)巴克，《电力委员会的历史第1部分》38页法辛，《摩登监狱》，39分《福布斯家庭经济与消费者教育手册》，芭芭拉·莫里森主编(伦敦:福布斯出版社，1982)西蒙·菲尔德，《缺失的中产:英国的高等技术教育》，伦敦:盖茨比慈善基金会(2018);Cedefop(欧洲职业培训发展中心)，职业教育和高级资格培训(卢森堡:欧盟出版办公室，2011年)，https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/5515_en.pdf.41丽塔·约翰斯顿，“未来的大学:重新审视”，《高等教育》第36期。3(1998)点Sue Bailey，“在英国高等教育中发展消费者科学的当代概念”，《国际消费者研究杂志》第34期。2 (2010);《消费者科学与消费者研究在英国高等教育中的发展》，第43期Brenda M. Pratt，“中等教育背景下的家政学学科发展”(博士论文，萨里大学，1990).44Kathleen Hastrop，“弥合鸿沟——专业家庭经济学家的角色”，《消费者研究与家庭经济学杂志》第1期。2(1977)。45Wendy Matthews和Linda Golightly，“家政经济学家发展角色所必需的核心知识”，《家政经济学家》1981年第1期，第46页北伦敦理工学院，《招股说明书与函件》，1968年，作者文集，伦敦。1992-2002)伦敦城市大学特别收藏”和全国家政教育委员会，NCHEE家政学文凭课程大纲，1973年，个人收藏，北伦敦理工学院，48伦敦，“商业技术员教育委员会家政学高级国家文凭课程内容”。49“珍妮·韦伯:家电历史学家”，2010年，2023年9月20日访问，https://www.youtube.com/@ appliancehistory(国家家庭经济学家和英国微波炉先驱珍妮·韦伯的电视和广播作品)韦布，《电气专家》，51页韦布，《电气专家》，第52页法尔辛，《摩登监狱》法辛，《摩登监狱》，54分Brenda M. Pratt，“中等教育背景下的家经济学学科发展”(未发表的博士论文，萨里大学，1990)，https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253315.58 Cockburn，“国内技术:灰姑娘和工程师”。59Bix，《为生活而装备:性别化的技术培训和消费主义在家经济学，1920-1980》。苏珊·贝利是BTEC HND家政学、食品与消费者研究理学士和食品科学理学硕士的前课程主任。目前，她是伦敦城市大学的独立研究员和副高级讲师。
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Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2267248
Ruth Cohen
ABSTRACTThis article uses the Women’s Co-operative Guild’s evidence to the 1912 Royal Commission on divorce to explore working-class women’s views about, and experiences of, marriage and divorce in the early twentieth century. Unlike any other evidence presented to the Commission the Guild’s was directly based on testimony from working-class women. These had been collected in letters from members to the Guild’s General Secretary, Margaret Llewelyn Davies, who testified on its behalf to the Commission. The bulk of the letters were from wives and mothers who generally came from better off sections of the working class. They confirm Guild members’ overwhelming support for some degree of reform to current laws, along with more limited backing for Davies’ radical proposals for divorce on grounds of mutual consent. The article demonstrates that these letters provide vivid detailed testimony of the impact of domestic abuse, of wives’ financial dependence on their husbands, and of the gender inequality enshrined in contemporary divorce laws. It argues that support for reform was often combined with a Christian conviction that marriage should be a ‘sacred bond’, and highlights a common vision of marriage as a relationship of equals.KEYWORDS: Women’s Co-operative Guilddivorcemarriagereform AcknowledgementsFor comments on earlier drafts of this article many thanks to Maggie Andrews, Jan Lomas, Anna Muggeridge, Frances Pine and the two anonymous reviewers.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Minutes of Evidence, 151.2 Margaret Llewelyn Davies, ‘The Claims of Mothers and Children’, in Women and the Labour Party, ed. Marion Phillips (London: Headley, 1918), 29.3 Minutes of Evidence, 149–73, evidence of Margaret Llewelyn Davies and Eleanor Barton. See also: Women’s Co-operative Guild, Working Women and Divorce, an Account of Evidence Given on Behalf of the Women’s Co-operative Guild before the Royal Commission on Divorce (London: David Nutt, 1911).4 Margaret Llewelyn Davies, ed., Life as We have Known It (London: Virago, 1977) and Maternity, Letters from Working Women (London: Virago, 1978).5 Jean Gaffin and David Thoms, Caring and Sharing, the Centenary History of the Women’s Co-operative Guild (Manchester: Co-operative Union, 1983); Gillian Scott, Feminism and the Politics of Working Women (London: UCL Press, 1998) and ‘Working Out Their Own Salvation: Women’s Autonomy and Divorce Law Reform in the Co-operative Movement, 1910-1920’, in New Views of Co-operation, ed. Stephen Yeo (London: Routledge, 1988); Barbara J. Blaszak, The Matriarchs of England’s Co-operative Movement (Westport: Greenwood, 2000).6 For the Guild and suffrage, see for example, Sandra Holton, Feminism and Democracy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), 60–5; Gillian Scott, ‘The Women’s Co-operative Guild’, in Suffrage outside Suffragism: Women’s Vote in Britain, 1880—1914, ed. Myriam Boussahba-Bravard (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macm
摘要本文利用1912年英国妇女合作社协会对皇家离婚委员会的证据，探讨20世纪初工人阶级妇女对婚姻和离婚的看法和经历。与提交给委员会的其他证据不同，该协会的证词直接基于工人阶级妇女的证词。这些都是会员写给公会秘书长玛格丽特·卢埃林·戴维斯的信中收集的，她代表公会向委员会作证。大部分信件来自妻子和母亲，她们通常来自较富裕的工人阶级。他们证实了公会成员对现行法律进行某种程度的改革的压倒性支持，以及对戴维斯关于双方同意离婚的激进建议的更有限的支持。文章表明，这些信件生动详细地证明了家庭暴力的影响，妻子对丈夫的经济依赖，以及当代离婚法中所体现的性别不平等。它认为，对改革的支持往往与基督教认为婚姻应该是一种“神圣的纽带”的信念结合在一起，并强调了婚姻是一种平等关系的共同愿景。对于本文早期草稿的评论，非常感谢Maggie Andrews, Jan Lomas, Anna Muggeridge, Frances Pine和两位匿名审稿人。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1《证据分钟》，151.2 Margaret Llewelyn Davies，“母亲和孩子的要求”，《妇女和工党》，Marion Phillips主编(伦敦:Headley, 1918)， 29.3《证据分钟》，149-73,Margaret Llewelyn Davies和Eleanor Barton的证据。参见:妇女合作社协会，工作妇女和离婚，在皇家离婚委员会前代表妇女合作社协会提供的证据说明(伦敦:大卫·纳特，1911年)4 .玛格丽特·卢埃林·戴维斯主编，《我们所知道的生活》(伦敦:维拉戈出版社，1977)和《母性》，《职业妇女来信》(伦敦:维拉戈出版社，1978)Jean Gaffin和David Thoms，《关怀与分享》，妇女合作社协会百年历史(曼彻斯特:合作社联盟，1983);吉莉安·斯科特，女权主义和职业妇女的政治(伦敦:伦敦大学学院出版社，1998年)和“制定自己的救赎:妇女的自治和离婚法改革在合作社运动，1910-1920年”，在合作的新观点，编辑斯蒂芬杨(伦敦:劳特利奇，1988年);6 . Barbara J. Blaszak，《英国合作运动的女族长》(Westport: Greenwood, 2000)关于工会和选举权，见桑德拉·霍尔顿，《女权主义与民主》(剑桥:剑桥大学出版社，1986)，60-5页;吉莉安·斯科特，《妇女合作行会》，选自《妇女参政主义之外的选举权:1880-1914年英国妇女的投票》，米里亚姆·布萨巴-布拉瓦德主编(贝辛斯托克:帕尔格雷夫·麦克米伦出版社，2007年);6 . June Hannam和Karen Hunt，社会主义妇女，英国，1880 -1920(伦敦:Routledge出版社，2002)参见Andrew Flinn，“和平母亲，合作，女权主义与和平:妇女合作协会和战争期间的反战运动”，在消费主义和现代英国历史上的合作运动:盘点，编辑。劳伦斯·布莱克和妮可·罗伯逊(曼彻斯特:曼彻斯特大学出版社，2009);Sarah Hellawell，“强烈的国际精神”:国际主义对妇女合作社协会的影响”，《二十世纪英国历史》第31期，第2期。1(2021): 93-118.8彼得·格尼，合作文化和消费的政治在英国，1870-1950(曼彻斯特:曼彻斯特大学出版社，1996);9 .妮可·罗伯逊，《英国的合作社运动和社区，1914-1960:关注他们自己的事业》(伦敦:劳特利奇出版社，2016)rachel Vorberg-Rugh，“合作运动的单位是女性”:性别与合作商业模式的发展”，《主流合作:21世纪的替代方案?》eds。，安东尼·韦伯斯特，琳达·肖，瑞秋·沃伯格-鲁(曼彻斯特:曼彻斯特大学出版社，2016)，90-111。参见:Peter Gurney，“重新定义‘提着篮子的女人’:二战期间英国妇女合作协会和消费政治”，《性别与历史》31期，第2期。[j](2020): 189-207。在Barbara J. Blaszak的《19世纪之交英国合作社运动的性别地理》中，运动中的性别政治方面与公会早期的关系得到了强调，《妇女历史评论》第9期。3 (2000): 559-83;约翰·k·威尔逊:《英国的地方性、性别与合作:对芭芭拉·j·布拉扎克的评析》，《妇女历史评论》第12期。3 (2003): 477-88;Barbara J. Blaszak，《地方主义的危害:对John K. Walton的回答》，《妇女历史评论》第12期。3(2003): 489-98。
{"title":"‘I was utterly at my husband’s mercy’: voices from the Women’s Co-operative Guild, 1910–1914","authors":"Ruth Cohen","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2267248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2267248","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis article uses the Women’s Co-operative Guild’s evidence to the 1912 Royal Commission on divorce to explore working-class women’s views about, and experiences of, marriage and divorce in the early twentieth century. Unlike any other evidence presented to the Commission the Guild’s was directly based on testimony from working-class women. These had been collected in letters from members to the Guild’s General Secretary, Margaret Llewelyn Davies, who testified on its behalf to the Commission. The bulk of the letters were from wives and mothers who generally came from better off sections of the working class. They confirm Guild members’ overwhelming support for some degree of reform to current laws, along with more limited backing for Davies’ radical proposals for divorce on grounds of mutual consent. The article demonstrates that these letters provide vivid detailed testimony of the impact of domestic abuse, of wives’ financial dependence on their husbands, and of the gender inequality enshrined in contemporary divorce laws. It argues that support for reform was often combined with a Christian conviction that marriage should be a ‘sacred bond’, and highlights a common vision of marriage as a relationship of equals.KEYWORDS: Women’s Co-operative Guilddivorcemarriagereform AcknowledgementsFor comments on earlier drafts of this article many thanks to Maggie Andrews, Jan Lomas, Anna Muggeridge, Frances Pine and the two anonymous reviewers.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Minutes of Evidence, 151.2 Margaret Llewelyn Davies, ‘The Claims of Mothers and Children’, in Women and the Labour Party, ed. Marion Phillips (London: Headley, 1918), 29.3 Minutes of Evidence, 149–73, evidence of Margaret Llewelyn Davies and Eleanor Barton. See also: Women’s Co-operative Guild, Working Women and Divorce, an Account of Evidence Given on Behalf of the Women’s Co-operative Guild before the Royal Commission on Divorce (London: David Nutt, 1911).4 Margaret Llewelyn Davies, ed., Life as We have Known It (London: Virago, 1977) and Maternity, Letters from Working Women (London: Virago, 1978).5 Jean Gaffin and David Thoms, Caring and Sharing, the Centenary History of the Women’s Co-operative Guild (Manchester: Co-operative Union, 1983); Gillian Scott, Feminism and the Politics of Working Women (London: UCL Press, 1998) and ‘Working Out Their Own Salvation: Women’s Autonomy and Divorce Law Reform in the Co-operative Movement, 1910-1920’, in New Views of Co-operation, ed. Stephen Yeo (London: Routledge, 1988); Barbara J. Blaszak, The Matriarchs of England’s Co-operative Movement (Westport: Greenwood, 2000).6 For the Guild and suffrage, see for example, Sandra Holton, Feminism and Democracy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), 60–5; Gillian Scott, ‘The Women’s Co-operative Guild’, in Suffrage outside Suffragism: Women’s Vote in Britain, 1880—1914, ed. Myriam Boussahba-Bravard (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macm","PeriodicalId":358940,"journal":{"name":"Women's History Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135268073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-22DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2267254
Sue Zeleny Bishop
Using the oral life-histories of women who were in long-term heterosexual intercultural romantic relationships, the article examines the food preparation and consumption practices of their intercultural households in 1960s–1990s Leicester, England. The women’s narratives expand our historical understanding of how migration to Britain since 1945 has affected domestic foodways. The women’s memories illustrate their proactive interaction with, or resistance to, the cultural traditions and practices of their male partners. They show the extent to which cultural exchange permeated life together, including through the couples’ social gatherings with families and friends. The article argues the women’s execution of their food management responsibilities variably reshaped and adapted their sense of self and the cultural identities of those they were responsible for feeding—a nuanced perspective on the origins, and success or otherwise, of Britain’s multicultural society.
{"title":"Using women’s memories of food in intercultural households to locate female agency and evolving cultural identities in Leicester, England, 1960–1995","authors":"Sue Zeleny Bishop","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2267254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2267254","url":null,"abstract":"Using the oral life-histories of women who were in long-term heterosexual intercultural romantic relationships, the article examines the food preparation and consumption practices of their intercultural households in 1960s–1990s Leicester, England. The women’s narratives expand our historical understanding of how migration to Britain since 1945 has affected domestic foodways. The women’s memories illustrate their proactive interaction with, or resistance to, the cultural traditions and practices of their male partners. They show the extent to which cultural exchange permeated life together, including through the couples’ social gatherings with families and friends. The article argues the women’s execution of their food management responsibilities variably reshaped and adapted their sense of self and the cultural identities of those they were responsible for feeding—a nuanced perspective on the origins, and success or otherwise, of Britain’s multicultural society.","PeriodicalId":358940,"journal":{"name":"Women's History Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135462786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2270361
Timothy Verhoeven
This article analyses the evolution of mass petitioning within the woman suffrage movement in the United States, with a focus on the decade leading up to the ratification of the 19th Amendment (1920). Its central argument is that suffrage activists skilfully and imaginatively refashioned what was a venerable form of mobilization. In their hands, the petition served a range of purposes beyond enacting legislative change. It was a fulcrum for public parades and pilgrimages that grabbed public and press attention. In the form of the initiative petition, it was a tool to put the question of woman suffrage directly before voters. When aimed at individual lawmakers, and even in the face of a deadly pandemic, petition campaigns served to swing crucial votes. Focussing on the petition helps us to rethink certain aspects of the suffrage movement. It draws our attention to the role of rank-and-file activists on the ground. Furthermore, while reinforcing the importance of racial division, it challenges the notion of a movement split into radical and conservative wings. Whatever their differences, both sides understood the value of petitioning in an era of mass democracy.
{"title":"‘My how I have walked and worked to get those names’: Petitioning and the Women's Suffrage Movement in the United States, 1908–1920.","authors":"Timothy Verhoeven","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2270361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2270361","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the evolution of mass petitioning within the woman suffrage movement in the United States, with a focus on the decade leading up to the ratification of the 19th Amendment (1920). Its central argument is that suffrage activists skilfully and imaginatively refashioned what was a venerable form of mobilization. In their hands, the petition served a range of purposes beyond enacting legislative change. It was a fulcrum for public parades and pilgrimages that grabbed public and press attention. In the form of the initiative petition, it was a tool to put the question of woman suffrage directly before voters. When aimed at individual lawmakers, and even in the face of a deadly pandemic, petition campaigns served to swing crucial votes. Focussing on the petition helps us to rethink certain aspects of the suffrage movement. It draws our attention to the role of rank-and-file activists on the ground. Furthermore, while reinforcing the importance of racial division, it challenges the notion of a movement split into radical and conservative wings. Whatever their differences, both sides understood the value of petitioning in an era of mass democracy.","PeriodicalId":358940,"journal":{"name":"Women's History Review","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135885240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2267247
Maggie Andrews, Janis Lomas, Anna Muggeridge
{"title":"Homes, food and domesticity: rethinking the housewife in twentieth century Britain","authors":"Maggie Andrews, Janis Lomas, Anna Muggeridge","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2267247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2267247","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":358940,"journal":{"name":"Women's History Review","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135859079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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