Given any neutrosophic ring with unity and a commutatively additive neutrosophic group. Then we can formed a neutrosophic algebraic structure is called a strong neutrosphic module. From the concept of weak neutrosophic module we extend to the concept of strong neutrosophic module. In this paper, also elementary properties of strong neutrosophic module are given.
{"title":"MODUL NEUTROSOFIK KUAT","authors":"Suryoto Suryoto, Harjito Harjito, Titi Udjiani","doi":"10.14710/jfma.v1i2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jfma.v1i2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Given any neutrosophic ring with unity and a commutatively additive neutrosophic group. Then we can formed a neutrosophic algebraic structure is called a strong neutrosphic module. From the concept of weak neutrosophic module we extend to the concept of strong neutrosophic module. In this paper, also elementary properties of strong neutrosophic module are given.","PeriodicalId":359074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fundamental Mathematics and Applications (JFMA)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131889557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. One type of element in the ring with involution is normal element. Their main properties is commutative with their image by involution in ring. Group invers of element in ring is always commutative with element which is commutative with itself. In this paper, properties of normal element in ring with involution which also have generalized Moore Penrose invers are constructed by using commutative property of group invers in ring. Keywords: Normal, Moore Penrose, group, involution
摘要有对合的环中的一种元素是正规元素。它们的主要性质是通过环对合与象交换。环中元素的群逆与与自身可交换的元素总是可交换的。本文利用环上群逆的交换性质，构造了具有对合环的正规元的性质，并得到了广义Moore Penrose逆。关键词:Normal, Moore Penrose, group, involution
{"title":"NORMAL ELEMENT ON IDENTIFY PROPERTIES","authors":"T. Udjiani, S. Suryoto, Harjito Harjito","doi":"10.14710/jfma.v1i2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jfma.v1i2.16","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. One type of element in the ring with involution is normal element. Their main properties is commutative with their image by involution in ring. Group invers of element in ring is always commutative with element which is commutative with itself. In this paper, properties of normal element in ring with involution which also have generalized Moore Penrose invers are constructed by using commutative property of group invers in ring. Keywords: Normal, Moore Penrose, group, involution","PeriodicalId":359074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fundamental Mathematics and Applications (JFMA)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123131769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research was conducted to analyze several theorems about fixed point uniqueness on multiplicative metric space. Firstly, the proof of fixed point uniqueness theorem on complete multiplicative metric space is analyzed with involving multiplicative continuous functions. Then, several fixed point uniqueness theorems is analyzed without involving multiplicative continuous functions. The proof of fixed point uniqueness theorem on complete multiplicative metric space with involving multiplicative continuous functions can be done without requirement of contraction multiplicative mapping. If this mapping is satisfying a condition with involving multiplicative continuous functions then it was proven that it had the unique fixed point. Furthermore, the proof of fixed point uniqueness theorem on complete multiplicative metric space without involving multiplicative continuous functions can be done by requiring the mapping is contraction.
{"title":"ANALISIS BEBERAPA TEOREMA KETUNGGALAN TITIK TETAP DI RUANG METRIK MULTIPLIKATIF (MULTIPLICATIVE METRIC SPACES)","authors":"Malahayati Malahayati","doi":"10.14710/jfma.v1i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jfma.v1i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to analyze several theorems about fixed point uniqueness on multiplicative metric space. Firstly, the proof of fixed point uniqueness theorem on complete multiplicative metric space is analyzed with involving multiplicative continuous functions. Then, several fixed point uniqueness theorems is analyzed without involving multiplicative continuous functions. The proof of fixed point uniqueness theorem on complete multiplicative metric space with involving multiplicative continuous functions can be done without requirement of contraction multiplicative mapping. If this mapping is satisfying a condition with involving multiplicative continuous functions then it was proven that it had the unique fixed point. Furthermore, the proof of fixed point uniqueness theorem on complete multiplicative metric space without involving multiplicative continuous functions can be done by requiring the mapping is contraction.","PeriodicalId":359074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fundamental Mathematics and Applications (JFMA)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122154172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pre-Hilbert space is a vector space equipped with an inner-product. Furthermore, if each Cauchy sequence in a pre-Hilbert space is convergent then it can be said complete and it called as Hilbert space. The accretive operator is a linear operator in a Hilbert space. Accretive operator is occurred if the real part of the corresponding inner product will be equal to zero or positive. Accretive operators are also associated with non-negative self-adjoint operators. Thus, an accretive operator is said to be strict if there is a positive number such that the real part of the inner product will be greater than or equal to that number times to the squared norm value of any vector in the corresponding Hilbert Space. In this paper, we prove that a strict accretive operator is an accretive operator.
{"title":"OPERATOR ACCRETIVE KUAT PADA RUANG HILBERT","authors":"Razis Aji Saputro, Susilo Hariyanto, Y. Sumanto","doi":"10.14710/JFMA.V1I1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/JFMA.V1I1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-Hilbert space is a vector space equipped with an inner-product. Furthermore, if each Cauchy sequence in a pre-Hilbert space is convergent then it can be said complete and it called as Hilbert space. The accretive operator is a linear operator in a Hilbert space. Accretive operator is occurred if the real part of the corresponding inner product will be equal to zero or positive. Accretive operators are also associated with non-negative self-adjoint operators. Thus, an accretive operator is said to be strict if there is a positive number such that the real part of the inner product will be greater than or equal to that number times to the squared norm value of any vector in the corresponding Hilbert Space. In this paper, we prove that a strict accretive operator is an accretive operator.","PeriodicalId":359074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fundamental Mathematics and Applications (JFMA)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121985363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Let $R$ is a ring with unit element and $delta$ is a derivation on $R$. An ideal $I$ of $R$ is called $delta$-ideal if it satisfies $delta (I)subseteq I$. Related to the theory of ideal, we can define prime $delta$-ideal and maximal $delta$-ideal. The ring $R$ is called $delta$-simple if $R$ is non-zero and the only $delta$-ideal of $R$ are ${0}$ and $R$. In this paper, given the necessary and sufficient conditions for quotient ring $R/I$ is a $delta$-simple where $delta_*$ is a derivation on $R/I$ such that $delta_* circ pi =pi circ delta$.
{"title":"SIFAT-SIFAT RING FAKTOR YANG DILENGKAPI DERIVASI","authors":"Iwan Ernanto","doi":"10.14710/JFMA.V1I1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/JFMA.V1I1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Let $R$ is a ring with unit element and $delta$ is a derivation on $R$. An ideal $I$ of $R$ is called $delta$-ideal if it satisfies $delta (I)subseteq I$. Related to the theory of ideal, we can define prime $delta$-ideal and maximal $delta$-ideal. The ring $R$ is called $delta$-simple if $R$ is non-zero and the only $delta$-ideal of $R$ are ${0}$ and $R$. In this paper, given the necessary and sufficient conditions for quotient ring $R/I$ is a $delta$-simple where $delta_*$ is a derivation on $R/I$ such that $delta_* circ pi =pi circ delta$.","PeriodicalId":359074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fundamental Mathematics and Applications (JFMA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125900172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. H. S. Utomo, Heru Tjahjana, Bambang Irawanto, Lucia Ratnasari
This paper is addressed to discuss the edge super trimagic total labeling on some graphs which are corona, double ladder, quadrilateral snake and alternate triangular snake. The main results are the edge super trimagic total label for these graphs. Furthermore, it was prove that corona is a graph with edge super trimagic total labeling, a double ladder with odd ladder is graph with edge super trimagic total labeling, quadrilateral snake is a graph with edge super trimagic total labeling and finally an alternate triangular snake with odd ladder is graph with edge super trimagic total labeling.
{"title":"PELABELAN TOTAL SUPER TRIMAGIC SISI PADA BEBERAPA GRAF","authors":"R. H. S. Utomo, Heru Tjahjana, Bambang Irawanto, Lucia Ratnasari","doi":"10.14710/JFMA.V1I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/JFMA.V1I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is addressed to discuss the edge super trimagic total labeling on some graphs which are corona, double ladder, quadrilateral snake and alternate triangular snake. The main results are the edge super trimagic total label for these graphs. Furthermore, it was prove that corona is a graph with edge super trimagic total labeling, a double ladder with odd ladder is graph with edge super trimagic total labeling, quadrilateral snake is a graph with edge super trimagic total labeling and finally an alternate triangular snake with odd ladder is graph with edge super trimagic total labeling.","PeriodicalId":359074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fundamental Mathematics and Applications (JFMA)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116763449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The weak solution is one of solutions of the partial differential equations, that is generated from derivative of the distribution. In particular, the definition of a weak solution of the Dirichlet problem for second order linear elliptic partial differential equations is constructed by the definition and the characteristics of Sobolev spaces on Lipschitz domain in R^n. By using the Lax Milgram Theorem, Alternative Fredholm Theorem and Maximum Principle Theorem, we derived the sufficient conditions to ensure the uniqueness of the weak solution of Dirichlet problem for second order linear elliptic partial differential equations. Furthermore, we discussed the eigenvalue of Dirichlet problem for second order linear elliptic partial differential equations with respect to the weak solution.
{"title":"SOLUSI LEMAH MASALAH DIRICHLET PERSAMAAN DIFERENSIAL PARSIAL LINEAR ELIPTIK ORDER DUA","authors":"Sekar Nugraheni, Ch. Rini Indrati","doi":"10.14710/JFMA.V1I1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/JFMA.V1I1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The weak solution is one of solutions of the partial differential equations, that is generated from derivative of the distribution. In particular, the definition of a weak solution of the Dirichlet problem for second order linear elliptic partial differential equations is constructed by the definition and the characteristics of Sobolev spaces on Lipschitz domain in R^n. By using the Lax Milgram Theorem, Alternative Fredholm Theorem and Maximum Principle Theorem, we derived the sufficient conditions to ensure the uniqueness of the weak solution of Dirichlet problem for second order linear elliptic partial differential equations. Furthermore, we discussed the eigenvalue of Dirichlet problem for second order linear elliptic partial differential equations with respect to the weak solution.","PeriodicalId":359074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fundamental Mathematics and Applications (JFMA)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125832709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Option can be defined as a contract between two sides/parties said party one and party two. Party one has the right to buy or sell of stock to party two. Party two can invest by observe the put option price or call option price on a time period in the option contract. Black-Scholes option solution using finite difference method based on forward time central space (FTCS) can be used as the reference for party two in the investment determining. Option price determining by using Black-Scholes was applied on Samsung stock (SSNLF) by using finite difference method FTCS. Daily data of Samsung stock in one year was processed to obtain the volatility of the stock. Then, the call option and put option are calculated by using FTCS method after discretization on the Black-Scholes model. The value of call option was obtained as $1.457695030014260 and the put option value was obtained as $1.476925604670225.
{"title":"PENENTUAN HARGA OPSI DENGAN MODEL BLACK-SCHOLES MENGGUNALKAN METODE BEDA HINGGA FORWARD TIME CENTRAL SPACE","authors":"Werry Febrianti","doi":"10.14710/jfma.v1i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jfma.v1i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Option can be defined as a contract between two sides/parties said party one and party two. Party one has the right to buy or sell of stock to party two. Party two can invest by observe the put option price or call option price on a time period in the option contract. Black-Scholes option solution using finite difference method based on forward time central space (FTCS) can be used as the reference for party two in the investment determining. Option price determining by using Black-Scholes was applied on Samsung stock (SSNLF) by using finite difference method FTCS. Daily data of Samsung stock in one year was processed to obtain the volatility of the stock. Then, the call option and put option are calculated by using FTCS method after discretization on the Black-Scholes model. The value of call option was obtained as $1.457695030014260 and the put option value was obtained as $1.476925604670225.","PeriodicalId":359074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fundamental Mathematics and Applications (JFMA)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122426551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.14710/jfma.v4i1.10197
J. Czajko
The special theory of relativity (STR) is operationally expanded onto orthogonal accelerations: normal and binormal that complement the instantaneous tangential speed and thus can be structurally extended into operationally complete 4D spacetime without defying the STR. Thus the former classic Lorentz factor, which defines proper time differential can be expanded onto within a trihedron moving in the Frenet frame (T,N,B). Since the tangential speed which was formerly assumed as being always constant, expands onto effective normal and binormal speeds ensuing from the normal and binormal accelerations, the expanded formula conforms to the former Lorentz factor. The obvious though previously overlooked fact that in order to change an initial speed one must apply accelerations (or decelerations, which are reverse accelerations), made the Einstein’s STR incomplete for it did not apply to nongravitational selfpropelled motion. Like a toy car lacking accelerator pedal, the STR could drive nowhere. Yet some scientists were teaching for over 115 years that the incomplete STR is just fine by pretending that gravity should take care of the absent accelerator. But gravity could not drive cars along even surface of earth. Gravity could only pull the car down along with the physics that peddled the nonsense while suppressing attempts at its rectification. The expanded formula neither defies the STR nor the general theory of relativity (GTR) which is just radial theory of gravitation. In fact, the expanded formula complements the STR and thus it supplements the GTR too. The famous Hafele-Keating experiments virtually confirmed the validity of the expanded formula proposed here.
{"title":"MATHEMATICAL EXPANSION OF SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY ONTO ACCELERATIONS","authors":"J. Czajko","doi":"10.14710/jfma.v4i1.10197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jfma.v4i1.10197","url":null,"abstract":"The special theory of relativity (STR) is operationally expanded onto orthogonal accelerations: normal and binormal that complement the instantaneous tangential speed and thus can be structurally extended into operationally complete 4D spacetime without defying the STR. Thus the former classic Lorentz factor, which defines proper time differential can be expanded onto within a trihedron moving in the Frenet frame (T,N,B). Since the tangential speed which was formerly assumed as being always constant, expands onto effective normal and binormal speeds ensuing from the normal and binormal accelerations, the expanded formula conforms to the former Lorentz factor. The obvious though previously overlooked fact that in order to change an initial speed one must apply accelerations (or decelerations, which are reverse accelerations), made the Einstein’s STR incomplete for it did not apply to nongravitational selfpropelled motion. Like a toy car lacking accelerator pedal, the STR could drive nowhere. Yet some scientists were teaching for over 115 years that the incomplete STR is just fine by pretending that gravity should take care of the absent accelerator. But gravity could not drive cars along even surface of earth. Gravity could only pull the car down along with the physics that peddled the nonsense while suppressing attempts at its rectification. The expanded formula neither defies the STR nor the general theory of relativity (GTR) which is just radial theory of gravitation. In fact, the expanded formula complements the STR and thus it supplements the GTR too. The famous Hafele-Keating experiments virtually confirmed the validity of the expanded formula proposed here.","PeriodicalId":359074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fundamental Mathematics and Applications (JFMA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125845661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.14710/jfma.v4i1.10653
S. E. Setiawan, M. Yunus
This paper discusses cone polygonal metric spaces. We analyze some characteristics derived from convergence and Cauchyness of sequences. Our result consists of some conditions on uniqueness of limit point and completeness in cone polygonal metric spaces.
{"title":"CONDITIONS ON UNIQUENESS OF LIMIT POINT AND COMPLETENESS IN CONE POLYGONAL METRIC SPACES","authors":"S. E. Setiawan, M. Yunus","doi":"10.14710/jfma.v4i1.10653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jfma.v4i1.10653","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses cone polygonal metric spaces. We analyze some characteristics derived from convergence and Cauchyness of sequences. Our result consists of some conditions on uniqueness of limit point and completeness in cone polygonal metric spaces.","PeriodicalId":359074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fundamental Mathematics and Applications (JFMA)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132786811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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