Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.15486.95044
C. Andara
espanolEl cocuy de penca es una bebida alcoholica autoctona del territorio venezolano, producida a partir de la planta Agave Cocui Trelease y considerada como patrimonio natural, ancestral y cultural de la nacion, siendo un destilado que ha cobrado relevancia en el mercado en los ultimos anos debido a sus caracteristicas sensoriales particulares. La investigacion tuvo como finalidad establecer las propiedades organolepticas del Cocuy de Penca producido en el Estado Lara. Para ello se seleccionaron ocho muestras provenientes de diferentes parroquias de dicho Estado; se definen los descriptores sensoriales, se disenaron las encuestas, se realiza la seleccion del panel del jurado y acondicionamiento del entorno para la degustacion, se preparan las muestras y por ultimo, se realiza el analisis sensorial. Como resultado se obtiene que el perfil organoleptico de las muestras de cocuy larense esta conformado por dos descriptores para el analisis visual, veinte para el olfativo y dieciocho para el gustativo. EnglishCocuy de penca is an indigenous alcoholic beverage of the Venezuelan territory, produced from the Agave Cocui Trelease plant and considered as natural, ancestral and cultural heritage of the nation, being a distillate that has gained relevance in the market in recent years due to their particular sensory characteristics. The purpose of the research was to establish the organoleptic properties of the Cocuy de Penca produced in Lara. For this, eight samples from different parishes were selected; subsequently, the study had the following order: definition of the sensory descriptors, construction of the survey, selection of the panel of juries, conditioning of the environment for the tasting, preparation of the samples and, finally, sensory analysis. Obtaining that the organoleptic profile of the samples of Cocuy larense make it up two descriptors for visual analysis, twenty for olfactory and eighteen for gustatory.
espanolEl cocuy绝望的是委内瑞拉领土哼哼两声alcoholica提供autoctona制作龙舌兰植物起Cocui Trelease和视为祖先的自然和文化遗产,nacion馏分关联度丧命这些年来在市场因其个别caracteristicas感官。本研究的目的是确定在劳拉州生产的Penca Cocuy的感官特性。为此，我们从该州不同的教区中选择了8个样本;定义感官描述符，设计调查，选择评审团和调节品尝环境，准备样品，最后进行感官分析。本研究的目的是分析在巴西东北部的cocuy larense和巴西东北部的cocuy larense两种不同的感官特征。绝望的EnglishCocuy is an indigenous alcoholic beverage of the Venezuelan territory,生产的from the龙舌兰Cocui Trelease plant and牢房的祖先的自然和文化遗产of the nation, being a distillate that has been真相的in the market in近年来由于其特别是sensory分离器。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为。为此，我们选择了来自不同地区的8个样本;随后，研究的顺序如下:感官描述符的定义、调查的构建、评审团的选择、品尝环境的条件、样品的制备以及感官分析。Obtaining that the organoleptic profile of the samples of Cocuy larense make it up two descriptors for visual analysis,的的for olfactory and for gustatory。
{"title":"Perfil organoléptico del Cocuy de Penca producido en el Estado Lara Venezuela","authors":"C. Andara","doi":"10.13140/RG.2.2.15486.95044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15486.95044","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl cocuy de penca es una bebida alcoholica autoctona del territorio venezolano, producida a partir de la planta Agave Cocui Trelease y considerada como patrimonio natural, ancestral y cultural de la nacion, siendo un destilado que ha cobrado relevancia en el mercado en los ultimos anos debido a sus caracteristicas sensoriales particulares. La investigacion tuvo como finalidad establecer las propiedades organolepticas del Cocuy de Penca producido en el Estado Lara. Para ello se seleccionaron ocho muestras provenientes de diferentes parroquias de dicho Estado; se definen los descriptores sensoriales, se disenaron las encuestas, se realiza la seleccion del panel del jurado y acondicionamiento del entorno para la degustacion, se preparan las muestras y por ultimo, se realiza el analisis sensorial. Como resultado se obtiene que el perfil organoleptico de las muestras de cocuy larense esta conformado por dos descriptores para el analisis visual, veinte para el olfativo y dieciocho para el gustativo. EnglishCocuy de penca is an indigenous alcoholic beverage of the Venezuelan territory, produced from the Agave Cocui Trelease plant and considered as natural, ancestral and cultural heritage of the nation, being a distillate that has gained relevance in the market in recent years due to their particular sensory characteristics. The purpose of the research was to establish the organoleptic properties of the Cocuy de Penca produced in Lara. For this, eight samples from different parishes were selected; subsequently, the study had the following order: definition of the sensory descriptors, construction of the survey, selection of the panel of juries, conditioning of the environment for the tasting, preparation of the samples and, finally, sensory analysis. Obtaining that the organoleptic profile of the samples of Cocuy larense make it up two descriptors for visual analysis, twenty for olfactory and eighteen for gustatory.","PeriodicalId":359194,"journal":{"name":"Publicaciones en Ciencias y Tecnología","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129903924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.21791.51361
Angel Alfredo Osorio-Oviedo
espanolLa evaluacion sensorial para la industria de alimentos es una actividad clave en el desarrollo de productos que permite conocer expectativas y necesidades de los consumidores, por ello, aplicar pruebas sensoriales permite construir un perfil de un cereal ganador en el mercado. Esta investigacion presenta un analisis de diversos metodos de pruebas sensoriales aplicados en las empresas manufactureras de cereales infantiles a base de trigo en Venezuela. Se empleo una muestra de doce empresas y un panel sensorial de cuarenta consumidores. Se realizo un estudio comparativo entre las pruebas sensoriales discriminatorias, afectivas y descriptivas; ademas de una correlacion entre el tipo de prueba empleada y la aceptacion del consumidor, empleando analisis estadistico descriptivo. Las pruebas afectivas ocupan un 42% de aplicacion en las empresas a nivel nacional, el 32% emplean pruebas discriminativas y 26% corresponde a pruebas descriptivas. Al correlacionar el tipo prueba y la aceptacion del consumidor se obtuvo que las empresas que emplean pruebas discriminativas, afectivas y descriptivas obtienen un producto que cumple con las expectativas del consumidor, y en la medida que dejan de aplicar estas pruebas, los productos resultan menos atractivos para el consumidor. EnglishSensory evaluation for the food industry is a key activity in the development of products that allows us to know the expectations and needs of consumers; therefore, applying sensory tests allows us to build a profile of a winning cereal in the market. This research presents an analysis of various sensory testing methods applied in the manufacturing of wheat-based infant cereals in Venezuela. A sample of twelve companies and a sensory panel of forty consumers were used. A comparative study was carried out between the discriminatory, affective and descriptive sensory tests; in addition to a correlation between the type of test used and consumer acceptance, using descriptive statistical analysis. Affective tests occupy 42% of application in companies nationwide, 32% use discriminatory tests and 26% correspond to descriptive tests. By correlating the test type and consumer acceptance, it was found that companies that use discriminatory, affective and descriptive tests obtain a product that meets consumer expectations, and as they stop applying these tests, the products are less attractive for the consumer. Keywords: Acceptability; formulation; wheat-based cereals; sensory testing.
{"title":"Pruebas de análisis sensorial para el desarrollo de productos de cereales infantiles en Venezuela","authors":"Angel Alfredo Osorio-Oviedo","doi":"10.13140/RG.2.2.21791.51361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21791.51361","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa evaluacion sensorial para la industria de alimentos es una actividad clave en el desarrollo de productos que permite conocer expectativas y necesidades de los consumidores, por ello, aplicar pruebas sensoriales permite construir un perfil de un cereal ganador en el mercado. Esta investigacion presenta un analisis de diversos metodos de pruebas sensoriales aplicados en las empresas manufactureras de cereales infantiles a base de trigo en Venezuela. Se empleo una muestra de doce empresas y un panel sensorial de cuarenta consumidores. Se realizo un estudio comparativo entre las pruebas sensoriales discriminatorias, afectivas y descriptivas; ademas de una correlacion entre el tipo de prueba empleada y la aceptacion del consumidor, empleando analisis estadistico descriptivo. Las pruebas afectivas ocupan un 42% de aplicacion en las empresas a nivel nacional, el 32% emplean pruebas discriminativas y 26% corresponde a pruebas descriptivas. Al correlacionar el tipo prueba y la aceptacion del consumidor se obtuvo que las empresas que emplean pruebas discriminativas, afectivas y descriptivas obtienen un producto que cumple con las expectativas del consumidor, y en la medida que dejan de aplicar estas pruebas, los productos resultan menos atractivos para el consumidor. EnglishSensory evaluation for the food industry is a key activity in the development of products that allows us to know the expectations and needs of consumers; therefore, applying sensory tests allows us to build a profile of a winning cereal in the market. This research presents an analysis of various sensory testing methods applied in the manufacturing of wheat-based infant cereals in Venezuela. A sample of twelve companies and a sensory panel of forty consumers were used. A comparative study was carried out between the discriminatory, affective and descriptive sensory tests; in addition to a correlation between the type of test used and consumer acceptance, using descriptive statistical analysis. Affective tests occupy 42% of application in companies nationwide, 32% use discriminatory tests and 26% correspond to descriptive tests. By correlating the test type and consumer acceptance, it was found that companies that use discriminatory, affective and descriptive tests obtain a product that meets consumer expectations, and as they stop applying these tests, the products are less attractive for the consumer. Keywords: Acceptability; formulation; wheat-based cereals; sensory testing.","PeriodicalId":359194,"journal":{"name":"Publicaciones en Ciencias y Tecnología","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128785814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.14346.70083
R. Pérez, William Herrera
espanolLas ciudades latinoamericanas se han extendido en las ultimas tres decadas provocando mayor necesidad de movilidad y transporte de masas de personas, siendo pilar en el desarrollo economico y social de las principales ciudades; sin embargo traen consigo efectos negativos. El presente trabajo identifica y describe estos efectos no deseados en la sociedad y en el ambiente en paises latinoamericanos, mediante un trabajo documental-descriptivo, apoyado en la revision de literatura sobre movilidad y sistemas de transporte de las principales ciudades latinoamericanas, ademas de la revision de datos publicados por la OLADE, OMS y CAF para cada efecto no deseado a considerar. Como resultado se tiene que apenas un 0,43% del total de vias son para la circulacion de ciclistas y peatones; el autobus es el principal modo de transporte; la mayor cantidad de viajes diarios son realizados en transporte publico, el mayor consumo energetico y emision de CO2 es atribuido al transporte individual y el 69% de los accidentes provocados por transporte ocurren en entornos urbanos. Ademas, el metro es el de menor impacto negativo en lo social y ambiental. Las altas tasas de fallecidos por accidentes viales y alto consumo de energia electrica representan los impactos mas importantes ocasionados por los sistemas de transporte publico. EnglishLatin American cities have spread in the last three decades causing greater need for mobility and transportation of masses of people, being a pillar in the economic and social development of the main cities; however they bring with them negative effects. The present work identifies and describes these negative effects on society and the environment in Latin American countries, through a descriptive-documentary work, supported by the literature review on mobility and transport systems of the main Latin American cities, in addition to the review of data published by OLADE, WHO and CAF for each unwanted effect to consider. As a result, only 0.43% of the total roads are for the circulation of cyclists and pedestrians; the bus is the main mode of transportation; the largest numbers of daily trips are made by public transport, the highest energy consumption and CO2 emission is attributed to individual transport, and 69% of transport accidents occur in urban settings. The subway is the one with least negative social and environmental impact. The high death rates from road accidents and high consumption of electrical energy represent the most important impacts caused by public transport systems.
西班牙和拉丁美洲的城市在过去三十年中不断扩大，导致对人口流动和运输的需求增加，成为主要城市经济和社会发展的支柱;然而，它们也有负面影响。本工作并描述了这些意外的影响和社会氛围在拉丁美洲国家,通过documental-descriptivo,倚在订正文学工作调动和美洲各主要城市运输系统公布的数据订正,此外拉丁美洲能源组织、世卫组织和安第斯开发公司为每个效果不考虑的。因此，只有0.43%的道路是自行车和行人通行的;公共汽车是主要的交通工具;每天最多的出行是乘坐公共交通工具，最大的能源消耗和二氧化碳排放归因于个人交通工具，69%的交通事故发生在城市环境中。此外，地铁对社会和环境的负面影响最小。道路事故造成的高死亡率和电力消耗是公共交通系统造成的最重要影响。英语拉丁美洲城市在过去三十年中不断扩大，对人口流动和运输的需求日益增加，成为主要城市经济和社会发展的支柱;然而，它们带来了负面影响。目前work identifies and描述这些消极effects on society and The environment in Latin American countries,通过descriptive-documentary work, soa文献review on mobility and transport systems of The main拉丁美洲城市,published in addition to The review of data by拉丁美洲能源组织、世界卫生组织和CAF for每unwanted effect考虑。因此，只有0.43%的道路是自行车和行人通行的;公共汽车是主要的交通方式;每天出行最多的是公共交通，最高的能源消耗和二氧化碳排放归因于个人交通，69%的交通事故发生在城市环境中。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该县的总面积为，其中土地和(3.064平方公里)水。道路事故造成的高死亡率和电力消耗是公共交通系统造成的最重要影响。
{"title":"Impacto de los sistemas de transporte público latinoamericanos en la movilidad urbana y en el ambiente","authors":"R. Pérez, William Herrera","doi":"10.13140/RG.2.2.14346.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.14346.70083","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLas ciudades latinoamericanas se han extendido en las ultimas tres decadas provocando mayor necesidad de movilidad y transporte de masas de personas, siendo pilar en el desarrollo economico y social de las principales ciudades; sin embargo traen consigo efectos negativos. El presente trabajo identifica y describe estos efectos no deseados en la sociedad y en el ambiente en paises latinoamericanos, mediante un trabajo documental-descriptivo, apoyado en la revision de literatura sobre movilidad y sistemas de transporte de las principales ciudades latinoamericanas, ademas de la revision de datos publicados por la OLADE, OMS y CAF para cada efecto no deseado a considerar. Como resultado se tiene que apenas un 0,43% del total de vias son para la circulacion de ciclistas y peatones; el autobus es el principal modo de transporte; la mayor cantidad de viajes diarios son realizados en transporte publico, el mayor consumo energetico y emision de CO2 es atribuido al transporte individual y el 69% de los accidentes provocados por transporte ocurren en entornos urbanos. Ademas, el metro es el de menor impacto negativo en lo social y ambiental. Las altas tasas de fallecidos por accidentes viales y alto consumo de energia electrica representan los impactos mas importantes ocasionados por los sistemas de transporte publico. EnglishLatin American cities have spread in the last three decades causing greater need for mobility and transportation of masses of people, being a pillar in the economic and social development of the main cities; however they bring with them negative effects. The present work identifies and describes these negative effects on society and the environment in Latin American countries, through a descriptive-documentary work, supported by the literature review on mobility and transport systems of the main Latin American cities, in addition to the review of data published by OLADE, WHO and CAF for each unwanted effect to consider. As a result, only 0.43% of the total roads are for the circulation of cyclists and pedestrians; the bus is the main mode of transportation; the largest numbers of daily trips are made by public transport, the highest energy consumption and CO2 emission is attributed to individual transport, and 69% of transport accidents occur in urban settings. The subway is the one with least negative social and environmental impact. The high death rates from road accidents and high consumption of electrical energy represent the most important impacts caused by public transport systems.","PeriodicalId":359194,"journal":{"name":"Publicaciones en Ciencias y Tecnología","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130630976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.23031.98721
Carmen Luisa Vásquez Stanescu
Research is a process, that is, a sequence of steps in the search for knowledge, within the field of science and technology. This is responsible for raising questions, giving them answers and, finally, making the results public. For those who do, millions of men and women of the world, a career of vocation and dedication, in the search of updating knowledge and achieving the desired development of society. Why do they do it? It has different answers. Some of the answers have been raised in your search. This invites to navigate in turbulent waters, which demands skills, skills and qualities, such as perseverance and tenacity. It is hard work and, generally, with long-term results. But all the suffering vanishes before the emotion of a conclusive experiment, the completion of a project and a published article. At the end of the day it is worth it since you have gained a new knowledge. However, this process is a cycle and the researcher will always consider new projects and challenges.
{"title":"Editorial: Resguardo de patrimonio intelectual de la humanidad","authors":"Carmen Luisa Vásquez Stanescu","doi":"10.13140/RG.2.2.23031.98721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23031.98721","url":null,"abstract":"Research is a process, that is, a sequence of steps in the search for knowledge, within the field of science and technology. This is responsible for raising questions, giving them answers and, finally, making the results public. For those who do, millions of men and women of the world, a career of vocation and dedication, in the search of updating knowledge and achieving the desired development of society. Why do they do it? It has different answers. Some of the answers have been raised in your search. This invites to navigate in turbulent waters, which demands skills, skills and qualities, such as perseverance and tenacity. It is hard work and, generally, with long-term results. But all the suffering vanishes before the emotion of a conclusive experiment, the completion of a project and a published article. At the end of the day it is worth it since you have gained a new knowledge. However, this process is a cycle and the researcher will always consider new projects and challenges.","PeriodicalId":359194,"journal":{"name":"Publicaciones en Ciencias y Tecnología","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123544206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.21301.83684
Marcos Antonio Muñoz Pinto, Sonia Piña, Pedro Grima Gallardo, Gerzon Eusebio Delgado Arciniegas
espanolLos lingotes de CuTaAlSe3 y CuTaGaSe3 se sintetizaron usando la tecnica de fusion y recocido. Se usaron tecnicas de difraccion de Rayos X (DRX) y Analisis Termico Diferencial (ATD) para la caracterizacion de las aleaciones. El analisis del patron de difraccion indica que ambas muestras estan compuestas por dos fases: la fase promedio indexada como una estructura hexagonal y la fase secundaria indexada como una estructura tetragonal de tipo calcopirita. De la forma de los picos del ATD para las aleaciones CuTaAlSe3 y CuTaGaSe3 se deduce que la fusion es incongruente para ambos materiales de valor ~ 1348K y ~ 1235K, respectivamente. Palabras clave: EnglishThe ingots of CuTaAlSe3 and CuTaGaSe3 were synthesized using the melt and annealing technique. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) techniques were used for characterization of the alloy. The analysis of the diffraction pattern indicates that both samples are composed of two phases; the mean phase indexes as a hexagonal structure, whereas the second phase indexes as a tetragonal chalcopyrite-like structure. From the shape of the DTA peaks for the CuTaAlSe3 and CuTaGaSe3 alloys, was deduced that the melting is incongruent for both materials, the value of ~1348K and ~1235K, respectively.
采用熔融退火技术合成了CuTaAlSe3和CuTaGaSe3锭。采用X射线衍射(xrd)和差热分析(dta)技术对合金进行了表征。衍射模式分析表明，两种样品均由两种相组成:以六角形结构为指标的平均相和以四方黄铜矿结构为指标的二次相。从CuTaAlSe3和CuTaGaSe3合金的ATD峰的形状可以看出，这两种材料的熔合值分别为~ 1348K和~ 1235K。CuTaAlSe3和CuTaGaSe3的ingots是用熔融退火技术合成的。采用x射线衍射(XRD)和差热分析(DTA)技术对合金进行了表征。对衍射模式的分析表明，两种样品均由两相组成;= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为。From the shape of the DTA peaks for the CuTaAlSe3 and was CuTaGaSe3合金,deduced that the melting is incongruent for both materials, the value of ~ 1348K and ~ 1235K, respectively。
{"title":"Síntesis y caracterización de las aleaciones cuaternarias CuTaAlSe3 y CuTaGaSe3","authors":"Marcos Antonio Muñoz Pinto, Sonia Piña, Pedro Grima Gallardo, Gerzon Eusebio Delgado Arciniegas","doi":"10.13140/RG.2.2.21301.83684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21301.83684","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLos lingotes de CuTaAlSe3 y CuTaGaSe3 se sintetizaron usando la tecnica de fusion y recocido. Se usaron tecnicas de difraccion de Rayos X (DRX) y Analisis Termico Diferencial (ATD) para la caracterizacion de las aleaciones. El analisis del patron de difraccion indica que ambas muestras estan compuestas por dos fases: la fase promedio indexada como una estructura hexagonal y la fase secundaria indexada como una estructura tetragonal de tipo calcopirita. De la forma de los picos del ATD para las aleaciones CuTaAlSe3 y CuTaGaSe3 se deduce que la fusion es incongruente para ambos materiales de valor ~ 1348K y ~ 1235K, respectivamente. Palabras clave: EnglishThe ingots of CuTaAlSe3 and CuTaGaSe3 were synthesized using the melt and annealing technique. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) techniques were used for characterization of the alloy. The analysis of the diffraction pattern indicates that both samples are composed of two phases; the mean phase indexes as a hexagonal structure, whereas the second phase indexes as a tetragonal chalcopyrite-like structure. From the shape of the DTA peaks for the CuTaAlSe3 and CuTaGaSe3 alloys, was deduced that the melting is incongruent for both materials, the value of ~1348K and ~1235K, respectively.","PeriodicalId":359194,"journal":{"name":"Publicaciones en Ciencias y Tecnología","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127854318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.15226.64965
R. Pérez, W. Osal
espanolPara alcanzar el Objetivo del Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), la produccion de electricidad a base de energias limpias es uno de los medios para alcanzarlo. Al usar combustibles fosiles se tienen como subproductos las emisiones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEI), causantes de los cambios climaticos. Antes de implementar medidas para reducir las emisiones debe estimarse su valor actual. El objetivo es estimar las emisiones de GEI por generacion de electricidad en usuarios no residenciales de Venezuela para el periodo 2006-2017, ambos inclusive, que cuenten o no con autogeneracion y tengan suministro de energia por parte de la empresa electrica venezolana Corporacion Electrica Nacional (CORPOELEC). La metodologia empleada sigue las directrices del IPCC2006. Para el trabajo se utilizan los factores de emision, la energia electrica suministrada por CORPOELEC y la autogenerada, y los tipos de combustibles para autogeneracion. Los datos publicados por la Organizacion Latinoamericana de Energia (OLADE) de factores de emision solo se tienen hasta el 2015, para los anos 2016 y 2017 se estiman con funcion de regresion de numeros cuadrados. La cuantificacion de las emisiones sirve de apoyo a la toma de decisiones para la inversion en planes para alcanzar los ODS del 2030. EnglishThe Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) is being pursued with the production of electricity based in clean energy. When using fossil fuels, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, which cause climate changes, are by-products. Before implementing measures to reduce emissions, its current value must be estimated. The present paper, we estimated GHG for the generation of electricity in non-residential users in Venezuela for the period 2006-2017, both inclusive, whether or not they have self-generation and have the energy supply by electric company Corporacion Electrica Nacional (CORPOELEC). The methodology used follows the guidelines of the IPCC (2006). For this work is used: emissions factors, electric energy supplied by CORPOELEC and self-generated and types of fuels for self-generation. The data published by the Organizacion Latinoamericana de Energia (OLADE) of emissions factors are only found until 2015, for the years 2016 and 2017; its projection based on regression of square numbers. The quantification of emissions is highlighted and serves as a support to decision-making for investment in plans to achieve the 2030 SDG’s.
{"title":"Gases de efecto invernadero por generación de electricidad en usuarios no residenciales de Venezuela 2006-2017","authors":"R. Pérez, W. Osal","doi":"10.13140/RG.2.2.15226.64965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15226.64965","url":null,"abstract":"espanolPara alcanzar el Objetivo del Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), la produccion de electricidad a base de energias limpias es uno de los medios para alcanzarlo. Al usar combustibles fosiles se tienen como subproductos las emisiones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEI), causantes de los cambios climaticos. Antes de implementar medidas para reducir las emisiones debe estimarse su valor actual. El objetivo es estimar las emisiones de GEI por generacion de electricidad en usuarios no residenciales de Venezuela para el periodo 2006-2017, ambos inclusive, que cuenten o no con autogeneracion y tengan suministro de energia por parte de la empresa electrica venezolana Corporacion Electrica Nacional (CORPOELEC). La metodologia empleada sigue las directrices del IPCC2006. Para el trabajo se utilizan los factores de emision, la energia electrica suministrada por CORPOELEC y la autogenerada, y los tipos de combustibles para autogeneracion. Los datos publicados por la Organizacion Latinoamericana de Energia (OLADE) de factores de emision solo se tienen hasta el 2015, para los anos 2016 y 2017 se estiman con funcion de regresion de numeros cuadrados. La cuantificacion de las emisiones sirve de apoyo a la toma de decisiones para la inversion en planes para alcanzar los ODS del 2030. EnglishThe Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) is being pursued with the production of electricity based in clean energy. When using fossil fuels, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, which cause climate changes, are by-products. Before implementing measures to reduce emissions, its current value must be estimated. The present paper, we estimated GHG for the generation of electricity in non-residential users in Venezuela for the period 2006-2017, both inclusive, whether or not they have self-generation and have the energy supply by electric company Corporacion Electrica Nacional (CORPOELEC). The methodology used follows the guidelines of the IPCC (2006). For this work is used: emissions factors, electric energy supplied by CORPOELEC and self-generated and types of fuels for self-generation. The data published by the Organizacion Latinoamericana de Energia (OLADE) of emissions factors are only found until 2015, for the years 2016 and 2017; its projection based on regression of square numbers. The quantification of emissions is highlighted and serves as a support to decision-making for investment in plans to achieve the 2030 SDG’s.","PeriodicalId":359194,"journal":{"name":"Publicaciones en Ciencias y Tecnología","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114910897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.20161.51046
Livino Manuel Armijos Toro, F. Sánchez
espanolEn este trabajo se aborda el problema de la conformacion de equipos de trabajo de la manera mas diversa posible, ya que esta demostrado que los equipos de trabajo diversos, funcional y demograficamente, son mas eficientes para resolver problemas. Para ello se adapta un modelo matematico de optimizacion combinatoria que pertenece a la clase de los problemas de diversidad maxima, y se disena un algoritmo basado en la metaheuristica GRASP que resulto eficiente para resolverlo. Dentro del estudio de la metaheuristica se esquematiza un algoritmo de solucion para este tipo de problemas de optimizacion combinatoria de tipo fuertemente np-duro, especificamente para determinar la conformacion de equipos de encuestadores que realizan levantamiento de datos para distintas encuestas que elabora el Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Censos del Ecuador. EnglishThis paper addresses the problem of forming work teams in the most diverse way possible, given that it is demonstrated that work teams that are diverse, functionally and demographically, are more efficient in solving problems. For this purpose, we adapted an optimization model to a maximum diversity problem, with the creation of an algorithm based on GRASP metaheuristics this was efficient. In the investigation, a solution algorithm is proposed for this case of combinatorial optimization problem, it is type of strongly np-hard, the algorithm was used specifically for the conformation of survey teams, they collect data for different surveys prepared by the National Institute of Statistics and Census of Ecuador.
{"title":"Algoritmo basado en metaheurística GRASP para resolver el problema de la diversidad máxima aplicado en la conformación de equipos de trabajo","authors":"Livino Manuel Armijos Toro, F. Sánchez","doi":"10.13140/RG.2.2.20161.51046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20161.51046","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn este trabajo se aborda el problema de la conformacion de equipos de trabajo de la manera mas diversa posible, ya que esta demostrado que los equipos de trabajo diversos, funcional y demograficamente, son mas eficientes para resolver problemas. Para ello se adapta un modelo matematico de optimizacion combinatoria que pertenece a la clase de los problemas de diversidad maxima, y se disena un algoritmo basado en la metaheuristica GRASP que resulto eficiente para resolverlo. Dentro del estudio de la metaheuristica se esquematiza un algoritmo de solucion para este tipo de problemas de optimizacion combinatoria de tipo fuertemente np-duro, especificamente para determinar la conformacion de equipos de encuestadores que realizan levantamiento de datos para distintas encuestas que elabora el Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Censos del Ecuador. EnglishThis paper addresses the problem of forming work teams in the most diverse way possible, given that it is demonstrated that work teams that are diverse, functionally and demographically, are more efficient in solving problems. For this purpose, we adapted an optimization model to a maximum diversity problem, with the creation of an algorithm based on GRASP metaheuristics this was efficient. In the investigation, a solution algorithm is proposed for this case of combinatorial optimization problem, it is type of strongly np-hard, the algorithm was used specifically for the conformation of survey teams, they collect data for different surveys prepared by the National Institute of Statistics and Census of Ecuador.","PeriodicalId":359194,"journal":{"name":"Publicaciones en Ciencias y Tecnología","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123892942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.19956.71044
Angel Alfredo Osorio-Oviedo
espanolLa eficiencia tecnica para la industria de cereales se logra cuando se produce lo maximo posible a partir de los insumos disponibles. Se presenta un analisis de eficiencia a traves de la aplicacion del Analisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA) a once (11) mercados de cereales en America para los rubros de maiz, arroz y trigo con la finalidad de determinar la eficiencia tecnica en cuanto a la proyeccion o crecimiento de cada uno ellos en la bolsa de cereales a partir de las variables produccion de cereales, rendimiento y exportaciones. Se usan los indicadores del Banco Mundial a fin de relacionar el factor agricola de los paises en funcion del crecimiento economico global. Se obtiene que los paises con una eficiencia alta (100%) son Bolivia, Brasil, Costa Rica y Republica Dominicana, siendo mercados con volumenes de produccion menor a 30MM. Respecto a EEUU y Argentina presentaron eficiencia tecnica de 86,8% y 39,3% respectivamente; y Chile un 4,2%. Las variables mas representativas en este analisis de eficiencia tecnica son la produccion de cereales (64%) seguida por las exportaciones (24%). EnglishThe technical efficiency for the cereal industry is conceived as an achievement when it is produced or obtained as much as possible from the available inputs. Efficiency analysis is presented through the application of Data Envelopment Analysis to eleven (11) markets of cereals in America for the corn, rice and wheat sectors in order to determine the technical efficiency in terms of projection or growth of each of them in the grain bag from cereal production, yield and exports. The indicators of the World Bank are used, where the agricultural factor of all the countries is related to global economic growth. It is obtained that the countries with high efficiency (100%) are Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, and the Dominican Republic, being markets with production volumes less than 30MM. This analysis shows that the technical efficiency of the countries that are leaders in the grain market such as the US and Argentina are not technically efficient, presenting values of 86.8% and 39.3% respectively; and Chile with 4.2%. The most representative variables within technical efficiency are cereal production (64%) followed by exports (24%).
西班牙谷物工业的技术效率是在最大限度地利用现有投入生产时实现的。效率提出了一个分析成败得失《数据分析环境管理局(谷物)市场十一(11)在美国以玉米、大米和小麦项目则以确定效率技术至于proyeccion或增长,每个人在谷物交易所从谷物、性能和出口的变量。世界银行的指标用于将各国的农业因素与全球经济增长联系起来。我们发现效率高(100%)的国家是玻利维亚、巴西、哥斯达黎加和多米尼加共和国，这些市场的产量低于30毫米。美国和阿根廷的技术效率分别为86.8%和39.3%;智利为4.2%。在技术效率分析中，最具代表性的变量是谷物生产(64%)，其次是出口(24%)。粮食工业的技术效率被认为是一项成就，当它的生产或获得尽可能多的现有投入。效率analysis is介绍through the application of Data Envelopment analysis to - 11(11)市场of camara in America for the玉米、大米和小麦部门方面,以便确定技术效率in terms of projection or growth of每of them in the grain bag from米粒production, yield and出口。使用世界银行的指标，其中所有国家的农业因素都与全球经济增长有关。据了解，效率高(100%)的国家为玻利维亚、巴西、哥斯达黎加和多米尼加共和国，是产量小于30毫米的市场。该分析表明，美国和阿根廷等粮食市场领先国家的技术效率在技术上并不有效，分别为86.8%和39.3%;= =地理根据美国人口普查局的数据，该县的总面积为，其中土地和(0.3%)水。技术效率中最具代表性的变量是粮食生产(64%)，其次是出口(24%)。
{"title":"Evaluación de la eficiencia del crecimiento de la industria de cereales en América aplicando análisis envolvente de datos","authors":"Angel Alfredo Osorio-Oviedo","doi":"10.13140/RG.2.2.19956.71044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19956.71044","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa eficiencia tecnica para la industria de cereales se logra cuando se produce lo maximo posible a partir de los insumos disponibles. Se presenta un analisis de eficiencia a traves de la aplicacion del Analisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA) a once (11) mercados de cereales en America para los rubros de maiz, arroz y trigo con la finalidad de determinar la eficiencia tecnica en cuanto a la proyeccion o crecimiento de cada uno ellos en la bolsa de cereales a partir de las variables produccion de cereales, rendimiento y exportaciones. Se usan los indicadores del Banco Mundial a fin de relacionar el factor agricola de los paises en funcion del crecimiento economico global. Se obtiene que los paises con una eficiencia alta (100%) son Bolivia, Brasil, Costa Rica y Republica Dominicana, siendo mercados con volumenes de produccion menor a 30MM. Respecto a EEUU y Argentina presentaron eficiencia tecnica de 86,8% y 39,3% respectivamente; y Chile un 4,2%. Las variables mas representativas en este analisis de eficiencia tecnica son la produccion de cereales (64%) seguida por las exportaciones (24%). EnglishThe technical efficiency for the cereal industry is conceived as an achievement when it is produced or obtained as much as possible from the available inputs. Efficiency analysis is presented through the application of Data Envelopment Analysis to eleven (11) markets of cereals in America for the corn, rice and wheat sectors in order to determine the technical efficiency in terms of projection or growth of each of them in the grain bag from cereal production, yield and exports. The indicators of the World Bank are used, where the agricultural factor of all the countries is related to global economic growth. It is obtained that the countries with high efficiency (100%) are Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, and the Dominican Republic, being markets with production volumes less than 30MM. This analysis shows that the technical efficiency of the countries that are leaders in the grain market such as the US and Argentina are not technically efficient, presenting values of 86.8% and 39.3% respectively; and Chile with 4.2%. The most representative variables within technical efficiency are cereal production (64%) followed by exports (24%).","PeriodicalId":359194,"journal":{"name":"Publicaciones en Ciencias y Tecnología","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123140477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.27114.88005
Carmen Luisa Vásquez Stanescu, R. Pérez, Rodrigo Ramírez-Pisco
espanolEl ingeniero electricista Nikola Tesla es uno de los cientificos que mas importantes aportes hizo para el desarrollo de la ciencia y la tecnologia electrica en los ultimos 100 anos. Durante sus 86 anos de vida, la mayoria como residente de USA, los dedica a temas tan diversos como la electricidad y el electromagnetismo, entre otros, adelantandose en varias decadas a la fisica de su tiempo. Se le considera el padre de la corriente alterna, con patentes otorgadas, algunas de ellas posterior a su muerte. Su vida es fascinante, no solo por sus inventos sino por las historias y relatos que le rodean. Protagoniza el famoso periodo conocido como la Batalla de las Corrientes, cuyo oponente fue el reconocido Thomas Alva Edison, entorno que ha servido de guion a diversos documentales y peliculas. El presente trabajo tiene como proposito describir parte de su historia y, especialmente, de este famoso periodo. Esperamos que los lectores se encuentren tan fascinados con la vida y obra de este personaje, como muchos quienes lo estamos al apreciar el invaluable legado de sus desarrollos tecnologicos. EnglishThe electrical engineer Nikola Tesla is one of the scientists who made the most important contributions to the development of electrical science and technology in the last 100 years. During its 86 years of life, the majority as a resident of the USA, dedicates them to subjects as diverse as electricity and electromagnetism, among others, anticipating in several decades the physics of their time. He is considered the father of alternating electricity flow, with granted patents, some of them after his death. His life is fascinating, not only for his inventions but for the stories and stories that surround him. It stars in the famous period known as the Battle of the Electricity flow, whose opponent was the renowned Thomas Alva Edison, an environment that has served as a script for various documentaries and films. The purpose of this paper is to describe part of its history and, especially, of this famous period. We hope that readers will be as fascinated with the life and work of this character, as many of us are when we appreciate the invaluable legacy of their technological developments.
电气工程师尼古拉·特斯拉是在过去100年里为电气科学和技术的发展做出最重要贡献的科学家之一。在他86年的生命中，大部分时间都是美国居民，他致力于各种各样的主题，如电和电磁学等，在他那个时代的物理学中领先了几十年。他被认为是交流电之父，拥有专利，其中一些是在他死后授予的。他的生活是迷人的，不仅因为他的发明，也因为他周围的故事和故事。他主演了著名的“洋流之战”时期，对手是著名的托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生，他的背景是许多纪录片和电影的剧本。它的历史，特别是这一著名时期的部分历史，是目前工作的目的。我们希望读者能像我们许多人欣赏他的技术发展的宝贵遗产一样，对他的生活和工作着迷。EnglishThe索赔工程师Nikola Tesla is one of the科学家who made the most important to the development of未索赔science and technology in the最后100年。During its 86年of life, the多数resident of the USA,致力人权主体不同电力和electromagnetism案中,anticipating若干decades自己》(the time of their。我牢房的《alternating电力flow的父亲,用的,一些人之后,他的死刑。他的生活很迷人，不仅因为他的发明，还因为他周围的故事和故事。明星in the cedefop period已知的as the Battle of the电力flow,谁的opponent was the renowned托马斯·爱迪生,an environment,你不妨as a脚本documentaries和电影。本说明的目的是描述文件is to part of its history and,尤其是of this cedefop period。We hope that读者will be as fascinated with the life and work of this查阅,许多of us are as when We appreciate the无价的遗留的技术动态。
{"title":"Nikola Tesla y la batalla de las corrientes","authors":"Carmen Luisa Vásquez Stanescu, R. Pérez, Rodrigo Ramírez-Pisco","doi":"10.13140/RG.2.2.27114.88005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.27114.88005","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl ingeniero electricista Nikola Tesla es uno de los cientificos que mas importantes aportes hizo para el desarrollo de la ciencia y la tecnologia electrica en los ultimos 100 anos. Durante sus 86 anos de vida, la mayoria como residente de USA, los dedica a temas tan diversos como la electricidad y el electromagnetismo, entre otros, adelantandose en varias decadas a la fisica de su tiempo. Se le considera el padre de la corriente alterna, con patentes otorgadas, algunas de ellas posterior a su muerte. Su vida es fascinante, no solo por sus inventos sino por las historias y relatos que le rodean. Protagoniza el famoso periodo conocido como la Batalla de las Corrientes, cuyo oponente fue el reconocido Thomas Alva Edison, entorno que ha servido de guion a diversos documentales y peliculas. El presente trabajo tiene como proposito describir parte de su historia y, especialmente, de este famoso periodo. Esperamos que los lectores se encuentren tan fascinados con la vida y obra de este personaje, como muchos quienes lo estamos al apreciar el invaluable legado de sus desarrollos tecnologicos. EnglishThe electrical engineer Nikola Tesla is one of the scientists who made the most important contributions to the development of electrical science and technology in the last 100 years. During its 86 years of life, the majority as a resident of the USA, dedicates them to subjects as diverse as electricity and electromagnetism, among others, anticipating in several decades the physics of their time. He is considered the father of alternating electricity flow, with granted patents, some of them after his death. His life is fascinating, not only for his inventions but for the stories and stories that surround him. It stars in the famous period known as the Battle of the Electricity flow, whose opponent was the renowned Thomas Alva Edison, an environment that has served as a script for various documentaries and films. The purpose of this paper is to describe part of its history and, especially, of this famous period. We hope that readers will be as fascinated with the life and work of this character, as many of us are when we appreciate the invaluable legacy of their technological developments.","PeriodicalId":359194,"journal":{"name":"Publicaciones en Ciencias y Tecnología","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129341797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.18693.50400
C. Andara
Artificial intelligence is projected as a new factor of production to improve the competitiveness of countries. This research analyzes the technical efficiency of the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a production factor in companies located in Europe, North America, Asia and Latin America aimed at increasing their competitiveness. Research data on the impact of AI in the world economies, figures on startups, the global index of innovation and investments in AI are taken. Through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) the technical efficiency is measured. The analysis was structured in three clusters: by countries with and without China, and by regions with companies with investments in AI. The analysis by countries showed that Holland, Sweden, Chile, and Colombia are more efficient, while the USA, Japan, and Brazil are less efficient. With respect to the second analysis, China and Latin America stand out as efficient. For the latter case, Europe and Latin America proved efficient. It is observed that the growth in the global index of innovation, as well as the creation of economic policies in countries for the development of this technology, are keys to predicted economic growth.
{"title":"Análisis de eficiencia de la inteligencia artificial como factor de producción en países","authors":"C. Andara","doi":"10.13140/RG.2.2.18693.50400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18693.50400","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence is projected as a new factor of production to improve the competitiveness of countries. This research analyzes the technical efficiency of the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a production factor in companies located in Europe, North America, Asia and Latin America aimed at increasing their competitiveness. Research data on the impact of AI in the world economies, figures on startups, the global index of innovation and investments in AI are taken. Through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) the technical efficiency is measured. The analysis was structured in three clusters: by countries with and without China, and by regions with companies with investments in AI. The analysis by countries showed that Holland, Sweden, Chile, and Colombia are more efficient, while the USA, Japan, and Brazil are less efficient. With respect to the second analysis, China and Latin America stand out as efficient. For the latter case, Europe and Latin America proved efficient. It is observed that the growth in the global index of innovation, as well as the creation of economic policies in countries for the development of this technology, are keys to predicted economic growth.","PeriodicalId":359194,"journal":{"name":"Publicaciones en Ciencias y Tecnología","volume":"13 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133135586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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