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TCP-Friendly Congestion Control for Streaming Video Service over Wireless Overlay Network 无线覆盖网络流视频服务的tcp友好拥塞控制
Jae-Young Pyun, Ho-Jin Choi
Streaming video has become a popular form of transferring video over wireless networks. TCP-friendly rate control (TFRC) is used as a streaming video transport protocol. Using both TCP congestion response function and current network conditions, TFRC adjusts its sending rate to yield the maximum TCP-friendly throughput. Since TFRC was designed for applications that would prefer to maintain a slowly-changing sending rate, it is less responsive to changes in handover between next-generation wireless overlay network. This paper shows a new TFRC method for vertical handover (VHO) over wireless overlay network. The proposed TFRC method uses explicit VHO messages for faster rate adaptation to a new target network. The simulation results show that the proposed one provides better QoS and throughput supports than the conventional TFRC scheme during VHO.
流媒体视频已经成为通过无线网络传输视频的一种流行形式。tcp友好速率控制(TFRC)是一种流视频传输协议。TFRC利用TCP拥塞响应功能和当前网络条件,调整其发送速率以获得最大的TCP友好吞吐量。由于TFRC是为希望保持缓慢变化的发送速率的应用而设计的,因此它对下一代无线覆盖网络之间切换的变化响应较小。提出了一种无线覆盖网络垂直切换(VHO)的TFRC算法。提出的TFRC方法使用显式VHO消息来更快地适应新的目标网络。仿真结果表明,该方案在VHO过程中提供了比传统TFRC方案更好的QoS和吞吐量支持。
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引用次数: 3
Optimized Mobile MPLS 优化的移动MPLS
Shengling Wang, Yong Cui, S. Das, Mingwei Xu
A novel scheme for integrating Mobile IPv6 and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) named the Optimized Mobile MPLS (OMMPLS) is proposed. The aim of OMMPLS is to make the process of registration (or binding refresh) and Label Switching Path (LSP) setup (or maintenance) be carried out simultaneously to reduce the handover latency and signaling redundancy. To realize the aim, a new IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Options Header named the MPLS Header is defined, which includes some information about setting up or maintaining LSP. The MPLS Header is put in the Binding Update or the Binding Acknowledgement message of Mobile IPv6 protocol. When the network nodes receive such messages, they set up or maintain LSP in terms of MPLS Header. In addition, OMMPLS can integrate Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 naturally, thus realizing the fast re-building LSP after the mobile user roams into another subnet within a region. Analyses show that the handover latency and the LSP setup latency of OMMPLS are both smaller than those of the existing scheme, which means the optimization is realized.
提出了一种集成移动IPv6和多协议标签交换(MPLS)的新方案——优化移动MPLS (OMMPLS)。OMMPLS的目的是使注册(或绑定刷新)和LSP (Label Switching Path,标签交换路径)的建立(或维护)过程同时进行,以减少切换延迟和信令冗余。为了实现这一目的,定义了一种新的IPv6逐跳选项报头,称为MPLS报头,它包含了一些建立或维护LSP的信息。MPLS报头放在移动IPv6协议的绑定更新或绑定确认消息中。当网络节点收到这些消息后,根据MPLS Header建立或维护LSP。此外,OMMPLS可以自然地集成分层移动IPv6,从而实现移动用户漫游到区域内另一个子网后快速重建LSP。分析表明,OMMPLS的切换时延和LSP建立时延均小于现有方案,实现了优化。
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引用次数: 4
Channel Estimation for the Chinese DTTB System Based on a Novel Iterative PN Sequence Reconstruction 基于一种新的迭代PN序列重构的中国DTTB系统信道估计
Fang Yang, Jintao Wang, Jun Wang, Jian Song, Zhixing Yang
Digital television/terrestrial multimedia broadcasting (DTMB), announced as the Chinese digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) standard in August, 2006, recommends three PN padding modes as guard intervals (GI) and training sequences for both multi- and single-carrier block transmissions. The conventional channel estimation methods can be performed through either the subtraction of the pseudo-noise (PN) sequence or the cancellation of residual inter-symbol interference, which are quite complex. In this paper, a simple method is introduced to separate the PN sequence from the OFDM symbol and the channel impulse response (CIR) estimation can be obtained and updated via the reconstruction of the PN sequence in an iterative manner. Analysis shows that the proposed algorithm achieves low-complexity channel estimation and can be applied to the DTMB receiver directly. Simulation shows that the proposed algorithm works well under slow-fading broadcast channel even with long delay spread.
数字电视/地面多媒体广播(DTMB)于2006年8月作为中国数字电视地面广播(DTTB)标准宣布,推荐三种PN填充模式作为多载波和单载波块传输的保护间隔(GI)和训练序列。传统的信道估计方法可以通过去除伪噪声(PN)序列或消除残差码间干扰来实现,这是非常复杂的。本文提出了一种简单的将PN序列从OFDM符号中分离出来的方法,通过迭代重建PN序列得到信道脉冲响应(CIR)估计并进行更新。分析表明,该算法实现了低复杂度的信道估计,可直接应用于DTMB接收机。仿真结果表明,该算法在慢衰落广播信道下,即使在较长的延迟传播下也能很好地工作。
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引用次数: 9
Cooperation and Learning in Multiuser Opportunistic Spectrum Access 多用户机会性频谱接入中的合作与学习
Hua Liu, B. Krishnamachari, Qing Zhao
We consider how two secondary users should interact to maximize their total throughput in a two- channel sensing-based opportunistic spectrum access network where spectrum opportunities are time varying and spatially inhomogeneous. By modeling the occupancy of the primary users as discrete-time Markov chains, we obtain the optimal dynamic coordination policy using a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) solver. We also develop several tractable approaches - a cooperative multiuser approach based on explicit communication between the secondary users, a learning-based approach involving use of collision feedback information, and a single-user approach based on uncooperative independent decisions. As a baseline we consider the static partitioning policy where both users are allocated a single channel of their own. Simulations comparing the performance of these strategies yield several interesting findings: that significant improvements over static partitioning are possible with the optimal scheme; that the cooperative multiuser approach shows near-optimal performance in all cases; that there are scenarios when learning through collision feedback can be beneficial; and that the single-user approach generally shows poor performance.
我们考虑了在频谱机会时变且空间不均匀的双通道感知机会频谱接入网络中,两个辅助用户应该如何交互以最大化其总吞吐量。通过将主用户占用率建模为离散时间马尔可夫链,利用部分可观察马尔可夫决策过程求解器得到最优动态协调策略。我们还开发了几种易于处理的方法-基于二级用户之间明确通信的合作多用户方法,涉及使用碰撞反馈信息的基于学习的方法,以及基于非合作独立决策的单用户方法。作为基准,我们考虑静态分区策略,其中两个用户都分配了自己的单个通道。仿真比较了这些策略的性能,得出了几个有趣的发现:最优方案可以显著改善静态分区;合作多用户方法在所有情况下都显示出接近最优的性能;在某些情况下,通过碰撞反馈学习是有益的;单用户方法通常表现不佳。
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引用次数: 70
Improved Consecutive Mean Excision Algorithm Based Spectrum Sensing for Dynamic Spectrum Access 基于改进连续均值切除算法的动态频谱接入频谱感知
Bin Shen, K. Kwak, Longyang Huang, Zheng Zhou
This paper deals with spectrum sensing for dynamic spectrum access (DSA) via channelized radiometers. Consecutive mean excision (CME) algorithms have been employed in the literature to identify the presence or absence of licensed user signals. To obtain better control of false-alarm rate and detection rate, an improved CME algorithm is proposed in this paper, in which two thresholds are incorporated to perform the channel cluster based licensed user signal detection. It is verified through numerical experiments that with appropriate compromise on setting the two thresholds, the improved CME algorithm can significantly boost the detection rate while ideally maintain the false-alarm rate as sufficiently low as desired.
本文研究了基于信道化辐射计的动态频谱接入(DSA)的频谱感知。连续平均切除(CME)算法已在文献中用于识别是否存在许可用户信号。为了更好地控制虚警率和检测率,本文提出了一种改进的CME算法,该算法引入两个阈值,对基于信道簇的许可用户信号进行检测。通过数值实验验证,在两个阈值的设置上适当妥协,改进的CME算法可以显著提高检测率,同时理想地保持足够低的虚警率。
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引用次数: 6
Radio Resource Allocation Algorithm for the Uplink OFDMA System 面向上行OFDMA系统的无线资源分配算法
Juncai Shi, A. Hu
This paper investigates the radio resource allocation scheme for the uplink OFDMA systems and a new uplink-based radio resource allocation (URRA) algorithm is proposed based on the maximization of system throughput and the quality of service (QoS) constraints of the users. The URRA algorithm is composed of two parts. The first part introduces a dynamically priority parameter for each user according to the uplink channel state information (UCSI), the QoS constraints and data buffer information, and then allocates resources to meet the user's QoS constraints based on the priority parameters. The second part of the URRA algorithm allocates the remaining subcarriers to the users who have the most increment of throughput. Simulation results show that the URRA algorithm not only increases the system throughput performance subject to the QoS constraints, but also significantly reduces the computational complexity compared with the existing algorithm.
研究了上行OFDMA系统的无线资源分配方案,提出了一种基于系统吞吐量最大化和用户服务质量(QoS)约束的上行OFDMA系统无线资源分配算法。URRA算法由两部分组成。第一部分根据上行通道状态信息(UCSI)、QoS约束和数据缓冲区信息,为每个用户动态引入优先级参数,然后根据优先级参数分配资源以满足用户的QoS约束。URRA算法的第二部分将剩余的子载波分配给吞吐量增量最大的用户。仿真结果表明,与现有算法相比,URRA算法不仅在QoS约束下提高了系统吞吐量性能,而且显著降低了计算复杂度。
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引用次数: 7
Scheduling Algorithms for Simultaneous Software Updates of Electronic Devices in Vehicles 车载电子设备软件同步更新的调度算法
J. Sommer, V. Feil, E. Adeva Sanz
Today's upper-class passenger cars have various interconnected electronic devices. Each device performs complex functions, enabled by software that can be stored in a flash memory. Of these, the devices in the multimedia and infotainment domain contain by far the most software with a size in the order of one Gbyte. In this domain, the devices are the performance bottlenecks, not the communication systems. Throughout the vehicle life cycle, parts of the software have to be frequently updated during maintenance. Today, the software of the devices is updated in a consecutive manner. Due to performance bottlenecks caused by the affected devices, the update can take a long time that leads to high costs. Therefore, the objective is to reduce the total update time by a higher utilization of the common bus resource. In this paper, we introduce and investigate algorithms that update the software of multiple devices simultaneously and evaluate the efficiency of these algorithms. We focus on scheduling algorithms on the Application layer and the logical link control (LLC) layer and model the update process by means of Petri nets. Our studies show that it is most promising to combine a simple scheduling algorithm on the Application layer with Round Robin on the LLC layer.
今天的高档轿车有各种相互连接的电子设备。每个设备执行复杂的功能,由可以存储在闪存中的软件启用。其中,多媒体和信息娱乐领域的设备包含的软件数量最多,其大小约为1gb。在这个领域中,设备是性能瓶颈,而不是通信系统。在整个车辆生命周期中,部分软件必须在维护期间频繁更新。今天,设备的软件是连续更新的。由于受影响设备造成的性能瓶颈,更新可能需要很长时间,从而导致较高的成本。因此,我们的目标是通过提高公共总线资源的利用率来减少总更新时间。本文介绍并研究了多设备同时更新软件的算法,并对这些算法的效率进行了评价。重点研究了应用层和逻辑链路控制层的调度算法,并利用Petri网对更新过程进行了建模。我们的研究表明,将应用层的简单调度算法与LLC层的轮循算法相结合是最有希望的。
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引用次数: 2
The Impact of Inaccurate Sensing Information in Cognitive Wireless Personal Area Networks 认知无线个人区域网络中不准确感知信息的影响
J. Misic, V. Mišić
Successful operation of a wireless personal area network utilizing cognitive radio technology requires accurate and timely sensing of the status of channels the network operates on. The performance of the sensing process in which the working set of N channels is sensed by randomly choosing X < N channels, is analyzed via two performance measures: the difference in the true number of free channels and the number viewed by the cognitive network, and the delay in detecting the activity changes on the channels from the working set. Our probabilistic analysis points to the range of values in which such, incomplete sensing is capable of maintaining an accurate view of the status of the working channel set.
利用认知无线电技术的无线个人区域网络的成功运行需要准确及时地感知网络运行的信道状态。随机选择X < N个通道感知N个通道的感知过程的性能,通过两个性能度量来分析:真实空闲通道数与认知网络看到的通道数的差异,以及从工作集中检测通道上的活动变化的延迟。我们的概率分析指出,这种不完全感知能够保持对工作通道集状态的准确视图的值范围。
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引用次数: 5
cdma2000 Highly Detectable Pilot cdma2000高检测先导
Qiang Wu, Wanlun Zhao, P. Black, Y. Tokgoz, R. Padovani
Research and development on mobile phone positioning technologies are gaining momentum due to the potential in location based services. Mobile location is estimated based on measurements from satellites and terrestrial base stations. Satellite measurements often available in rural and suburban areas are less or not available in dense urban and indoor areas. Thus, base station measurements play an important role in mobile positioning. In this paper, we present the highly detectable pilot (HDP) that is being standardized in 3GPP2 for cdma2000 1xEV-DO. HDP allows mobile to detect significantly more base stations, and thus provides much better accuracy in location estimate.
由于定位服务的潜力,移动电话定位技术的研究和开发正在获得动力。移动位置是根据卫星和地面基站的测量来估计的。通常在农村和郊区可获得的卫星测量在人口密集的城市和室内地区较少或根本无法获得。因此,基站测量在移动定位中起着重要的作用。在本文中,我们提出了在3GPP2中为cdma2000 1xEV-DO标准化的高可检测导频(HDP)。HDP允许移动设备检测到更多的基站,从而提供更好的位置估计精度。
{"title":"cdma2000 Highly Detectable Pilot","authors":"Qiang Wu, Wanlun Zhao, P. Black, Y. Tokgoz, R. Padovani","doi":"10.1109/ICCW.2008.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCW.2008.8","url":null,"abstract":"Research and development on mobile phone positioning technologies are gaining momentum due to the potential in location based services. Mobile location is estimated based on measurements from satellites and terrestrial base stations. Satellite measurements often available in rural and suburban areas are less or not available in dense urban and indoor areas. Thus, base station measurements play an important role in mobile positioning. In this paper, we present the highly detectable pilot (HDP) that is being standardized in 3GPP2 for cdma2000 1xEV-DO. HDP allows mobile to detect significantly more base stations, and thus provides much better accuracy in location estimate.","PeriodicalId":360127,"journal":{"name":"ICC Workshops - 2008 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114210378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Geographical Information Based Clustering Algorithm to Equalize Cluster Lifetime throughout Wireless Sensor Networks 基于地理信息的无线传感器网络簇寿命均衡聚类算法
D. Wei, H. Chan, S. Kaplan
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) usually have a high node density, which makes it unnecessary to require all nodes to be continually active. Scheduling different nodes to be awake at different times saves energy for WSNs. However, traditional scheduling algorithms do not consider the directional data traffic towards the sink and maintaining coverage of the entire network, making them fail to optimize the energy efficiency and the network performance. This paper proposes a clustering algorithm, which combines scheduling techniques, to split the network into clusters based on the geographical information of nodes and the directional data traffic. The clusters are organized in such a way that all clusters have similar lifetimes. Only one node in each cluster is scheduled to be active at any give time to monitor that cluster. Simulation results show that this algorithm not only improves energy efficiency for WSNs, but also improves the performance of delivering data to the sink.
无线传感器网络通常具有较高的节点密度,因此不需要要求所有节点都处于持续活动状态。在不同的时间调度不同的节点唤醒,可以为wsn节省能量。然而,传统的调度算法没有考虑数据流量向汇聚的方向和保持整个网络的覆盖,无法实现网络能效和网络性能的优化。本文提出了一种结合调度技术的聚类算法,根据节点的地理信息和方向数据流量将网络划分为簇。集群以这样一种方式组织,即所有集群具有相似的生存期。在任何给定时间,每个集群中只有一个节点被安排为活动状态,以监视该集群。仿真结果表明,该算法不仅提高了无线传感器网络的能量利用率,而且提高了向sink发送数据的性能。
{"title":"Geographical Information Based Clustering Algorithm to Equalize Cluster Lifetime throughout Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"D. Wei, H. Chan, S. Kaplan","doi":"10.1109/ICCW.2008.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCW.2008.47","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) usually have a high node density, which makes it unnecessary to require all nodes to be continually active. Scheduling different nodes to be awake at different times saves energy for WSNs. However, traditional scheduling algorithms do not consider the directional data traffic towards the sink and maintaining coverage of the entire network, making them fail to optimize the energy efficiency and the network performance. This paper proposes a clustering algorithm, which combines scheduling techniques, to split the network into clusters based on the geographical information of nodes and the directional data traffic. The clusters are organized in such a way that all clusters have similar lifetimes. Only one node in each cluster is scheduled to be active at any give time to monitor that cluster. Simulation results show that this algorithm not only improves energy efficiency for WSNs, but also improves the performance of delivering data to the sink.","PeriodicalId":360127,"journal":{"name":"ICC Workshops - 2008 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121617464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
期刊
ICC Workshops - 2008 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops
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