Pub Date : 2021-10-15DOI: 10.4236/ajibm.2021.1110062
Munyaradzi Chikove, A. Shiri
The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of leadership style on employee commitment in the mining sector in Zimbabwe. The mining industry in Zimbabwe has been extensively affected by the loss of key personnel in key areas such as engineering, metallurgy and geology among others. The loss of such vital employees in the mining sector has had a negative impact on output and consequently loss of the much-needed revenue to the Zimbabwean economy. It is against this background that there was a need to establish the effect of leadership style on employee commitment in an endeavour to enhance job satisfaction. A quantitative approach was adopted in which convenience sampling was employed. The main findings were that charismatic and inspirational leadership style has moderate to strong positive relationship with subordinate affective commitment to the organisation. Inspirational motivation had a moderate positive correlation with affective commitment significant at (r = 0.46; p p -0.012; p Zimbabwe mining sector should strive to use inspirational approaches in leading and involve employees in decision-making so as to raise the standards of efficiency and effectiveness of an organization and increase follower commitment.
{"title":"The Effect of Leadership Style on Employee Commitment in the Mining Sector in Zimbabwe","authors":"Munyaradzi Chikove, A. Shiri","doi":"10.4236/ajibm.2021.1110062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2021.1110062","url":null,"abstract":"The \u0000purpose of this study was to establish the effect of leadership style on \u0000employee commitment in the mining sector in \u0000Zimbabwe. The mining industry in \u0000Zimbabwe has been extensively affected by the loss of key personnel in key \u0000areas such as engineering, metallurgy and geology among others. The loss of \u0000such vital employees in the mining sector has had a negative impact on output \u0000and consequently loss of the much-needed revenue to the Zimbabwean economy. It \u0000is against this background that there was a need to establish the effect of \u0000leadership style on employee commitment in an endeavour to \u0000enhance job satisfaction. A quantitative approach was adopted in which \u0000convenience sampling was employed. The main findings were that charismatic and \u0000inspirational leadership style has moderate to strong positive relationship with subordinate affective commitment to the \u0000organisation. Inspirational motivation had a moderate positive \u0000correlation with affective commitment significant at (r = 0.46; p p -0.012; p Zimbabwe mining sector should strive to use \u0000inspirational approaches in leading and involve employees in decision-making so \u0000as to raise the standards of efficiency and effectiveness of an organization \u0000and increase follower commitment.","PeriodicalId":360400,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Industrial and Business Management","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132390945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-17DOI: 10.4236/ajibm.2021.119060
Haiyun Xie
Does China’s energy revolution strengthen or weaken its oil security? This study analyzes how the energy revolution influences China’s oil security by exploring the changes in risks and the hedging mechanism. China proposed the energy revolution in 2014, committed to carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, aiming to accelerate its energy transition. Meanwhile, China has a high oil import dependency due to its rapid economic development and lack of domestic oil resources, which challenges its oil security. The government and the national oil companies (NOCs) are the main actors to ensure China’s oil supply. Based on the interactions between the government and the NOCs, the overseas oil investments and the domestic oil production and strategic petroleum reserves, together with the maritime oil transportation and continental pipelines, provide alternatives for China’s oil supply in general and in wartime in particular, thus forming the hedging mechanism for China’s oil security. Notably, the energy revolution alters the way energy and geopolitics interact, and the development of renewables in China and other states in the world mitigates geopolitical risks by making China and the world less dependent on unstable oil production regions. Lastly, the energy revolution triggers changes in the hedging mechanism for China’s oil security due to the buildup of oil reserves including the commercial oil reserves, the arduous development of domestic oil output, and the drop in overseas oil investments but increase in foreign renewables investments. And thus, China’s oil security and its capabilities to respond to potential oil supply interruptions have changed accordingly. This paper not only contributes to understanding China’s oil security in the context of the energy revolution by analyzing the changes in the hedging mechanism, but also stimulates thinking about the impacts of the energy transition on fossil energy security.
{"title":"China’s Oil Security in the Context of Energy Revolution: Changes in Risks and the Hedging Mechanism","authors":"Haiyun Xie","doi":"10.4236/ajibm.2021.119060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2021.119060","url":null,"abstract":"Does China’s energy revolution strengthen or weaken its oil security? \u0000This study analyzes how the energy revolution influences China’s oil security \u0000by exploring the changes in risks and the hedging mechanism. China proposed the \u0000energy revolution in 2014, committed to carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality \u0000by 2060, aiming to accelerate its energy transition. Meanwhile, China has a \u0000high oil import dependency due to its rapid economic development and lack of \u0000domestic oil resources, which challenges its oil security. The government and \u0000the national oil companies (NOCs) are the main actors to ensure China’s oil \u0000supply. Based on the interactions between the government and the NOCs, the \u0000overseas oil investments and the domestic oil production and strategic \u0000petroleum reserves, together with the maritime oil transportation and \u0000continental pipelines, provide alternatives for China’s oil supply in general \u0000and in wartime in particular, thus forming the hedging mechanism for China’s \u0000oil security. Notably, the energy revolution alters the way energy and \u0000geopolitics interact, and the development of renewables in China and other \u0000states in the world mitigates geopolitical risks by making China and the world less dependent on \u0000unstable oil production regions. Lastly, the energy revolution triggers changes \u0000in the hedging mechanism for China’s oil security due to the buildup of oil \u0000reserves including the commercial oil reserves, the arduous development of \u0000domestic oil output, and the drop in overseas oil investments but increase in \u0000foreign renewables investments. And thus, China’s oil security and its \u0000capabilities to respond to potential oil supply interruptions have changed \u0000accordingly. This paper not only contributes to understanding China’s oil \u0000security in the context of the energy revolution by analyzing the changes in \u0000the hedging mechanism, but also stimulates thinking about the impacts of the energy transition on fossil \u0000energy security.","PeriodicalId":360400,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Industrial and Business Management","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132250544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-17DOI: 10.4236/ajibm.2021.119061
B. O. Adu
The Ghanaian economy has been growing for the past three decades, but growth, redistribution, and sustainability have all faced obstacles. The economy has been largely grown in three major sectors of the economy i.e., Agriculture, Service and Industry after 64 years of independence. This article is a comprehensive discussion of the contribution of three sectors of the economy to the overall GDP, and it does cover all of the nitty-gritty intricacies of the Ghanaian economy. Finally, the paper seeks to provide some thoughts on the literature for readers on the state of the Ghanaian economy from 2001 to 2020, taking into account the contributions of three major economic sectors. The researcher based the dataset on the work of several researchers and included a significant quantity of fresh data from both primary and secondary data sources such as the Ministry of Finance (MOF), the Bank of Ghana, the Ghana Statistical Service, and the World Bank. The data were gathered from the website of the MOF, Bank of Ghana and the Ghana Statistical Service. The conclusions of the study found that there is a positive relationship between overall GDP (domestic and external) and growth in Ghana’s economy, and urge, among other things, that government debt borrowing be discouraged and tax reform initiatives be promoted. According to the findings, interest rates should be kept low enough to allow individuals and investors to borrow and invest while also allowing the economy to expand through industrialization, which will enhance the trade balance and economic growth by raising aggregate demand or income.
{"title":"Comparison of Growth of Overall GDP on Three Sectors of the Ghanaian Economy: A Time Series Analysis from 2001-2020","authors":"B. O. Adu","doi":"10.4236/ajibm.2021.119061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2021.119061","url":null,"abstract":"The Ghanaian \u0000economy has been growing for the past three decades, but growth, redistribution, \u0000and sustainability have all faced obstacles. The economy has been largely grown in three major sectors of the economy i.e., Agriculture, Service and Industry \u0000after 64 years of independence. This article is a comprehensive discussion of the \u0000contribution of three sectors of the economy to the overall GDP, and it does cover \u0000all of the nitty-gritty intricacies of the Ghanaian economy. Finally, the paper \u0000seeks to provide some thoughts on the literature for readers on the state of the \u0000Ghanaian economy from 2001 to 2020, taking into account the contributions of three \u0000major economic sectors. The researcher based the dataset on the work of several \u0000researchers and included a significant quantity of fresh data from both primary \u0000and secondary data sources such as the Ministry of Finance (MOF), the Bank of Ghana, \u0000the Ghana Statistical Service, and the World Bank. The data were gathered from the \u0000website of the MOF, Bank of Ghana and the Ghana Statistical Service. The conclusions \u0000of the study found that there is a positive relationship between overall GDP (domestic \u0000and external) and growth in Ghana’s economy, and urge, among other things, that \u0000government debt borrowing be discouraged and tax reform initiatives be promoted. \u0000According to the findings, interest rates should be kept low enough to allow individuals \u0000and investors to borrow and invest while also allowing the economy to expand through \u0000industrialization, which will enhance the trade balance and economic growth by raising \u0000aggregate demand or income.","PeriodicalId":360400,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Industrial and Business Management","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131898615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.4236/ajibm.2021.118057
Zhaoguang Xu, Yanzhong Dang
Quality management is a vital link to ensure product quality in the automobile production process. This paper investigates problem-solving of two automotive plants and explores the factors that influence the quality improvement in the organisation. The case studies analyse the status quo and problems in the quality management organisation, problem-solving process, and team, as well as quality management information system with particular emphasis on how each plant uses data, information, and knowledge to solve quality problems from the perspective of knowledge management. The result shows that there is a lack of utilisation of data, information, and knowledge in problem-solving. Based on the analysis result and the demands of plants for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of problem-solving, we propose a knowledge management based intelligent problem-solving system (IPSS). At the same time, a five-tier environment construction for the successful implementation of IPSS is proposed. The main shortcomings identified are common to many other plants and companies worldwide. The suggestions and proposals put forward are of great significance for manufacturing enterprises to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of quality problem-solving.
{"title":"Knowledge Promotes Quality Management: A Case Study of Quality Problem-Solving in Two Automotive Plants","authors":"Zhaoguang Xu, Yanzhong Dang","doi":"10.4236/ajibm.2021.118057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2021.118057","url":null,"abstract":"Quality management is a vital link to ensure product quality in the automobile production process. This paper investigates problem-solving of two automotive plants and explores the factors that influence the quality improvement in the organisation. The case studies analyse the status quo and problems in the quality management organisation, problem-solving process, and team, as well as quality management information system with particular emphasis on how each plant uses data, information, and knowledge to solve quality problems from the perspective of knowledge management. The result shows that there is a lack of utilisation of data, information, and knowledge in problem-solving. Based on the analysis result and the demands of plants for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of problem-solving, we propose a knowledge management based intelligent problem-solving system (IPSS). At the same time, a five-tier environment construction for the successful implementation of IPSS is proposed. The main shortcomings identified are common to many other plants and companies worldwide. The suggestions and proposals put forward are of great significance for manufacturing enterprises to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of quality problem-solving.","PeriodicalId":360400,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Industrial and Business Management","volume":"275 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121318566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.4236/ajibm.2021.118054
Liyan Liu, Yong Jing
The emergency management level is an important manifestation of the governance ability of a country. An effective emergency management mechanism can increase the speed of emergency response and minimize the damage of emergencies. In today’s world, public safety emergencies frequently occur. Developed countries such as the United States, Japan, Russia, France, etc., have developed emergency management capabilities to effectively deal with emergencies after years of accumulation of experience. This research explored the practice of the emergency management system, emergency management legal system, digital emergency management technology, emergency management concept and emergency culture construction of the countries in the world to provide effective support for China’s emergency management mechanism construction and related management decision-making. Based on the practical experience of developed countries, it is suggested that, first, the Chinese government should further strengthen the construction of emergency management mechanism; second, further improve the legal infrastructure of emergency management; third, accelerate the digital transformation of emergency management system; fourth, enhance emergency response to management philosophy and cultural construction.
{"title":"Policy Indications of International Experience for China’s Emergency Response Mechanism Construction","authors":"Liyan Liu, Yong Jing","doi":"10.4236/ajibm.2021.118054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2021.118054","url":null,"abstract":"The emergency management level is an important manifestation of the governance ability of a country. An effective emergency management mechanism can increase the speed of emergency response and minimize the damage of emergencies. In today’s world, public safety emergencies frequently occur. Developed countries such as the United States, Japan, Russia, France, etc., have developed emergency management capabilities to effectively deal with emergencies after years of accumulation of experience. This research explored the practice of the emergency management system, emergency management legal system, digital emergency management technology, emergency management concept and emergency culture construction of the countries in the world to provide effective support for China’s emergency management mechanism construction and related management decision-making. Based on the practical experience of developed countries, it is suggested that, first, the Chinese government should further strengthen the construction of emergency management mechanism; second, further improve the legal infrastructure of emergency management; third, accelerate the digital transformation of emergency management system; fourth, enhance emergency response to management philosophy and cultural construction.","PeriodicalId":360400,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Industrial and Business Management","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132718336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.4236/ajibm.2021.118058
Jing Gao
Content platforms are becoming popular all over the world, especially in China. As a content platform, Bilibili’s story shows the development process of content platforms in emerging economies. This research explores the content of Bilibili at different stages of development from the perspective of business model, and tries to show a new growth path for enterprises in emerging economies. This research finds that in the three development stages of Bilibili, the nine elements of business model presented different characteristics and were combined into three distinct models. This study provides a reference for the theory and practice of the growth of emerging economies and the evolution of business models.
{"title":"Business Model Evolution of Content Platform in Emerging Economy: A Case Study of Bilibili","authors":"Jing Gao","doi":"10.4236/ajibm.2021.118058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2021.118058","url":null,"abstract":"Content platforms are becoming popular all over the world, especially in China. As a content platform, Bilibili’s story shows the development process of content platforms in emerging economies. This research explores the content of Bilibili at different stages of development from the perspective of business model, and tries to show a new growth path for enterprises in emerging economies. This research finds that in the three development stages of Bilibili, the nine elements of business model presented different characteristics and were combined into three distinct models. This study provides a reference for the theory and practice of the growth of emerging economies and the evolution of business models.","PeriodicalId":360400,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Industrial and Business Management","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125566869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.4236/ajibm.2021.118055
Waqar Ahmad
US Dollar (USD) is the most dominant currency encompassing 59.54% of the world reserve currency. Euro is the second one, which holds 20.57% share of world reserve currency. The recent studies reveal that the USD might not be the dominant world reserve currency in the future. Euro as a common regional currency is the only competitor of USD, which shows the strength of a unified regional currency. In 1981, the six rich oil states formed Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC); the countries include the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the State of Qatar, the Sultanate of Oman, the Kingdom of Bahrain, the State of Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates. This establishment of GCC signifies the close cultural, economic and political link between the GCC countries. GCC countries have almost all essential ingredients required to establish a common currency area or monetary union. The researcher applied the European Monetary Union (EMU) model to GCC states to find out the feasibility of a common currency or monetary union between GCC states. Currently, EMU is the only example of successful implementation of common regional currency founded on Mundell’s theory of Optimum Currency Area (OCA). The results obtained indicate that all the GCC states successfully fulfill the Euro criteria which are also called Maastricht criteria. The research has established that GCC countries are ripe for establishing a monetary union, especially if they follow the steps of EMU.
{"title":"Common Currency Area in GCC Region: An Application of Euro Model","authors":"Waqar Ahmad","doi":"10.4236/ajibm.2021.118055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2021.118055","url":null,"abstract":"US Dollar (USD) is the most dominant currency encompassing 59.54% of the world reserve currency. Euro is the second one, which holds 20.57% share of world reserve currency. The recent studies reveal that the USD might not be the dominant world reserve currency in the future. Euro as a common regional currency is the only competitor of USD, which shows the strength of a unified regional currency. In 1981, the six rich oil states formed Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC); the countries include the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the State of Qatar, the Sultanate of Oman, the Kingdom of Bahrain, the State of Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates. This establishment of GCC signifies the close cultural, economic and political link between the GCC countries. GCC countries have almost all essential ingredients required to establish a common currency area or monetary union. The researcher applied the European Monetary Union (EMU) model to GCC states to find out the feasibility of a common currency or monetary union between GCC states. Currently, EMU is the only example of successful implementation of common regional currency founded on Mundell’s theory of Optimum Currency Area (OCA). The results obtained indicate that all the GCC states successfully fulfill the Euro criteria which are also called Maastricht criteria. The research has established that GCC countries are ripe for establishing a monetary union, especially if they follow the steps of EMU.","PeriodicalId":360400,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Industrial and Business Management","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124948213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-09DOI: 10.4236/ajibm.2021.117048
Yaser Y. Alahmad, Hatem Bata
Previous research on cyber workplace incivility (CWPI) is dependent and severely limited by psychological and social-psychological perspectives. This research builds on the previous studies by applying the Labor Process Theory with its core characteristics of power, control, and exploitation of labor so that further exploration of workplace incivility issues could be carried out. This research also uses Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory to explain the devastating long term negative impact of cyber workplace incivility on employees. The researchers also look at the role of technology due to increased connectivity, such as email, social media, mobile communication, blogs, and internet message boards at the workplace. This article contributes by looking at individual and institutional antecedents of CWPI and provides empirical support using a survey study.
{"title":"Cyber Workplace Bullying: An Empirical Study","authors":"Yaser Y. Alahmad, Hatem Bata","doi":"10.4236/ajibm.2021.117048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2021.117048","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research on cyber workplace incivility (CWPI) is dependent and severely limited by psychological and social-psychological perspectives. This research builds on the previous studies by applying the Labor Process Theory with its core characteristics of power, control, and exploitation of labor so that further exploration of workplace incivility issues could be carried out. This research also uses Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory to explain the devastating long term negative impact of cyber workplace incivility on employees. The researchers also look at the role of technology due to increased connectivity, such as email, social media, mobile communication, blogs, and internet message boards at the workplace. This article contributes by looking at individual and institutional antecedents of CWPI and provides empirical support using a survey study.","PeriodicalId":360400,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Industrial and Business Management","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134640399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-09DOI: 10.4236/ajibm.2021.117050
G. Ansong
The study set out to examine the challenges of managing risk in small holder enterprises of single mothers in Ghana with the search light on the Kasoa business district of the country. Among its objectives are examining how suitable the single mothers are in running the business of their choice, identifying any external assistance put forward to sustain their businesses as well as enumerate risk factors bedeviling their small businesses within the Kasoa enclave. In conducting the study, the researcher deemed it appropriate to employ the random sampling technique to select ten (10) brisk business areas of Kasoa where purposive sampling technique helps in identifying single mothers in those areas for their views on the objectives of the study. The interview guide constituted the main research instrument in this qualitative study while basic descriptive statistics was laced up with Statistical Packages of Social Science (SPSS) to enable analysis and interpretation to be conducted in respect of the data and information captured from the field. Findings of the study noted that single mothers of Kasoa basically wielded no formal training in the business they find themselves and that they copy other competitors strategy to operate their businesses. It also came to light that they basically start business with funds extorted by Domestic Violence and Victim Support Unit (DOVVSU) i.e. recalcitrant fathers, parents and other friends to start business in order to help themselves and their children. The study noted further that no external assistant is extended to the single mothers either from Ghana Union Traders Association (GUTA), Gender Ministry, Local government or the banks and that they are virtually on their own. It turns out unequivocally from the study that these single mothers hardly receive enough and spend all such funds to help themselves and their unfortunate children and this virtually leaves no funds to strengthen their working capital. Some even sadly resort to prostitution to solicit funds to continue business. Banks in the area discriminate heavily against single mother traders, because they see them as high risk areas and will only help after they have provided credible records concerning their operations which are often non-existent. On risk factors, as mentioned earlier on, the ladies spend all their income on themselves and their children and therefore find it difficult to sustain their operations. This situation is exacerbated by unfair trade practices emanating from cheaper dumped goods from China which disrupt price mechanism in the area. The traders also complained of astronomically high interest rate charged by microfinance institutions which often introduce repayment leading to loan default and its concomitant of police action. Shops in the Kasoa area are so expensive that single mothers can hardly afford and for that matter they sell along the streets without any permanent trading enclaves. In the light of the challenges enumera
{"title":"Challenges of Managing Risk in Small Holder Enterprises of Single Mothers in Kasoa Business District of Ghana","authors":"G. Ansong","doi":"10.4236/ajibm.2021.117050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2021.117050","url":null,"abstract":"The study set out to examine the challenges of managing risk in small holder enterprises of single mothers in Ghana with the search light on the Kasoa business district of the country. Among its objectives are examining how suitable the single mothers are in running the business of their choice, identifying any external assistance put forward to sustain their businesses as well as enumerate risk factors bedeviling their small businesses within the Kasoa enclave. In conducting the study, the researcher deemed it appropriate to employ the random sampling technique to select ten (10) brisk business areas of Kasoa where purposive sampling technique helps in identifying single mothers in those areas for their views on the objectives of the study. The interview guide constituted the main research instrument in this qualitative study while basic descriptive statistics was laced up with Statistical Packages of Social Science (SPSS) to enable analysis and interpretation to be conducted in respect of the data and information captured from the field. Findings of the study noted that single mothers of Kasoa basically wielded no formal training in the business they find themselves and that they copy other competitors strategy to operate their businesses. It also came to light that they basically start business with funds extorted by Domestic Violence and Victim Support Unit (DOVVSU) i.e. recalcitrant fathers, parents and other friends to start business in order to help themselves and their children. The study noted further that no external assistant is extended to the single mothers either from Ghana Union Traders Association (GUTA), Gender Ministry, Local government or the banks and that they are virtually on their own. It turns out unequivocally from the study that these single mothers hardly receive enough and spend all such funds to help themselves and their unfortunate children and this virtually leaves no funds to strengthen their working capital. Some even sadly resort to prostitution to solicit funds to continue business. Banks in the area discriminate heavily against single mother traders, because they see them as high risk areas and will only help after they have provided credible records concerning their operations which are often non-existent. On risk factors, as mentioned earlier on, the ladies spend all their income on themselves and their children and therefore find it difficult to sustain their operations. This situation is exacerbated by unfair trade practices emanating from cheaper dumped goods from China which disrupt price mechanism in the area. The traders also complained of astronomically high interest rate charged by microfinance institutions which often introduce repayment leading to loan default and its concomitant of police action. Shops in the Kasoa area are so expensive that single mothers can hardly afford and for that matter they sell along the streets without any permanent trading enclaves. In the light of the challenges enumera","PeriodicalId":360400,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Industrial and Business Management","volume":"299 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116322565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-09DOI: 10.4236/ajibm.2021.117052
Jiayu Chi
Based on the perspective of micro-innovation, this paper puts forward the formation mechanism model of dynamic competitive advantage to explain the formation mechanism of dynamic competitive advantage in super competitive environment and the internal mechanism of information technology helping enterprises obtain dynamic competitive advantage. The formation mechanism model of dynamic competitive advantage emphasizes that in the super competitive market environment, enterprises cannot continue to obtain long-term competitive advantage by monopolizing the scarce resources that cannot be imitated and replaced, and they need to improve their micro innovation ability and expand the influence of micro innovation through information technology, so as to obtain and maintain the competitive advantage through continuous micro-innovation.
{"title":"Informatization, Micro-Innovation and Dynamic Competitive Advantage","authors":"Jiayu Chi","doi":"10.4236/ajibm.2021.117052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2021.117052","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the perspective of micro-innovation, this paper puts forward the formation mechanism model of dynamic competitive advantage to explain the formation mechanism of dynamic competitive advantage in super competitive environment and the internal mechanism of information technology helping enterprises obtain dynamic competitive advantage. The formation mechanism model of dynamic competitive advantage emphasizes that in the super competitive market environment, enterprises cannot continue to obtain long-term competitive advantage by monopolizing the scarce resources that cannot be imitated and replaced, and they need to improve their micro innovation ability and expand the influence of micro innovation through information technology, so as to obtain and maintain the competitive advantage through continuous micro-innovation.","PeriodicalId":360400,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Industrial and Business Management","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126181353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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