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McKay trees 麦凯的树木
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-09-04 DOI: 10.5802/alco.270
Avraham Aizenbud, I. Entova-Aizenbud
Given a finite group $G$ and its representation $rho$, the corresponding McKay graph is a graph $Gamma(G,rho)$ whose vertices are the irreducible representations of $G$; the number of edges between two vertices $pi,tau$ of $Gamma(G,rho)$ is $dim Hom_G(pi otimes rho, tau) $. The collection of all McKay graphs for a given group $G$ encodes, in a sense, its character table. Such graphs were also used by McKay to provide a bijection between the finite subgroups of $SU(2)$ and the affine Dynkin diagrams of types $A, D, E$, the bijection given by considering the appropriate McKay graphs. In this paper, we classify all (undirected) trees which are McKay graphs of finite groups and describe the corresponding pairs $(G,rho)$; this classification turns out to be very concise. Moreover, we give a partial classification of McKay graphs which are forests, and construct some non-trivial examples of such forests.
给定一个有限群$G$及其表示$rho$,相应的McKay图是一个图$Gamma(G,rho)$,其顶点是$G$的不可约表示;$Gamma(G,rho)$的两个顶点$pi,tau$之间的边数为$dim Hom_G(pi otimes rho, tau) $。给定组$G$的所有McKay图的集合在某种意义上编码了它的字符表。这样的图也被McKay用来提供$SU(2)$的有限子群和类型为$A, D, E$的仿射Dynkin图之间的双射,这种双射是通过考虑适当的McKay图给出的。本文对有限群的McKay图的所有(无向)树进行了分类,并描述了相应的对$(G,rho)$;这种分类结果非常简洁。此外,我们给出了属于森林的McKay图的部分分类,并构造了一些非平凡的例子。
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引用次数: 0
Symmetric group characters of almost square shape 近似方形的对称群特征
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-08-30 DOI: 10.5802/alco.247
Sho Matsumoto, Piotr Śniady
A BSTRACT . We give closed product formulas for the irreducible characters of the symmetric groups related to rectangular ‘almost square’ Young diagrams p × ( p + δ ) for a fixed value of an integer δ and an arbitrary integer p .
摘要。对于定值的整数δ和任意整数p,给出了与矩形“几乎平方”杨图(p × (p + δ))有关的对称群的不可约性质的闭积公式。
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引用次数: 0
Rowmotion on fences 围栏上的骚动
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-08-27 DOI: 10.5802/alco.256
S. Elizalde, Matthew Plante, Tom Roby, B. Sagan
A fence is a poset with elements F = {x_1, x_2, ..., x_n} and covers x_1x_{a+1}>...>x_b
栅栏是元素F = {x_1, x_2,…, x_n},涵盖x_1x_{a+1}>…>x_b
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引用次数: 5
A lifting of the Goulden–Jackson cluster method to the Malvenuto–Reutenauer algebra Malvenuto-Reutenauer代数中golden - jackson聚类方法的提升
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.5802/alco.255
Zhuang Yan
The Goulden–Jackson cluster method is a powerful tool for counting words by occurrences of prescribed subwords, and was adapted by Elizalde and Noy for counting permutations by occurrences of prescribed consecutive patterns. In this paper, we lift the cluster method for permutations to the Malvenuto–Reutenauer algebra. Upon applying standard homomorphisms, our result specializes to both the cluster method for permutations as well as a q -analogue which keeps track of the inversion number statistic. We construct additional homomorphisms using the theory of shuffle-compatibility, leading to further specializations which keep track of various “inverse statistics”, including the inverse descent number, inverse peak number, and inverse left peak number. This approach is then used to derive formulas for counting permutations by occurrences of two families of consecutive patterns—monotone patterns and transpositional patterns—refined by these statistics.
Goulden–Jackson聚类方法是一种通过指定子词的出现来计数单词的强大工具,Elizalde和Noy将其用于通过指定连续模式的出现来计算排列。本文将置换的聚类方法推广到Malvenuto–Reutenauer代数中。在应用标准同态的基础上,我们的结果专门用于排列的聚类方法以及跟踪反转数统计的q-类似方法。我们使用混洗相容理论构造了额外的同态,导致了跟踪各种“逆统计”的进一步专业化,包括逆下降数、逆峰值数和逆左峰值数。然后,这种方法被用来推导公式,通过这些统计数据提炼出两个连续模式族——单调模式和转置模式——的出现来计算排列。
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引用次数: 6
Stable centres of wreath products 花环产品的稳定中心
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.5802/alco.264
Christopher Ryba
A result of Farahat and Higman shows that there is a ``universal'' algebra, $mathrm{FH}$, interpolating the centres of symmetric group algebras, $Z(mathbb{Z}S_n)$. We explain that this algebra is isomorphic to $mathcal{R} otimes Lambda$, where $mathcal{R}$ is the ring of integer-valued polynomials and $Lambda$ is the ring of symmetric functions. Moreover, the isomorphism is via ``evaluation at Jucys-Murphy elements'', which leads to character formulae for symmetric groups. Then, we generalise this result to wreath products $Gamma wr S_n$ of a fixed finite group $Gamma$. This involves constructing wreath-product versions $mathcal{R}_Gamma$ and $Lambda(Gamma_*)$ of $mathcal{R}$ and $Lambda$, respectively, which are interesting in their own right (for example, both are Hopf algebras). We show that the universal algebra for wreath products, $mathrm{FH}_Gamma$, is isomorphic to $mathcal{R}_Gamma otimes Lambda(Gamma_*)$ and use this to compute the $p$-blocks of wreath products.
Farahat和Higman的一个结果表明,存在一个“泛”代数$mathrm{FH}$,对对称群代数$Z(mathbb{Z}S_n)$。我们解释了这个代数同构于$mathcal{R}otimesLambda$,其中$mathical{R}$是整数值多项式的环,$Lambda$是对称函数的环。此外,同构是通过“在Jucys-Murphy元素上的评估”,这导致了对称群的特征公式。然后,我们将这个结果推广到固定有限群$Gamma$的环积$Gammawr S_n$。这涉及到构建花圈产品版本$mathcal{R}_分别为$mathcal{R}$和$Lambda$的Gamma$和$Lambda(Gamma_*)$,它们本身就很有趣(例如,两者都是Hopf代数)。我们证明了环积的泛代数$mathrm{FH}_Gamma$,同构于$mathcal{R}_GammaotimesLambda(Gamma_*)$,并使用它来计算花圈积的$p$块。
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引用次数: 2
Generating series of non-oriented constellations and marginal sums in the Matching-Jack conjecture 配对-杰克猜想中无取向星座序列及边际和的生成
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-06-29 DOI: 10.5802/alco.207
Houcine Ben Dali
Using the description of hypermaps with matchings, Goulden and Jackson have given an expression of the generating series of rooted bipartite maps in terms of the zonal polynomials. We generalize this approach to the case of constellations on non-oriented surfaces that have recently been introduced by Chapuy and Do{l}k{e}ga. A key step in the proof is an encoding of constellations with tuples of matchings. We consider a one parameter deformation of the generating series of constellations using Jack polynomials and we introduce the coefficients $c^lambda_{mu^0,...,mu^k}(b)$ obtained by the expansion of these functions in the power-sum basis. These coefficients are indexed by $k+2$ integer partitions and the deformation parameter $b$, and can be considered as a generalization for $kgeq1$ of the connection coefficients introduced by Goulden and Jackson. We prove that when we take some marginal sums, these coefficients enumerate $b$-weighted $k$-tuples of matchings. This can be seen as an"unrooted"version of a recent result of Chapuy and Do{l}k{e}ga for constellations. For $k=1$, this gives a partial answer to Goulden and Jackson Matching-Jack conjecture. Lassale has formulated a positivity conjecture for the coefficients $theta^{(alpha)}_mu(lambda)$, defined as the coefficient of the Jack polynomial $J_lambda^{(alpha)}$ in the power-sum basis. We use the second main result of this paper to give a proof of this conjecture in the case of partitions $lambda$ with rectangular shape.
Goulden和Jackson利用具有匹配的超映射的描述,用区域多项式给出了根二分映射的生成级数的表达式。我们将这种方法推广到Chapuy和Do最近引入的非定向表面上的星座的情况{e}ga.证明中的一个关键步骤是用匹配元组对星座进行编码。我们考虑了使用Jack多项式生成星座序列的一个单参数变形,并引入了通过在幂和基上展开这些函数获得的系数$c^lambda_{mu^0,…,mu^k}(b)$。这些系数由$k+2$整数分区和变形参数$b$索引,并且可以被认为是Goulden和Jackson引入的连接系数$kgeq1$的推广。我们证明了当我们取一些边际和时,这些系数列举了匹配的$b$加权$k$元组。这可以被视为Chapuy和Do{l sk最近结果的“未展开”版本{e}ga用于星座。对于$k=1$,这给出了Goulden和Jackson Matching Jack猜想的部分答案。Lassale对系数$theta^{(alpha)}_mu(lambda)$提出了一个正性猜想,定义为幂和基上Jack多项式$J_lambda^{)}$的系数。我们用本文的第二个主要结果在矩形分区$lambda$的情况下给出了这个猜想的证明。
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引用次数: 1
Coxeter Pop-Tsack Torsing Coxeter Pop-Tsack Torsing
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.5802/alco.226
Colin Defant, Nathan Williams
Given a finite irreducible Coxeter group W with a fixed Coxeter element c , we define the Coxeter pop-tsack torsing operator Pop T : W → W by Pop T ( w ) = w · π T ( w ) − 1 , where π T ( w ) is the join in the noncrossing partition lattice NC( w,c ) of the set of reflections lying weakly below w in the absolute order. This definition serves as a “Bessis dual” version of the first author’s notion of a Coxeter pop-stack sorting operator, which, in turn, generalizes the pop-stack sorting map on symmetric groups. We show that if W is coincidental or of type D , then the identity element of W is the unique periodic point of Pop T and the maximum size of a forward orbit of Pop T is the Coxeter number h of W . In each of these types, we obtain a natural lift from W to the dual braid monoid of W . We also prove that W is coincidental if and only if it has a unique forward orbit of size h . For arbitrary W , we show that the forward orbit of c − 1 under Pop T has size h and is isolated in the sense that none of the non-identity elements of the orbit have preimages lying outside of the orbit.
给定具有固定Coxeter元素c的有限不可约Coxeter群W,我们定义了Coxeter pop-tack扭转算子pop T:W→ W by Pop T(W)=W·πT(W。这一定义是第一作者Coxeter pop堆栈排序算子概念的“Bessis对偶”版本,进而推广了对称群上的pop堆栈分类映射。我们证明,如果W是重合的或是D型的,那么W的单位元素是Pop T的唯一周期点,Pop T前向轨道的最大大小是W的Coxeter数h。在这些类型中的每一种中,我们都获得了从W到W的双辫半群的自然升力。我们还证明了W是巧合的,当且仅当它有一个大小为h的唯一前向轨道。对于任意W,我们证明了在Pop T下c−1的前向轨道的大小为h,并且是孤立的,因为轨道的非同一元素都没有位于轨道外的前像。
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引用次数: 4
On the Saxl graphs of primitive groups with soluble stabilisers 具有可溶性稳定剂的原始群的Saxl图
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-05-25 DOI: 10.5802/alco.238
Timothy C. Burness, Hongdi Huang
Let G be a transitive permutation group on a finite set Ω and recall that a base for G is a subset of Ω with trivial pointwise stabiliser. The base size of G , denoted b ( G ), is the minimal size of a base. If b ( G ) = 2 then we can study the Saxl graph Σ( G ) of G , which has vertex set Ω and two vertices are adjacent if and only if they form a base. This is a vertex-transitive graph, which is conjectured to be connected with diameter at most 2 when G is primitive. In this paper, we combine probabilistic and computational methods to prove a strong form of this conjecture for all almost simple primitive groups with soluble point stabilisers. In this setting, we also establish best possible lower bounds on the clique and independence numbers of Σ( G ) and we determine the groups with a unique regular suborbit, which can be interpreted in terms of the valency of Σ( G ).
设G是有限集上的传递置换群Ω 回想一下,G的基是Ω 使用琐碎的逐点稳定器。G的基底尺寸,表示为b(G),是基底的最小尺寸。如果b(G)=2,则我们可以研究具有顶点集的G的Saxl图∑(G)Ω 并且两个顶点是相邻的,当且仅当它们形成基。这是一个顶点传递图,当G是基元时,它被推测与直径至多为2的图相连。在本文中,我们将概率和计算方法相结合,证明了所有具有可解点稳定器的几乎简单基群的这个猜想的一个强形式。在这个设置中,我们还建立了∑(G)的团数和独立数的最佳可能下界,并确定了具有唯一正则子比特的群,该子比特可以用∑(G)的价态来解释。
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引用次数: 5
Euler obstructions for the Lagrangian Grassmannian 拉格朗日格拉斯曼方程的欧拉障碍
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-05-18 DOI: 10.5802/alco.211
P. LeVan, Claudiu Raicu
We prove a case of a positivity conjecture of Mihalcea–Singh, concerned with the local Euler obstructions associated to the Schubert stratification of the Lagrangian Grassman- nian LG ( n, 2 n ). Combined with work of Aluffi–Mihalcea–Schürmann–Su, this further implies the positivity of the Mather classes for Schubert varieties in LG ( n, 2 n ), which Mihalcea–Singh had verified for the other cominuscule spaces of classical Lie type. Building on the work of Boe and Fu, we give a positive recursion for the local Euler obstructions, and use it to show that they provide a positive count of admissible labelings of certain trees, analogous to the ones describing Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials. Unlike in the case of the Grassmannians in types A and D, for LG ( n, 2 n ) the Euler obstructions e y,w may vanish for certain pairs ( y,w ) with y (cid:54) w in the Bruhat order. Our combinatorial description allows us to classify all the pairs ( y,w ) for which e y,w = 0. Restricting to the big opposite cell in LG ( n, 2 n ), which is naturally identified with the space of n × n symmetric matrices, we recover the formulas for the local Euler obstructions associated with the matrix rank stratification.
我们证明了与Lagrangian Grassman- nian LG (n, 2n)的Schubert分层有关的局部欧拉障碍物的Mihalcea-Singh的一个正猜想。结合aluffi - mihalcea - sch rmann - su的工作,这进一步暗示了LG (n, 2n)中Schubert变体的Mather类的正性,Mihalcea-Singh已经在经典Lie型的其他共微空间中验证了这一正性。在Boe和Fu的工作的基础上,我们给出了局部欧拉障碍的正递推,并用它来证明它们提供了某些树的可容许标记的正计数,类似于描述Kazhdan-Lusztig多项式的标记。与A型和D型的格拉斯曼人不同,对于LG (n, 2n)欧拉障碍e y,w对于某些对(y,w)和y (cid:54) w在Bruhat数列中可能会消失。我们的组合描述允许我们对所有y,w = 0的对(y,w)进行分类。限制LG (n, 2n)中的大对胞,它自然地等同于n × n对称矩阵的空间,我们恢复了与矩阵秩分层相关的局部欧拉障碍的公式。
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引用次数: 1
Tableau models for semi-infinite Bruhat order and level-zero representations of quantum affine algebras 半无限Bruhat阶的表模型和量子仿射代数的零级表示
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.5802/alco.242
Motohiro Ishii
We prove that semi-infinite Bruhat order on an affine Weyl group is completely determined from those on the quotients by affine Weyl subgroups associated with various maximal (standard) parabolic subgroups of finite type. Furthermore, for an affine Weyl group of classical type, we give a complete classification of all cover relations of semi-infinite Bruhat order (or equivalently, all edges of the quantum Bruhat graphs) on the quotients in terms of tableaux. Combining these we obtain a tableau criterion for semi-infinite Bruhat order on an affine Weyl group of classical type. As an application, we give new tableau models for the crystal bases of a level-zero fundamental representation and a level-zero extremal weight module over a quantum affine algebra of classical untwisted type, which we call quantum Kashiwara-Nakashima columns and semi-infinite Kashiwara-Nakashima tableaux. We give an explicit description of the crystal isomorphisms among three different realizations of the crystal basis of a level-zero fundamental representation by quantum Lakshmibai-Seshadri paths, quantum Kashiwara-Nakashima columns, and (ordinary) Kashiwara-Nakashima columns.
证明了仿射Weyl群上的半无限Bruhat阶完全由与各种有限型极大(标准)抛物子群相关联的仿射Weyl子群的商上的半无限Bruhat阶决定。此外,对于经典类型的仿射Weyl群,我们给出了商上的半无限Bruhat阶的所有覆盖关系(或等价地,量子Bruhat图的所有边)在表aux上的完全分类。结合这些,我们得到了经典型仿射Weyl群上半无限Bruhat阶的表判据。作为应用,我们给出了经典非扭曲型量子仿射代数上具有零级基本表示和零级极值权模的晶体基的新表模型,我们称之为量子Kashiwara-Nakashima列和半无限Kashiwara-Nakashima表。我们给出了量子Lakshmibai-Seshadri路径、量子Kashiwara-Nakashima列和(普通)Kashiwara-Nakashima列在零级基本表示的晶体基的三种不同实现之间的晶体同构的明确描述。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Algebraic Combinatorics
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