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Immersive Virtual Reality Mockup Versus Physical Mockup 沉浸式虚拟现实模型与物理模型
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-03-25 DOI: 10.25219/epoj.2022.00108
This paper presents the results from an academic-industry partnership where a team of university researchers and architecture, engineering, and construction industry (AEC) professionals compared a physical mockup to an immersive virtual reality (VR) environment. The goals of this research were to understand how and in what ways VR can replace the use of physical mockups. The study included an experiment where two groups of AEC professionals reviewed a physical mockup and a VR mockup of the same hotel room layout. Group members were asked first to evaluate each mockup from the owner's standpoint as hotel guests and housekeepers, and then suggest design changes based on their professional expertise individually. The groups were thenasked to discuss the design together and make a team decision. At the end of the experiment, participants reflected on how the VR mockup did or did not meet their needs in reviewing the room design. The findings from this study show that VR cannot yet fully replace physical mockups due to the user dimension perception, lack of touch sense, unrealistic simulation in VR, and the need for physical samples. However, participants reported VR could be a cost-efficient tool to look at design options and layout in the early design phase and get feedback from the project team andend-users before the construction of the physical mockup to save potential time and money in rework. They also suggested using VR for visualization of the conflicts between different building systems in 3D coordination process.
本文介绍了一个由大学研究人员和建筑、工程和建筑行业(AEC)专业人士组成的学术-行业合作伙伴关系的结果,该团队将物理模型与沉浸式虚拟现实(VR)环境进行了比较。这项研究的目标是了解VR如何以及以何种方式取代实体模型的使用。该研究包括一项实验,两组AEC专业人员对同一酒店房间布局的物理模型和虚拟现实模型进行了审查。小组成员被要求首先从酒店客人和管家的角度评估每个模型,然后根据他们的专业知识单独提出设计变更建议。然后这些小组被要求一起讨论设计并做出团队决策。在实验结束时,参与者在回顾房间设计时反思虚拟现实模型是否满足了他们的需求。本研究的结果表明,由于用户的维度感知,触觉的缺乏,VR中的模拟不现实,以及对物理样本的需求,VR还不能完全取代物理模型。然而,与会者报告说,VR可能是一种经济有效的工具,可以在早期设计阶段查看设计选项和布局,并在构建物理模型之前从项目团队和最终用户那里获得反馈,从而节省返工的时间和金钱。他们还建议在三维协调过程中使用VR来可视化不同建筑系统之间的冲突。
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引用次数: 0
Progressing and Discipline and Profession of Projects 项目进度、学科和专业
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.25219/epoj.2022.00107
L. Crawford
This essay reflects on Peter Morris’s concerns about the the way that projectmanagement has been articulated through the advocacy of those institutions and associations that were formed to recognise project management as a distinct area of activity. The essay considers how project management has wrestled with the challenge of being recoginised as both a discipline and a profession and how there has been both progress and concern at how our understanding and practice of project management has evolved. The essay concludes with a recognition that the developments in both the understanding of the discipline of project management and the profession of project management have been in directions that Peter Morris was recommending for many years but, as he also made clear, we cannot rest on our laurels as there is still more to be done.
这篇文章反映了Peter Morris对项目管理方式的关注,即通过那些机构和协会的倡导来阐述项目管理的方式,这些机构和协会的形成是为了将项目管理视为一个独特的活动领域。这篇文章考虑了项目管理是如何应对被公认为一门学科和一门专业的挑战的,以及我们对项目管理的理解和实践是如何发展的,是如何取得进步和关注的。文章最后承认,对项目管理学科的理解和项目管理专业的发展一直是彼得·莫里斯多年来推荐的方向,但是,正如他也明确指出的那样,我们不能满足于我们的荣誉,因为还有更多的事情要做。
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引用次数: 0
From Project Management to the ‘Management of Projects’ 从项目管理到“项目管理”
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.25219/epoj.2022.00106
A. Davies
This paper suggests that were three main motivations driving Peter Morris to developthe Management of Projects (MoP) as an alternative approach to traditional projectmanagement: first, the need to improve the performance and practice of project management; second, the need to understand the history, context and challenges facing society; and third the need to engage with theory and scholarship. The paper draws upon Peter’s three main single or co-authored books which form the corpus of his work on MoP.
本文认为,有三个主要的动机促使Peter Morris发展项目管理(MoP)作为传统项目管理的替代方法:第一,需要提高项目管理的绩效和实践;第二,需要了解历史、背景和社会面临的挑战;第三,需要参与理论和学术研究。本文借鉴了彼得的三个主要的单一或共同撰写的书籍,这些书籍构成了他在MoP上工作的语料库。
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引用次数: 0
Limited Diversity in risk treatment selection in public infrastructure projects 公共基础设施项目风险处理选择多样性有限
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-09-20 DOI: 10.25219/epoj.2022.00105
Vorgers, de Groot, van Buiten, Volker
In public infrastructure projects, risks can emerge quickly due to its externaluncertainties and interdependencies among a large number of stakeholders. Scholars still debate whether the current approach of risk management is dynamic enough to safeguard project objectives in such public environments. Because of little empirical evidence that explains how and why Project Management Teams (PMTs) select a specific risk treatment, we aim to characterize risk treatment selection by PMTs in public infrastructure projects. Based on document reviews and semi-structured interviews with PMT members and their executives of a Dutch project-oriented public infrastructure agency, it was found that the diversity in risk treatment selection is limited and risk treatment in public infrastructure projects focuses on controlling risk predominantly through preventive control measures. Although PMTs also intentionally control risk through preventive measures, the decision to do so is often implicitly taken and constitutes an unwitting routine that PMTs seem to have developed due to a risk-averse organizational culture. We conclude with providing directions to improve risk management practices and enable more diversity in risk treatment selection by PMTs in public infrastructure projects.
在公共基础设施项目中,由于其外部不确定性和大量利益相关者之间的相互依赖性,风险可能很快出现。学者们仍在争论当前的风险管理方法是否足够动态,以确保在这样的公共环境中实现项目目标。由于很少有经验证据解释项目管理团队(pmt)如何以及为什么选择特定的风险处理,我们的目标是描述pmt在公共基础设施项目中的风险处理选择。基于文献回顾和对荷兰某项目导向的公共基础设施机构的PMT成员及其高管的半结构化访谈,我们发现风险处理选择的多样性有限,公共基础设施项目的风险处理主要侧重于通过预防性控制措施来控制风险。虽然pmt也有意通过预防措施来控制风险,但这样做的决定往往是隐含的,并且构成了pmt似乎由于厌恶风险的组织文化而发展起来的不知情的常规。最后,我们提供了改进风险管理实践的方向,并使pmt在公共基础设施项目中的风险处理选择更加多样化。
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引用次数: 0
A path less-traveled has become the highway: How Peter Morris’s TheAnatomy of Major Projects pointed the way to modern project managementresearch and practice 少有人走的路变成了高速公路:彼得·莫里斯的《大项目剖析》如何为现代项目管理研究和实践指明了方向
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-07-23 DOI: 10.25219/epoj.2022.00103
J. Pinto
In his seminal book, The Anatomy of Major Projects (co-authored with George Hough),Peter Morris established himself as one of the early, original theorists in project management scholarship. Not simply a ground-breaking study of major projects at its time, Anatomy has proven to have both a lasting residual impact as well as serving as a wellspring of new ideas and directions for research and theory in the field. This essay, honoring Morris's impact on our scholarly community, focuses on an examination of Anatomy - both on its many contributions, as well as serving as the source for shifting the manner in which a new generation of academics and practitioners understand how projects can best be organized, managed, and understood.
在他的开创性著作《重大项目剖析》(与乔治·霍夫合著)中,彼得·莫里斯将自己确立为项目管理学术领域早期的原创理论家之一。解剖学不仅仅是当时重大项目的开创性研究,它已被证明具有持久的残余影响,同时也是该领域研究和理论的新思想和新方向的源泉。这篇文章,为了纪念莫里斯对我们学术界的影响,将重点放在解剖学的研究上——既有它的许多贡献,也作为改变新一代学者和实践者理解项目如何最好地组织、管理和理解的方式的来源。
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引用次数: 0
Building people as they build work: promoting the recruitment and retention of construction professionals by facilitating agency 在建造业中培养人才:通过中介促进建造业专业人员的招聘和保留
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-07-23 DOI: 10.25219/epoj.2022.00104
Hwangbo Bae, Denise R. Simmons, Cassandra McCall
Turnover rates in construction are high and must be slowed to meet the needs of an expanding and evolving industry. Therefore, it is critical to understand what makes construction professionals continue their employment in a company and persist in the field. This exploratory study examined the work values that influenced construction professionals’ decisions to seek employment at a company (i.e., values influencing recruitment) with the work values they perceived as lacking within the company (i.e., values influencing retention). Qualitative analysis of open-ended survey responses from 314 construction professionals identified three salient work values for improving recruitment: (1) development, (2) autonomy, and (3) belonging; and three values for retention: (4) advancement, (5) inclusivity, and (6) flexibility. Two actions that companies can exercise to support these values were also identified: (1) communicating and demonstrating a commitment to building people as they build work such as promoting modus operandi, trust and practice, and personification, and (2) building an employee-centered structure for communication, empowerment, and acknowledgment that is not stifling to employees. These findings point to a larger implication for construction companies’ recruitment and retention efforts to build employees as active agents in navigating their career paths at a company.
建筑业的人员流动率很高,必须放慢速度,以满足不断扩大和发展的行业的需要。因此,了解是什么让建筑专业人员继续在公司工作并坚持在该领域工作是至关重要的。本探索性研究考察了影响建筑专业人员在公司求职决策的工作价值观(即影响招聘的价值观)和他们认为在公司缺乏的工作价值观(即影响留任的价值观)。对314名建筑专业人员的开放式调查反馈进行定性分析,确定了改善招聘的三个突出的工作价值:(1)发展,(2)自主,(3)归属;以及留住员工的三个价值观:(4)进步性,(5)包容性,(6)灵活性。还确定了公司可以采取的两项行动来支持这些价值观:(1)在建立工作时进行沟通并展示对建立人员的承诺,例如促进工作方式,信任和实践,以及人格化;(2)建立以员工为中心的沟通,授权和认可结构,这不会使员工感到窒息。这些发现对建筑公司在招聘和留住员工方面所做的努力有更大的启示,即把员工培养成在公司职业道路上积极主动的人。
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引用次数: 0
Contrasting Perceptions of Construction Managers and Project Managers Around Failure in Light of Morris and Geraldi’s Institutional Context 在Morris和Geraldi的制度背景下对比施工经理和项目经理对失败的看法
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-07-23 DOI: 10.25219/epoj.2022.00102
D. Chiponde, Barry J. Gledson, D. Greenwood
In their 2011 paper titled “Managing the Institutional Context for Projects” Morris and Geraldi raised the importance of the institutional context in the management of projects. Building on that, this study proposes the conceptualisation and understanding of project-related failure and success through an institutional perspective. This is based on an understanding that projects are distinctive, time-constrained, undertakings meant to generate benefits for all associated stakeholders whose perception of failure varies. Yet, little attention has been given to explaining how such perception is influenced by underlying institutional contexts. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the knowledge base for contrasting perspectives of project managers and construction managers around project-related failure in light of the institutional perspectives. To do this, a systematic literature review (SLR) approach was adopted. The first finding of note from this SLR is the dominance of interest in and from the UK Construction Industry (UKCI). This may be attributed to the culture and structure of the UKCI driven by the autonomy and authority of organisations such as the National Audit Office (NAO). The findings further reveal that in the general Project Management (PM) literature, considerations of failure are more introspective and discussed more in terms of project outputs with the causes associated with project management limitations. Considering the three levels discussed by Morris and Geraldi (2011) the PM perspective of failure and success can be associated with the technical level of analysis of project outputs. In contrast, the Construction Management (CM) literature focuses predominantly on specific failures, and on external failures. Causes are more attributed to profitability and the wider supply chain and this can be associated with Morris’s strategic level focus on effectiveness and value. The results from this study call for a systemic approach by heeding the call of Prof. Peter Morris to consider the institutional context level in the perception and analysis of failure instead of solely focusing on output or technical level parameters of time cost and quality.
Morris和Geraldi在2011年发表的题为“管理项目的制度背景”的论文中提出了制度背景在项目管理中的重要性。在此基础上,本研究提出了从制度角度对项目相关失败和成功的概念化和理解。这是基于这样一种理解,即项目是独特的、有时间限制的、旨在为所有相关利益相关者产生利益的事业,这些利益相关者对失败的看法各不相同。然而,很少有人注意解释这种看法是如何受到潜在制度背景的影响的。因此,本研究的目的是在制度视角下,检验项目经理和施工经理在项目相关失败方面的对比视角的知识基础。为此,采用了系统文献综述(SLR)方法。SLR的第一个发现是对英国建筑业(UKCI)的兴趣占主导地位。这可能归因于UKCI的文化和结构,由国家审计署(NAO)等组织的自主权和权威所驱动。研究结果进一步表明,在一般的项目管理(PM)文献中,对失败的考虑更多地是内省的,并且更多地从项目产出的角度讨论与项目管理限制相关的原因。考虑到Morris和Geraldi(2011)讨论的三个层面,项目管理的失败和成功视角可以与项目产出分析的技术层面相关联。相反,构建管理(CM)文献主要关注于特定的失败,以及外部的失败。原因更多地归因于盈利能力和更广泛的供应链,这可能与莫里斯对有效性和价值的战略层面的关注有关。这项研究的结果要求采用系统的方法,听取Peter Morris教授的呼吁,在感知和分析失败时考虑制度背景水平,而不是仅仅关注产出或时间成本和质量的技术水平参数。
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引用次数: 0
Projecting for Sustainability Transitions: Advancing the Contribution of Peter Morris 可持续转型的规划:推进彼得·莫里斯的贡献
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-07-23 DOI: 10.25219/epoj.2022.00101
G. Winch
Projects are both shaped by processes of socio-economic change and shape thoseprocesses of socio-economic change – an insight that guided much in Peter Morris’ career and contribution. In this paper, we address a growing concern of both Peter and the projects research community more generally with the grand challenges we all face, particularly achieving net zero. We therefore place project organizing research in the context of the four industrial revolutions and the Anthropocene over the last 250 years or so. In particular, we focus on the role of projects in sustainability transitions – that is the transition from one sociotechnical regime to another such as from fossil fuels to renewables for electricity generation. On this basis, we suggest that the major projects of the third industrial revolution that Peter so comprehensively analysed may not be the most appropriate models for addressing the challenges of the fourth when projecting for sustainability transitions. We close by suggesting one potential additional approach.
项目既受社会经济变化过程的影响,又影响社会经济变化过程——这一洞察力在很大程度上指导了彼得·莫里斯的职业生涯和贡献。在本文中,我们解决了Peter和项目研究界日益关注的问题,我们都面临着巨大的挑战,特别是实现净零排放。因此,我们将项目组织研究置于过去250年左右的四次工业革命和人类世的背景下。我们特别关注项目在可持续转型中的作用,即从一种社会技术体制向另一种社会技术体制的转变,例如从化石燃料到可再生能源发电。在此基础上,我们认为,彼得如此全面分析的第三次工业革命的主要项目,在规划可持续性转型时,可能不是解决第四次工业革命挑战的最合适模型。最后,我们提出一种可能的附加方法。
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引用次数: 6
How Transport Infrastructure Cost Evaluation Is Affected by choice of inflation index 通胀指标选择对交通基础设施成本评估的影响
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.25219/epoj.2021.00113
Transport infrastructure projects typically take a number of years to complete and there is a strong case for adjusting ‘nominal costs’ incurred in different years to ‘real costs’ in base year prices by using an inflation index. The literature on the funding and financing of transport infrastructure projects and investment in public works addresses the choice of inflation index as a metaphorical footnote on the treatment of costs incurred in different years. This article gives deeper consideration to this issue and identifies the substantial effect the choice of inflation index has on ex-post cost evaluation. ‘Inflation shopping’ can occur when there are alternative inflation indices to choose between, and where the choice of inflation index has a substantive effect on the outcome of ex-post cost evaluation and the allocation of inflation risk between parties. Data from Crossrail, a large rail scheme in London, is used to illustrate the effect of the choice of alternative inflation indices on ex-post cost evaluation outcomes.
运输基础设施项目通常需要数年才能完成,因此使用通货膨胀指数将不同年份产生的“名义成本”调整为基准年价格的“实际成本”是有充分理由的。关于交通基础设施项目和公共工程投资的资金和融资的文献讨论了通胀指数的选择,作为对不同年份发生的成本处理的隐喻性注脚。本文对这一问题进行了更深入的探讨,确定了通货膨胀指数的选择对事后成本评价的实质性影响。当有可供选择的通货膨胀指数时,“通货膨胀购物”就会发生,而通货膨胀指数的选择对事后成本评估的结果和各方之间通货膨胀风险的分配有实质性影响。本文使用了伦敦大型铁路项目Crossrail的数据,以说明选择替代通胀指数对事后成本评估结果的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Journal Reviews and Revisions: Advice from an Early Career Panel Discussion 期刊评论和修订:来自早期职业小组讨论的建议
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.25219/epoj.2020.00101
C. Paul, Dossick Carrie, H. Miriam, Hartmann Timo, J. Amy, M. Ashwin, Vedran Vedran
Peer review is a cornerstone of high-quality research. While attending PhD programmes, we mostly interact with advisors, however the academic quality of our work is ultimately judged by a broader range of academic peers. For early career researchers, transitioning into independent thought-leaders requires increasing exposure with our community of peers, and inevitably engaging with review practices - both as authors andreviewers. Whilst many PhD programmes around the world offer training on paper and grant reviews, journal paper reviews remain somewhat vague to many researchers at all levels who haven’t had extensive exposure to advisors, editors, and peers who share their understanding of expectations and best practices. This article provides a discussion of the review and revision process for journal articles, including a check-list for each section.
同行评议是高质量研究的基石。在攻读博士课程时,我们主要与导师互动,但我们工作的学术质量最终由更广泛的学术同行来评判。对于早期的职业研究人员来说,过渡到独立的思想领袖需要增加与同行社区的接触,并且不可避免地参与评审实践——无论是作为作者还是作为观众。虽然世界各地的许多博士课程都提供论文和拨款审查方面的培训,但期刊论文审查对许多各级研究人员来说仍然有些模糊,因为他们没有广泛接触过顾问、编辑和同行,他们分享了他们对期望和最佳实践的理解。本文提供了对期刊文章的审查和修订过程的讨论,包括每个部分的检查表。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Engineering Project Organization Journal
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