{"title":"The Growing Importance of Teaching Soft Skills in Accounting Classes","authors":"","doi":"10.33423/jaf.v23i3.6277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jaf.v23i3.6277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36300,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77375474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of the Determinants of the United States and U.K. Banks’ Profitability","authors":"","doi":"10.33423/jaf.v23i3.6282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jaf.v23i3.6282","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36300,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74917291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diversification and Earnings Management at U.S. Bank Holding Companies","authors":"","doi":"10.33423/jaf.v23i3.6310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jaf.v23i3.6310","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36300,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89367445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Goodwill impairment involves subjective estimations and a high degree of managerial discretion. However, it remains unclear whether CEOs or CFOs have more influence on goodwill valuation. We address the question by investigating the relation between executives’ equity incentives and goodwill impairments. We find that firms with higher CEO or CFO equity incentives report lower annual goodwill impairments. Interestingly, the negative relation is stronger for CFO equity incentives. Further, we conjecture and find that the relative influence of CEOs and CFOs on goodwill impairments differs in a setting involving executive turnovers. Specifically, we find that a new CFO has no significant effect on impairment decisions. In contrast, a new CEO is associated with a higher probability of recording a large goodwill impairment, presumably to engage in “big bath” accounting. Taken together, our results suggest that, while incumbent CFOs are in charge of routine review of goodwill valuation, new CEOs have the final authority on large-impairment decisions.
{"title":"Who Makes the Call on Goodwill Impairment Charges: CEOs or CFOs?","authors":"Ronald P. Guidry, Joseph Johnston, Brent Lao","doi":"10.33423/jaf.v23i3.6307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jaf.v23i3.6307","url":null,"abstract":"Goodwill impairment involves subjective estimations and a high degree of managerial discretion. However, it remains unclear whether CEOs or CFOs have more influence on goodwill valuation. We address the question by investigating the relation between executives’ equity incentives and goodwill impairments. We find that firms with higher CEO or CFO equity incentives report lower annual goodwill impairments. Interestingly, the negative relation is stronger for CFO equity incentives. Further, we conjecture and find that the relative influence of CEOs and CFOs on goodwill impairments differs in a setting involving executive turnovers. Specifically, we find that a new CFO has no significant effect on impairment decisions. In contrast, a new CEO is associated with a higher probability of recording a large goodwill impairment, presumably to engage in “big bath” accounting. Taken together, our results suggest that, while incumbent CFOs are in charge of routine review of goodwill valuation, new CEOs have the final authority on large-impairment decisions.","PeriodicalId":36300,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89453625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.13189/ujaf.2023.110302
C. D'Este, Ilaria Galavotti, Pier Luigi Marchini, Anna Maria Fellegara
{"title":"Managerial Opportunism in Fair Value Accounting: The Role of Board Composition","authors":"C. D'Este, Ilaria Galavotti, Pier Luigi Marchini, Anna Maria Fellegara","doi":"10.13189/ujaf.2023.110302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujaf.2023.110302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36300,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81580474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.13189/ujaf.2023.110301
Elizabeth Nabwire Millan, Charles Guandaru Kamau, Mary Ibua
{"title":"Effect of Mobile Banking Technology on Loan Performance of Deposit Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Organisations in Mombasa County, Kenya","authors":"Elizabeth Nabwire Millan, Charles Guandaru Kamau, Mary Ibua","doi":"10.13189/ujaf.2023.110301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujaf.2023.110301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36300,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80209834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of financial inclusion is a complex problem, and it was constructed by several aspects ranging from socio-cultural, psychological, economic, geographical and political issues. Financial inclusion under the conceptualisation of institutional theory highlights the role of institutions in active markets, government, communities and societies in explaining the financial exclusion phenomenon, emphasising its vital position as the component in influencing the realisation of financial inclusion. By implementing this theory, the main objective of this study is to examine and identify the roles of involved institutions as a critical determining factor to attain Islamic financial inclusion for the Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprise (MSME) sector in Indonesia by incorporating the notion of “Institutional Isomorphism” in their operation. This study suggests that by integrating the institutional pressure in the institutional environment of the three involving sectors, namely: The public sector, Islamic financial services providers and the MSMEs industry, this system will intensify the chance of the MSMEs sector in embracing Islamic financial inclusion, improve their productivity, and contribution to Indonesia’s sustainable economy.
{"title":"Enhancing the MSME Islamic Financial Inclusion in Indonesia: An Institutional Theory Perspective","authors":"Adi Saifurrahman, Salina Kassim","doi":"10.33423/jaf.v23i2.6042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jaf.v23i2.6042","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of financial inclusion is a complex problem, and it was constructed by several aspects ranging from socio-cultural, psychological, economic, geographical and political issues. Financial inclusion under the conceptualisation of institutional theory highlights the role of institutions in active markets, government, communities and societies in explaining the financial exclusion phenomenon, emphasising its vital position as the component in influencing the realisation of financial inclusion. By implementing this theory, the main objective of this study is to examine and identify the roles of involved institutions as a critical determining factor to attain Islamic financial inclusion for the Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprise (MSME) sector in Indonesia by incorporating the notion of “Institutional Isomorphism” in their operation. This study suggests that by integrating the institutional pressure in the institutional environment of the three involving sectors, namely: The public sector, Islamic financial services providers and the MSMEs industry, this system will intensify the chance of the MSMEs sector in embracing Islamic financial inclusion, improve their productivity, and contribution to Indonesia’s sustainable economy.","PeriodicalId":36300,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76428958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Colleges and universities are challenged with attracting faculty with the essential qualifications to deliver accounting degree programs that meet the accounting profession’s needs. Budget constraints and accreditation standards further influence colleges and universities hiring trends, particularly in the specialized areas of tax and audit. Before the pandemic, business schools began adjusting their hiring practices to address these challenges. Furthermore, institutions were redesigning degree programs to be consistent with the implemented changes in professional certification exams. The disruptive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on enrollment and operational budgets have exacerbated these challenges. Consequently, institutions may need to alter their recruitment strategies to contend with faculty shortages and provide a curriculum to meet the profession’s needs. This study explored what qualifications decision-makers deemed essential for recently hired accounting faculty. Further, we investigated to what extent particular academic institutional characteristics influenced the selection of an accounting faculty candidate. Finally, this study also reports on the trend in the essential qualifications preferred for new accounting faculty hires.
{"title":"Essential Qualifications: Accounting Faculty Selection Trends","authors":"","doi":"10.33423/jaf.v23i2.6083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jaf.v23i2.6083","url":null,"abstract":"Colleges and universities are challenged with attracting faculty with the essential qualifications to deliver accounting degree programs that meet the accounting profession’s needs. Budget constraints and accreditation standards further influence colleges and universities hiring trends, particularly in the specialized areas of tax and audit. Before the pandemic, business schools began adjusting their hiring practices to address these challenges. Furthermore, institutions were redesigning degree programs to be consistent with the implemented changes in professional certification exams. The disruptive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on enrollment and operational budgets have exacerbated these challenges. Consequently, institutions may need to alter their recruitment strategies to contend with faculty shortages and provide a curriculum to meet the profession’s needs. This study explored what qualifications decision-makers deemed essential for recently hired accounting faculty. Further, we investigated to what extent particular academic institutional characteristics influenced the selection of an accounting faculty candidate. Finally, this study also reports on the trend in the essential qualifications preferred for new accounting faculty hires.","PeriodicalId":36300,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135140207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bootstrap DEA Analysis of Comparative Efficiencies of Islamic Banks: Across Nine South and Southeast Asian Countries","authors":"","doi":"10.33423/jaf.v23i2.6163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jaf.v23i2.6163","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36300,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91084321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study seeks to understand the value of digital assets as inve stments. The study compared the returns of the FAANG stocks and the S&P 500 TR Index to Bitcoin and the CRIX index. The results found no significant difference between the returns of the FANG stocks and Bitcoin on a risk-adjusted basis. However, the study found a significant difference between the S&P 500 TR Index as compared to Bitcoin and the CRIX index on a risk-adjusted basis. The period of the study, 2018-2023, reflects the relevant time band measured by the number of published studies and academic articles. The authors conclude that while Bitcoin may be an investment of choice for a risk-seeking investment style, better assets of choice exist for a risk-averse investor building a diversified portfolio.
{"title":"Cryptocurrency Digital Assets: Evidence of the Emergence of Cryptocurrency Securities Markets as an Investment Asset Class, 2018-2023","authors":"Mitchell Miller, Dale Prondzinski","doi":"10.33423/jaf.v23i2.6090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jaf.v23i2.6090","url":null,"abstract":"This study seeks to understand the value of digital assets as inve stments. The study compared the returns of the FAANG stocks and the S&P 500 TR Index to Bitcoin and the CRIX index. The results found no significant difference between the returns of the FANG stocks and Bitcoin on a risk-adjusted basis. However, the study found a significant difference between the S&P 500 TR Index as compared to Bitcoin and the CRIX index on a risk-adjusted basis. The period of the study, 2018-2023, reflects the relevant time band measured by the number of published studies and academic articles. The authors conclude that while Bitcoin may be an investment of choice for a risk-seeking investment style, better assets of choice exist for a risk-averse investor building a diversified portfolio.","PeriodicalId":36300,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83910251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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