Industry 4.0 adoption is expected to profoundly impact the entire spectrum of industries, especially in manufacturing. By using a confluence of automation, data, and digitalisation, Industry 4.0 aims to radically transform how organisations operate presently while increasing productivity, enhancing flexibility, reducing costs, and improving efficiency. More companies are strategically embracing Industry 4.0 approaches to leverage opportunities arising from newly connected computers and increasingly autonomous automation systems (e.g., robotics), equipped with intelligent machine learning algorithms that control the robotics without much human input. In these 'smart' factories, cyber-physical systems (i.e., independently operating systems that self-optimize and communicate with each other, and ultimately optimize production) monitor the physical manufacturing processes and play an increasingly important role in terms of decision-making. Industry 4.0 signifies three mutually interconnected factors, namely digitisation and integration of any technical-economic networks, digitisation of products and services, and new market models. At the core of this new smart manufacturing paradigm is the Internet of Things that drives the conversion of traditional factories into a 'smart' manufacturing environment called "Industry 4.0", resulting in an increasingly intelligent, connected, and autonomous factory with dynamic capabilities. Smart manufacturing technologies include big data processing, machine learning, advanced robotics, cloud computing, sensors technology, additive manufacturing, and augmented reality. By using predictive big data analytics, deep learning, or sentiment/image analysis, business leaders can identify patterns and trends in vast reams of big data. It allows them to make 'smarter' decisions (e.g., about the loss of customers or the necessary service inspection of equipment) and potentially to become more competitive in real-time. Based on case study research on small manufacturing firms in Singapore, we explore how local SMEs adopt Industry 4.0 solutions. We shed light on the drivers and barriers of Industry 4.0 adoption to better understand current business dynamics, potential human issues, focus areas, and initiatives to smoothen this implementation. The study is part of a wider Industry 4.0 study of key specialists and decision-makers across Government agencies, Institutes of Higher Learnings, suppliers of Industry 4.0 technology, business associations, etc. Technology push by the Government with robust funding and training support, skilled labour shortages including imported labour dependence, productivity issues and the pressure to innovate business models due to increased competition are propelling SMEs to adopt Industry 4.0. Some challenges include high investment costs, ROI concerns as well as capability and mindset issues. The paper contributes to the minimal Asian management literature about Industry 4.0 matters in Asian SMEs.
{"title":"How Singapore’s Manufacturing Small and Medium Size Enterprises Embrace Industry 4.0","authors":"T. Menkhoff, Gopalakrishnan Surianarayanan","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1003516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003516","url":null,"abstract":"Industry 4.0 adoption is expected to profoundly impact the entire spectrum of industries, especially in manufacturing. By using a confluence of automation, data, and digitalisation, Industry 4.0 aims to radically transform how organisations operate presently while increasing productivity, enhancing flexibility, reducing costs, and improving efficiency. More companies are strategically embracing Industry 4.0 approaches to leverage opportunities arising from newly connected computers and increasingly autonomous automation systems (e.g., robotics), equipped with intelligent machine learning algorithms that control the robotics without much human input. In these 'smart' factories, cyber-physical systems (i.e., independently operating systems that self-optimize and communicate with each other, and ultimately optimize production) monitor the physical manufacturing processes and play an increasingly important role in terms of decision-making. Industry 4.0 signifies three mutually interconnected factors, namely digitisation and integration of any technical-economic networks, digitisation of products and services, and new market models. At the core of this new smart manufacturing paradigm is the Internet of Things that drives the conversion of traditional factories into a 'smart' manufacturing environment called \"Industry 4.0\", resulting in an increasingly intelligent, connected, and autonomous factory with dynamic capabilities. Smart manufacturing technologies include big data processing, machine learning, advanced robotics, cloud computing, sensors technology, additive manufacturing, and augmented reality. By using predictive big data analytics, deep learning, or sentiment/image analysis, business leaders can identify patterns and trends in vast reams of big data. It allows them to make 'smarter' decisions (e.g., about the loss of customers or the necessary service inspection of equipment) and potentially to become more competitive in real-time. Based on case study research on small manufacturing firms in Singapore, we explore how local SMEs adopt Industry 4.0 solutions. We shed light on the drivers and barriers of Industry 4.0 adoption to better understand current business dynamics, potential human issues, focus areas, and initiatives to smoothen this implementation. The study is part of a wider Industry 4.0 study of key specialists and decision-makers across Government agencies, Institutes of Higher Learnings, suppliers of Industry 4.0 technology, business associations, etc. Technology push by the Government with robust funding and training support, skilled labour shortages including imported labour dependence, productivity issues and the pressure to innovate business models due to increased competition are propelling SMEs to adopt Industry 4.0. Some challenges include high investment costs, ROI concerns as well as capability and mindset issues. The paper contributes to the minimal Asian management literature about Industry 4.0 matters in Asian SMEs.","PeriodicalId":363648,"journal":{"name":"Human Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129477298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mico and macro environment creates opportunities and threats for the organization. Enterprise identifies the opportunities to take advantage for the business either intentionally or unintentionally. Organization which focused on taking advantage from the opportunities increase the chance of taking advantage of them. Opportunity is understood as a favorable situation for the subject of action. The ability to use the opportunity creates a framework for establishing cooperation between the company and the client. `The article presents a theoretical and practical approach to the opportunity. The theoretical part presents the idea of the opportunity, meaning and its importance for the organization. The paper presents life cycle opportunity which creates framework for establishing cooperation between supplier and a client. The practical part shows a case study based on the development and implementation of a Quality Management Systems in a selected organization. The work done for the organization has been assessed by the external certification body. Implementation of Quality Management Systems enabled to establishment a long-term cooperation based on annual action that should be taken according to the selected elements of ISO systems.
{"title":"Life cycle opportunity based on implementation of Quality Management Systems","authors":"P. Krolas, Janne Heilala","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1003508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003508","url":null,"abstract":"Mico and macro environment creates opportunities and threats for the organization. Enterprise identifies the opportunities to take advantage for the business either intentionally or unintentionally. Organization which focused on taking advantage from the opportunities increase the chance of taking advantage of them. Opportunity is understood as a favorable situation for the subject of action. The ability to use the opportunity creates a framework for establishing cooperation between the company and the client. `The article presents a theoretical and practical approach to the opportunity. The theoretical part presents the idea of the opportunity, meaning and its importance for the organization. The paper presents life cycle opportunity which creates framework for establishing cooperation between supplier and a client. The practical part shows a case study based on the development and implementation of a Quality Management Systems in a selected organization. The work done for the organization has been assessed by the external certification body. Implementation of Quality Management Systems enabled to establishment a long-term cooperation based on annual action that should be taken according to the selected elements of ISO systems.","PeriodicalId":363648,"journal":{"name":"Human Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127097361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hae-In Lee, Seokwon Lee, Hyo-Sang Shin, A. Tsourdos, S. Fletcher
This paper aims to provide a human factor guidance for developing robotic and autonomous systems (RAS) in military applications. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify key aspects to characterise RAS teamed up with human operators, answering the two research questions: i) what the various characteristics of RAS that involve human roles are, and ii) how the characteristics of RAS affect human requirements. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, state-of-the-art researches on RAS are classified based on different characteristics, such as application context, RAS type, level of autonomy, network architecture, operational environment, and interface. Then, the effect of the RAS characteristics on human requirements is analysed by identifying their relationships. Direct relationship is established with respect to the level of autonomy, requiring trust, intelligibility, understandability, and obtrusiveness for human requirements. RAS application context and other characteristics indirectly contribute to different human requirements, by requiring or supporting different levels of autonomy. This study concludes with discussion points to be taken forward, identifies research gaps in current methodologies, and suggests future research directions. Key challenges identified for future research include interactions with human, integration to existing systems, asymmetries in level of autonomy, and validation and verification of different subsystems.
本文旨在为机器人和自主系统(RAS)在军事应用中的发展提供人为因素指导。进行了系统的文献综述，以确定与人类操作员合作的RAS的关键特征，回答两个研究问题:i)涉及人类角色的RAS的各种特征是什么，ii) RAS的特征如何影响人类的需求。利用系统评价和元分析的首选报告项目(Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and meta - analysis, PRISMA)框架，根据应用环境、RAS类型、自治水平、网络架构、操作环境和接口等不同特征对RAS的最新研究进行了分类。然后，通过识别RAS特征之间的关系，分析了RAS特征对人类需求的影响。直接关系是根据自主性水平建立的，需要信任、可理解性、可理解性和对人类需求的突兀性。RAS应用程序上下文和其他特征通过要求或支持不同级别的自治，间接地促成了不同的人类需求。本研究总结了需要进一步探讨的问题，指出了当前研究方法的不足，并提出了未来的研究方向。未来研究的主要挑战包括与人的交互、与现有系统的集成、自治水平的不对称以及不同子系统的验证和验证。
{"title":"Human Factor Analysis in Robotic and Autonomous Systems for Military Applications","authors":"Hae-In Lee, Seokwon Lee, Hyo-Sang Shin, A. Tsourdos, S. Fletcher","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1003520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003520","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to provide a human factor guidance for developing robotic and autonomous systems (RAS) in military applications. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify key aspects to characterise RAS teamed up with human operators, answering the two research questions: i) what the various characteristics of RAS that involve human roles are, and ii) how the characteristics of RAS affect human requirements. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, state-of-the-art researches on RAS are classified based on different characteristics, such as application context, RAS type, level of autonomy, network architecture, operational environment, and interface. Then, the effect of the RAS characteristics on human requirements is analysed by identifying their relationships. Direct relationship is established with respect to the level of autonomy, requiring trust, intelligibility, understandability, and obtrusiveness for human requirements. RAS application context and other characteristics indirectly contribute to different human requirements, by requiring or supporting different levels of autonomy. This study concludes with discussion points to be taken forward, identifies research gaps in current methodologies, and suggests future research directions. Key challenges identified for future research include interactions with human, integration to existing systems, asymmetries in level of autonomy, and validation and verification of different subsystems.","PeriodicalId":363648,"journal":{"name":"Human Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122434484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prostheses are fundamental tools to improve the quality of life of people with physical impairments. However, the way prostheses are designed and produced follows traditional design and manufacturing processes tied to conventional industrial methods. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies employed through inclusive-oriented design angles can support designers in the creation of enabling – re: inclusive – medical solutions helping patients to live better whilst mitigating the social stigma of living with a medical device in replace of a body part. The inclusive design and production of transradial prostheses using AM is examined in this paper, as well as the effects that the change from conventional manufacturing methods is having on the procurement process, the potential for design developments, and how these affect the perceptions of users and society. Research was done into some relevant case studies of transradial prostheses in order to comprehend how AM was being employed and how Inclusive Design practices can improve AM processes.This study demonstrates how the combination of Inclusive Design and AM has benefited the creation of enabling upper limb prosthesis in numerous ways. Some features include the fact that the availability of AM technologies (i.e., printers) allows for the production of prostheses at lower costs and in remote places with quicker turnaround times and less highly trained workers than traditional methods. General discussions on the suitability of using an Inclusive Design angle for AM are included at the end of the work.
{"title":"The Contribution of Additive Manufacturing in the Design of Inclusive Prostheses","authors":"E. Rossi","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1003526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003526","url":null,"abstract":"Prostheses are fundamental tools to improve the quality of life of people with physical impairments. However, the way prostheses are designed and produced follows traditional design and manufacturing processes tied to conventional industrial methods. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies employed through inclusive-oriented design angles can support designers in the creation of enabling – re: inclusive – medical solutions helping patients to live better whilst mitigating the social stigma of living with a medical device in replace of a body part. The inclusive design and production of transradial prostheses using AM is examined in this paper, as well as the effects that the change from conventional manufacturing methods is having on the procurement process, the potential for design developments, and how these affect the perceptions of users and society. Research was done into some relevant case studies of transradial prostheses in order to comprehend how AM was being employed and how Inclusive Design practices can improve AM processes.This study demonstrates how the combination of Inclusive Design and AM has benefited the creation of enabling upper limb prosthesis in numerous ways. Some features include the fact that the availability of AM technologies (i.e., printers) allows for the production of prostheses at lower costs and in remote places with quicker turnaround times and less highly trained workers than traditional methods. General discussions on the suitability of using an Inclusive Design angle for AM are included at the end of the work.","PeriodicalId":363648,"journal":{"name":"Human Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133799825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Zeng, Xiaojun Liu, Jindan Feng, Jinshan Liu, Yang Yi
Aiming at the deviation transfer path problem in assembly tolerance analysis, a method of automatically searching the assembly dimension chain is proposed, which first uses various types of information units to express the key information required for dimension chain generation, establishes the assembly accuracy information model, constructs the part order constraint association matrix and tolerance feature association matrix on the basis of considering the multiple assembly order and multiple parallel constraints in the actual assembly process, and generate assembly relationship transfer diagram. At the same time, the traditional shortest path algorithm is optimized by using the small root stack structure in combination with the transfer diagram application scenario, and the assembly dimension chain is obtained by local search of the transfer diagram according to the assembly order and the customized constraint selection rules. Based on the Qt application development framework and the OpenCASCADE graphics library, the prototype system is developed and verified, proving that the method can effectively improve the efficiency of the automatic dimensional chain search, and the generated dimensional chains are more consistent with the actual assembly process planning.
{"title":"Automatic generation technology of dimension chain considering assembly characteristics","authors":"Yang Zeng, Xiaojun Liu, Jindan Feng, Jinshan Liu, Yang Yi","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1003523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003523","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at the deviation transfer path problem in assembly tolerance analysis, a method of automatically searching the assembly dimension chain is proposed, which first uses various types of information units to express the key information required for dimension chain generation, establishes the assembly accuracy information model, constructs the part order constraint association matrix and tolerance feature association matrix on the basis of considering the multiple assembly order and multiple parallel constraints in the actual assembly process, and generate assembly relationship transfer diagram. At the same time, the traditional shortest path algorithm is optimized by using the small root stack structure in combination with the transfer diagram application scenario, and the assembly dimension chain is obtained by local search of the transfer diagram according to the assembly order and the customized constraint selection rules. Based on the Qt application development framework and the OpenCASCADE graphics library, the prototype system is developed and verified, proving that the method can effectively improve the efficiency of the automatic dimensional chain search, and the generated dimensional chains are more consistent with the actual assembly process planning.","PeriodicalId":363648,"journal":{"name":"Human Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124976231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital transformation processes in the course of industry 4.0 affect computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) in two ways: The acceleration of production and innovation cycles shortens the time to carry out CAM-planning tasks; simultaneously, an increasing product individualization raises the complexity of CAM-planning tasks and quality requirements for the planning results. Thus, CAM users need to solve complex CAM-planning tasks in increasingly shorter time frames. Efforts to meet the quality requirements nonetheless lead to overload and frustration of the user [1], [2]. To overcome this challenge, the R&D project CAM2030 aims to develop a new generation of CAM systems that integrates innovative technologies (artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and evolutionary algorithms) to make CAM-planning processes more efficient for the CAM planner. The innovation process requires a novel methodology that involves the stakeholders’ different perspectives, esp. the users’ preferences and needs, and brings them into compliance. This paper presents a co-creation-based framework for the agile development of AI-supported system components. The framework intends to continuously support the innovation process of complex software systems in a highly interdisciplinary team working collaboratively under remote conditions. The framework was developed successively in line with the project’s progress over two years. The resulting framework describes a multi-level and partly iterative approach that covers the following stages of the innovation process: (i) the elicitation, specification, and prioritization of requirements for AI-supported CAM systems, their user interface, and CAM user training; (ii) the design of an interactive prototype for selected parts of the user interface; (iii) the prototype testing; and (iv) the iteration of (i) to (iii) as well as the refinement of their output. The approach applies and adapts co-creation methods for use in online workshops. The research activities focused on the development, implementation, and evaluation of the single workshop concepts, partly complemented by studies investigating topics such as user expectations and requirements concerning new features and the system introduction. The main characteristics of the workshops are their interdisciplinary composition of participants, their conduction under remote conditions, and the mix of methods and tools to support collaboration in each stage of the innovation process [3], [4].The framework application shows a high potential to support the development of AI-supported CAM systems in creating a shared vision of the individual stages of the innovation and the innovation process as a whole. The framework helps to: (i) understand and reflect the user’s needs and preferences, (ii) align different and partly controversial perspectives, and (iii) identify and overcome sticking points of the system development. The project shows that the innovation and development process benefits fr
{"title":"Co-Creation-Based Framework for the Agile Development of AI-Supported CAM Systems","authors":"Nina Rußkamp, Claas Digmayer, E. Jakobs","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1003507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003507","url":null,"abstract":"Digital transformation processes in the course of industry 4.0 affect computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) in two ways: The acceleration of production and innovation cycles shortens the time to carry out CAM-planning tasks; simultaneously, an increasing product individualization raises the complexity of CAM-planning tasks and quality requirements for the planning results. Thus, CAM users need to solve complex CAM-planning tasks in increasingly shorter time frames. Efforts to meet the quality requirements nonetheless lead to overload and frustration of the user [1], [2]. To overcome this challenge, the R&D project CAM2030 aims to develop a new generation of CAM systems that integrates innovative technologies (artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and evolutionary algorithms) to make CAM-planning processes more efficient for the CAM planner. The innovation process requires a novel methodology that involves the stakeholders’ different perspectives, esp. the users’ preferences and needs, and brings them into compliance. This paper presents a co-creation-based framework for the agile development of AI-supported system components. The framework intends to continuously support the innovation process of complex software systems in a highly interdisciplinary team working collaboratively under remote conditions. The framework was developed successively in line with the project’s progress over two years. The resulting framework describes a multi-level and partly iterative approach that covers the following stages of the innovation process: (i) the elicitation, specification, and prioritization of requirements for AI-supported CAM systems, their user interface, and CAM user training; (ii) the design of an interactive prototype for selected parts of the user interface; (iii) the prototype testing; and (iv) the iteration of (i) to (iii) as well as the refinement of their output. The approach applies and adapts co-creation methods for use in online workshops. The research activities focused on the development, implementation, and evaluation of the single workshop concepts, partly complemented by studies investigating topics such as user expectations and requirements concerning new features and the system introduction. The main characteristics of the workshops are their interdisciplinary composition of participants, their conduction under remote conditions, and the mix of methods and tools to support collaboration in each stage of the innovation process [3], [4].The framework application shows a high potential to support the development of AI-supported CAM systems in creating a shared vision of the individual stages of the innovation and the innovation process as a whole. The framework helps to: (i) understand and reflect the user’s needs and preferences, (ii) align different and partly controversial perspectives, and (iii) identify and overcome sticking points of the system development. The project shows that the innovation and development process benefits fr","PeriodicalId":363648,"journal":{"name":"Human Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131787838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Álvaro M. Sampaio, Carina Lopes, Adriana Santos, André Lima, António J. Pontes
The geometric freedom allowed by additive manufacturing (AM) has driven the development of products based on human-centric design through functional and aesthetic customization. The combination of personalised AM parts with products already developed is a disruptive and flexible approach that may create optimized product-user interactions. For this, critical comprehension on the manufacturing process is required to ensure appropriate mechanical connection between the new and existing components of the product. This paper addresses a method for product optimization based on this hybrid design approach. A specific case of a musical instrument that was redesigned for greater ergonomic compatibility with users was considered to describe the sequential development steps.
{"title":"Design for the combination of additive manufacturing parts with products already developed – An hybrid design approach","authors":"Álvaro M. Sampaio, Carina Lopes, Adriana Santos, André Lima, António J. Pontes","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1003524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003524","url":null,"abstract":"The geometric freedom allowed by additive manufacturing (AM) has driven the development of products based on human-centric design through functional and aesthetic customization. The combination of personalised AM parts with products already developed is a disruptive and flexible approach that may create optimized product-user interactions. For this, critical comprehension on the manufacturing process is required to ensure appropriate mechanical connection between the new and existing components of the product. This paper addresses a method for product optimization based on this hybrid design approach. A specific case of a musical instrument that was redesigned for greater ergonomic compatibility with users was considered to describe the sequential development steps.","PeriodicalId":363648,"journal":{"name":"Human Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134473000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florens L. Burgert, Anton Caspar Boehme, Marisa Schirmer, N. Steireif, Susanne Mütze Niewöhner
In many manufacturing enterprises, manufacturing planning for the production of complex components is carried out by using CAM systems (CAM: Computer-Aided Manufacturing) (Bi and Wang, 2020). The increasing complexity and individualization of components, tools and machines lead to new requirements for manufacturing planning and CAM systems (Suhl and Isenberg, 2019; Jayasekara et al., 2019). Providers of CAx systems and researchers are currently working on the further development of conventional support systems by incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) applications (e.g. Dripke et al., 2017).AI-based, intelligent support systems are intended to enable employees to perform the increasingly complex process of manufacturing planning quickly and efficiently (cf. Burgert et al., 2022). At the same time, studies in Germany (e.g. Lundborg and Gull, 2021; Merkel-Kiss and von Garrel, 2022) indicate that available AI-based systems are generally rather used with restraint, especially by SMEs, or not used effectively, e.g., due to acceptance issues. Since a successful implementation of these systems requires appropriate strategies (Kletti, 2007; cf. Bellantuono et al., 2021; cf. Kovrigin and Vasiliev, 2020), insufficient implementation strategies could be a reason for the restraint. However, existing implementation strategies within the application context of manufacturing planning do not specifically focus on intelligent support systems, but rather on conventional digital ones in general. This paper addresses the research question of how to design an implementation strategy for intelligent support systems for manufacturing planning to ensure a successful implementation for the long term.First, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify success factors and corresponding recommendations for action in the context of implementation strategies for digital support systems in manufacturing. The recommendations for action were aggregated into 27 recommendations within the categories organization, people, technology, and data. Second, 31 experts with experience in implementing support systems in a corporate context were asked to assess the importance of these recommendations for action for the successful implementation of intelligent support systems for manufacturing planning in an online questionnaire. The questionnaire also included the assignment of the recommendations for action to five phases of a generic implementation model. Additional suggestions based on the participants' own professional experience could be added.In this paper, the methodological approaches and the results of the literature review as well as the empirical study within the context of intelligent support systems for manufacturing planning are presented. The results show, e.g., that most of the recommendations concern the interaction with the employees affected. Furthermore, many of the recommended actions are important for most or even all phases of an implementation process
在许多制造企业中，生产复杂部件的制造计划是通过使用CAM系统(CAM:计算机辅助制造)进行的(Bi和Wang, 2020)。组件、工具和机器的日益复杂和个性化导致了对制造计划和CAM系统的新要求(Suhl和Isenberg, 2019;Jayasekara et al.， 2019)。CAx系统的供应商和研究人员目前正在通过整合人工智能(AI)应用程序来进一步开发传统的支持系统(例如Dripke等人，2017)。基于人工智能的智能支持系统旨在使员工能够快速高效地执行日益复杂的制造计划过程(参见Burgert et al.， 2022)。同时，德国的研究(如Lundborg and Gull, 2021;Merkel-Kiss和von Garrel, 2022)表明，可用的基于人工智能的系统通常使用受限，尤其是中小企业，或者由于接受问题而没有得到有效使用。因为这些系统的成功实施需要适当的策略(Kletti, 2007;参见Bellantuono et al.， 2021;cf. Kovrigin and Vasiliev, 2020)，实施策略不足可能是限制的一个原因。然而，在制造计划的应用环境中，现有的实施策略并没有特别关注智能支持系统，而是一般的传统数字支持系统。本文主要研究如何设计制造计划智能支持系统的实施策略，以保证制造计划智能支持系统的长期成功实施。首先，进行了系统的文献综述，以确定制造业数字支持系统实施战略背景下的成功因素和相应的行动建议。行动建议汇总为27项建议，分为组织、人员、技术和数据类别。其次，要求31位具有在企业环境中实施支持系统经验的专家通过在线问卷评估这些建议对于成功实施制造计划智能支持系统的重要性。调查表还包括将行动建议分配到一般执行模式的五个阶段。与会者可以根据自己的专业经验提出其他建议。在本文中，提出了方法方法和文献综述的结果，以及制造计划智能支持系统背景下的实证研究。结果显示，例如，大多数建议都涉及与受影响员工的互动。此外，许多建议的操作对于实现过程的大多数甚至所有阶段都很重要。最后，讨论了有关制造计划智能支持系统实施的行动建议和相关限制。
{"title":"Implementation Strategies for Intelligent Systems to Support Manufacturing Planning: Recommended Actions to Avoid Failure","authors":"Florens L. Burgert, Anton Caspar Boehme, Marisa Schirmer, N. Steireif, Susanne Mütze Niewöhner","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1003511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003511","url":null,"abstract":"In many manufacturing enterprises, manufacturing planning for the production of complex components is carried out by using CAM systems (CAM: Computer-Aided Manufacturing) (Bi and Wang, 2020). The increasing complexity and individualization of components, tools and machines lead to new requirements for manufacturing planning and CAM systems (Suhl and Isenberg, 2019; Jayasekara et al., 2019). Providers of CAx systems and researchers are currently working on the further development of conventional support systems by incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) applications (e.g. Dripke et al., 2017).AI-based, intelligent support systems are intended to enable employees to perform the increasingly complex process of manufacturing planning quickly and efficiently (cf. Burgert et al., 2022). At the same time, studies in Germany (e.g. Lundborg and Gull, 2021; Merkel-Kiss and von Garrel, 2022) indicate that available AI-based systems are generally rather used with restraint, especially by SMEs, or not used effectively, e.g., due to acceptance issues. Since a successful implementation of these systems requires appropriate strategies (Kletti, 2007; cf. Bellantuono et al., 2021; cf. Kovrigin and Vasiliev, 2020), insufficient implementation strategies could be a reason for the restraint. However, existing implementation strategies within the application context of manufacturing planning do not specifically focus on intelligent support systems, but rather on conventional digital ones in general. This paper addresses the research question of how to design an implementation strategy for intelligent support systems for manufacturing planning to ensure a successful implementation for the long term.First, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify success factors and corresponding recommendations for action in the context of implementation strategies for digital support systems in manufacturing. The recommendations for action were aggregated into 27 recommendations within the categories organization, people, technology, and data. Second, 31 experts with experience in implementing support systems in a corporate context were asked to assess the importance of these recommendations for action for the successful implementation of intelligent support systems for manufacturing planning in an online questionnaire. The questionnaire also included the assignment of the recommendations for action to five phases of a generic implementation model. Additional suggestions based on the participants' own professional experience could be added.In this paper, the methodological approaches and the results of the literature review as well as the empirical study within the context of intelligent support systems for manufacturing planning are presented. The results show, e.g., that most of the recommendations concern the interaction with the employees affected. Furthermore, many of the recommended actions are important for most or even all phases of an implementation process","PeriodicalId":363648,"journal":{"name":"Human Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133731476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human labour has always been essential in manufacturing and, still, no machine or robot can replace innate human complex physical (dexterity) and cognitive (reasoning) skills. Understandably, industry has constantly sought new automation technologies and largely only concerned itself with physical health and safety issues to improve / maintain production processes, but these industrial engineering approaches have largely overshadowed our understanding of wider social and emotional issues that can also significantly impact on human-system performance and wellbeing. In the current climate, industrial automation is rapidly increasing and crucial to manufacturing competitiveness, and requires greater, closer human interaction. Consequently, people’s cognitive-affective abilities have never been more critical and there has never been a more important time to thoroughly understand them. Moreover, industrial engineers are themselves now more aware and interested in understanding how people can better perform tasks in collaboration with intelligent automation and robotics. This paper describes why industry is only now realising the need for psychology, how far research has advanced our knowledge, and how a major UK project is working to develop new human behaviour models to improve effectiveness in the design of human-robot interactions in modern production processes. As one recent anecdotal comment from a UK industrialist set out: “we don’t need ergonomics anymore – our industrial engineers can do that, we need psychology”!
{"title":"“We don’t need ergonomics anymore, we need psychology!” – the human analysis needed for human-robot collaboration","authors":"S. Fletcher, Iveta Eimontaite, P. Webb, N. Lohse","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1003521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003521","url":null,"abstract":"Human labour has always been essential in manufacturing and, still, no machine or robot can replace innate human complex physical (dexterity) and cognitive (reasoning) skills. Understandably, industry has constantly sought new automation technologies and largely only concerned itself with physical health and safety issues to improve / maintain production processes, but these industrial engineering approaches have largely overshadowed our understanding of wider social and emotional issues that can also significantly impact on human-system performance and wellbeing. In the current climate, industrial automation is rapidly increasing and crucial to manufacturing competitiveness, and requires greater, closer human interaction. Consequently, people’s cognitive-affective abilities have never been more critical and there has never been a more important time to thoroughly understand them. Moreover, industrial engineers are themselves now more aware and interested in understanding how people can better perform tasks in collaboration with intelligent automation and robotics. This paper describes why industry is only now realising the need for psychology, how far research has advanced our knowledge, and how a major UK project is working to develop new human behaviour models to improve effectiveness in the design of human-robot interactions in modern production processes. As one recent anecdotal comment from a UK industrialist set out: “we don’t need ergonomics anymore – our industrial engineers can do that, we need psychology”!","PeriodicalId":363648,"journal":{"name":"Human Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"519 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116252086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Issue relating the vertiginous growth of population, the effects caused by climate change fall-out, as ground consuption represents an important opportunity for the design research community. The adoption of sustainable strategies to solve the problem of high densification of the existing urban fabric with new public functions, housing or tourist accommodation, can introduce new experimentations, by the adoption of unused “ground”, through the application of solutions with low environmental impact and controlled consumption of energy and resources, different contexts such as water. Living on water qualifies as a long-established reality in the contemporary contexts, and many cultures, a global widespread heritage. At the same time, mobility on waterways is a formidable cultural and economic challenge: a developing model based exploring on the alliance between the experimentation of the nautical product and an environmental reflection conducted in terms of enhancing marine, river and lake environments. As the vision suggest, designers provide to develop innovative and futuristic housing models at various scales of intervention. Among the possible interventions, this design research explored the concept of sustainable 3D printed houseboats taking care of diversified target, like student communities or tourists, being careful to ergonomics, safety, enhancement of the natural heritage; the case study focused on using 3D printing production processes using natural fibers, and how the entire process can contribute to to define new interpretative models, new product morphologies, new languages. The result presented in the document provides evidence and validity on the use of sustainable 3D printing production processes for sustainable products, as a good opportunity and intelligent solution adaptable to the conditions imposed by a specific context, with the aim of opening new avenues of research for the design community.
{"title":"Suitability of Sustainable 3D-Printing in the field of Yacht Design: Houseboats for Student Communities and Tourism","authors":"Massimo Di Nicolantonio","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1003525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003525","url":null,"abstract":"Issue relating the vertiginous growth of population, the effects caused by climate change fall-out, as ground consuption represents an important opportunity for the design research community. The adoption of sustainable strategies to solve the problem of high densification of the existing urban fabric with new public functions, housing or tourist accommodation, can introduce new experimentations, by the adoption of unused “ground”, through the application of solutions with low environmental impact and controlled consumption of energy and resources, different contexts such as water. Living on water qualifies as a long-established reality in the contemporary contexts, and many cultures, a global widespread heritage. At the same time, mobility on waterways is a formidable cultural and economic challenge: a developing model based exploring on the alliance between the experimentation of the nautical product and an environmental reflection conducted in terms of enhancing marine, river and lake environments. As the vision suggest, designers provide to develop innovative and futuristic housing models at various scales of intervention. Among the possible interventions, this design research explored the concept of sustainable 3D printed houseboats taking care of diversified target, like student communities or tourists, being careful to ergonomics, safety, enhancement of the natural heritage; the case study focused on using 3D printing production processes using natural fibers, and how the entire process can contribute to to define new interpretative models, new product morphologies, new languages. The result presented in the document provides evidence and validity on the use of sustainable 3D printing production processes for sustainable products, as a good opportunity and intelligent solution adaptable to the conditions imposed by a specific context, with the aim of opening new avenues of research for the design community.","PeriodicalId":363648,"journal":{"name":"Human Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116807823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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