Urban forests are part of the public city space and have multiple significance. Various roles of greenery (health, social, aesthetic, cultural, educational, etc.) improve the quality of life in the city. Urban forests can play key roles in mitigate stormwater runoff, improve air quality, reduces noise level, store carbon, etc. The system of green areas in a continuous and dynamic interaction with the built structure in a city. Because of the above, subject of the research is determining the state of greenery in the Banja Luka area and the changes that accompany it and to suggest the planning of green areas and protect them.
{"title":"State of Green Areas and Analysis of Coverage in the Area of Banja Luka","authors":"Tanja Maksimović, P. Ilić, Sanja Bajić","doi":"10.7251/QOL1801051M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/QOL1801051M","url":null,"abstract":"Urban forests are part of the public city space and have multiple significance. Various roles of greenery (health, social, aesthetic, cultural, educational, etc.) improve the quality of life in the city. Urban forests can play key roles in mitigate stormwater runoff, improve air quality, reduces noise level, store carbon, etc. The system of green areas in a continuous and dynamic interaction with the built structure in a city. Because of the above, subject of the research is determining the state of greenery in the Banja Luka area and the changes that accompany it and to suggest the planning of green areas and protect them.","PeriodicalId":363723,"journal":{"name":"Quality of Life (Banja Luka) - APEIRON","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130395183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Marjanovic-Balaban, L. Stanojević, V. Kalaba, J. Stanojević, D. Cvetković, M. Cakic, V. Gojković
The subject of this study was the examination of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of peppermint oil (Menthae piperitae L.), that was produced from the plant collected from the plantation in the city of Banja Luka. To examine the chemical composition of the Mentha piperita essential oil we used the GC-FID method. On it’s chromatogram it was clearly shown that the main components of the oil were menthole with the content of 43.66%, menthone 20.02%, iso-menthone 7.73%, following by 1,8-cineole with a percentage of 6.49% and menthil-acetate with 3.31%. The content of the previously mentioned components were all in accordance with the suggestions made by Ph.Eur 8.0. For the purpose of examination antimicrobial activity of the peppermint oil we used agar diffusion method. The results have shown that etheric oil of Menthae piperitae reflects very good antimicrobial activity on all bacterial cultures that we used in this study. The inhibiton zones moved from 12 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa to 37.66 mm for Staphylococcus aureus. Such an outcome of our study, and many others from all around the world, indicates the future potential use of peppermint oil in the treatment of bacterial infections, maybe even lowering the use of antibiotics.
{"title":"Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Menthae piperitae L.","authors":"Z. Marjanovic-Balaban, L. Stanojević, V. Kalaba, J. Stanojević, D. Cvetković, M. Cakic, V. Gojković","doi":"10.7251/QOL1801005M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/QOL1801005M","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this study was the examination of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of peppermint oil (Menthae piperitae L.), that was produced from the plant collected from the plantation in the city of Banja Luka. To examine the chemical composition of the Mentha piperita essential oil we used the GC-FID method. On it’s chromatogram it was clearly shown that the main components of the oil were menthole with the content of 43.66%, menthone 20.02%, iso-menthone 7.73%, following by 1,8-cineole with a percentage of 6.49% and menthil-acetate with 3.31%. The content of the previously mentioned components were all in accordance with the suggestions made by Ph.Eur 8.0. For the purpose of examination antimicrobial activity of the peppermint oil we used agar diffusion method. The results have shown that etheric oil of Menthae piperitae reflects very good antimicrobial activity on all bacterial cultures that we used in this study. The inhibiton zones moved from 12 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa to 37.66 mm for Staphylococcus aureus. Such an outcome of our study, and many others from all around the world, indicates the future potential use of peppermint oil in the treatment of bacterial infections, maybe even lowering the use of antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":363723,"journal":{"name":"Quality of Life (Banja Luka) - APEIRON","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126685575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim is to analyze environmental load with aluminium packaging, used in food industry. especially with aluminium cans. LCA shows origin of materials, aluminium production, as basic materials, emission to air, water and soil and quantitz of wasting materials, as a result of production of 1000 aluminium cans.This study includes:raw material for aluminium productionaluminium productionaluminium cans productionusage and recycling of aluminium cans.For this study we gathered data for fuel and energy consumption, amount of raw materials, products and byproducts, emission to air, water and soil, and a quantity of waste material. Within a metode of calculation of influences to environment as indicators was used:global warming (kg CO2-ekv.), eutrophication (kg P-ekv), acidification (kg SO2-ekv.), ekotoksicity (kg 1,4 DB-ekv.), reserves shortage of nonrenewable resources (kg), water consumption (kg), toksicity for humans (kg 1,4 DB-ekv.), oyone layer destruction (kg R11-ekv.) soil occupation (m2·god.). LCA model is made by GaBi 4 software system (verzion GaBi 4.3) [8].In order to have relevant estimation of influence to environment, we defined cut-off proces value. In this case as cut-off value was used value of weight ratio less than 5%, and in that case proces disregarded.
{"title":"Life Cycle of Aluminium Packaging","authors":"Dajana D. Uletilović, S. Grbić","doi":"10.7251/QOL1801027U","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/QOL1801027U","url":null,"abstract":"Aim is to analyze environmental load with aluminium packaging, used in food industry. especially with aluminium cans. LCA shows origin of materials, aluminium production, as basic materials, emission to air, water and soil and quantitz of wasting materials, as a result of production of 1000 aluminium cans.This study includes:raw material for aluminium productionaluminium productionaluminium cans productionusage and recycling of aluminium cans.For this study we gathered data for fuel and energy consumption, amount of raw materials, products and byproducts, emission to air, water and soil, and a quantity of waste material. Within a metode of calculation of influences to environment as indicators was used:global warming (kg CO2-ekv.), eutrophication (kg P-ekv), acidification (kg SO2-ekv.), ekotoksicity (kg 1,4 DB-ekv.), reserves shortage of nonrenewable resources (kg), water consumption (kg), toksicity for humans (kg 1,4 DB-ekv.), oyone layer destruction (kg R11-ekv.) soil occupation (m2·god.). LCA model is made by GaBi 4 software system (verzion GaBi 4.3) [8].In order to have relevant estimation of influence to environment, we defined cut-off proces value. In this case as cut-off value was used value of weight ratio less than 5%, and in that case proces disregarded.","PeriodicalId":363723,"journal":{"name":"Quality of Life (Banja Luka) - APEIRON","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125116255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Stanojević, M. Cakic, J. Stanojević, D. Cvetković, B. Danilović
Wild cyclamen tubers (Cyclamen purpurascens Mill.) (mountain Kukavica, Southeast Serbia) were used as material for extraction in this study. Aqueous extract was obtained by reflux extraction on boiling temperature with hydromodulus 1:20 m/v during 180 minutes. The total phenolic content was determined spectrophotometrically by the method of Folin-Ciocalteu, and the total flavonoids content by method with AlCl3. The antioxidant activity of extract was investigated spectrophotometrically by DPPH and ABTS test. Disc-diffusion method was used for antimicrobial activity investigation on the following pathogenic microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The content of total phenols was 8.27 mg GAE/g dry extract while the total flavonoid content was 11.51 mg RE/g dry extract. The extract concentrations required to neutralize 50% of the initial concentration of DPPH radicals (EC50) after 20 minutes incubation and immediately after adding DPPH radical solution were 0.413 and 2.0 mg/ml, respectively, while concentrations of extract required to neutralize 50% of the initial ABTS radicals concentration is 0.743 mg/ml. The extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity on bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The presented results indicate that cyclamen tubers extract is a potential source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.
{"title":"Aqueous Extract of Wild Cyclamen Tubers (Cyclamen Purpurascens L.) - A Potential Source of Natural Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Agents","authors":"L. Stanojević, M. Cakic, J. Stanojević, D. Cvetković, B. Danilović","doi":"10.7251/QOL1801013S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/QOL1801013S","url":null,"abstract":"Wild cyclamen tubers (Cyclamen purpurascens Mill.) (mountain Kukavica, Southeast Serbia) were used as material for extraction in this study. Aqueous extract was obtained by reflux extraction on boiling temperature with hydromodulus 1:20 m/v during 180 minutes. The total phenolic content was determined spectrophotometrically by the method of Folin-Ciocalteu, and the total flavonoids content by method with AlCl3. The antioxidant activity of extract was investigated spectrophotometrically by DPPH and ABTS test. Disc-diffusion method was used for antimicrobial activity investigation on the following pathogenic microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The content of total phenols was 8.27 mg GAE/g dry extract while the total flavonoid content was 11.51 mg RE/g dry extract. The extract concentrations required to neutralize 50% of the initial concentration of DPPH radicals (EC50) after 20 minutes incubation and immediately after adding DPPH radical solution were 0.413 and 2.0 mg/ml, respectively, while concentrations of extract required to neutralize 50% of the initial ABTS radicals concentration is 0.743 mg/ml. The extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity on bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The presented results indicate that cyclamen tubers extract is a potential source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.","PeriodicalId":363723,"journal":{"name":"Quality of Life (Banja Luka) - APEIRON","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127867486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the impact of accidental release of chlorine gas in surrounding areas consequences of chlorine gas leak studying the negative effects on both the environment and individuals. Chlorine and its consequences have a far more reaching effect in society that one may have imagined. The ALOHA software has been used in this paper to modelling of chlorine release. The modelling was performed for an accidental release of 3.373 tons chlorine gas from unsheltered single storied for one hour. For a typical average atmospheric condition in location, this accidental chlorine release would cause a red zone of 3.0 kilometres (AEGL-3=20 ppm), orange zone of 7.1 kilometres (AEGL-2=2 ppm) and yellow zone stretching to greater than 10.0 kilometres (AEGL-1=0.5 ppm) to downwind from the source.
{"title":"Hazard Modelling of Accidental Release Chlorine Gas Using Modern Tool-Aloha Software","authors":"P. Ilić, S. Ilić, Ljiljana Stojanović Bjelić","doi":"10.7251/QOL1801038I","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/QOL1801038I","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the impact of accidental release of chlorine gas in surrounding areas consequences of chlorine gas leak studying the negative effects on both the environment and individuals. Chlorine and its consequences have a far more reaching effect in society that one may have imagined. The ALOHA software has been used in this paper to modelling of chlorine release. The modelling was performed for an accidental release of 3.373 tons chlorine gas from unsheltered single storied for one hour. For a typical average atmospheric condition in location, this accidental chlorine release would cause a red zone of 3.0 kilometres (AEGL-3=20 ppm), orange zone of 7.1 kilometres (AEGL-2=2 ppm) and yellow zone stretching to greater than 10.0 kilometres (AEGL-1=0.5 ppm) to downwind from the source.","PeriodicalId":363723,"journal":{"name":"Quality of Life (Banja Luka) - APEIRON","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114235440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental noise pollution, a form of air pollution, is a threat to health and well-being. The primary aim of this study was to determine noise pollution in the urban part of the city of Banja Luka in Jovana Dučića Street (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH)) by evaluating noise levels in the street. The aim of this research is also to compare the measured noise levels in the street with legislation. The measured values exceeded the level of noise allowed. Results indicated that noise level values in this area near health institution are alarming.
{"title":"Noise Pollution Near Health Institutions","authors":"P. Ilić, Ljiljana Stojanović-Bjelić, Z. Janjuš","doi":"10.7251/QOL1801056I","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/QOL1801056I","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental noise pollution, a form of air pollution, is a threat to health and well-being. The primary aim of this study was to determine noise pollution in the urban part of the city of Banja Luka in Jovana Dučića Street (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH)) by evaluating noise levels in the street. The aim of this research is also to compare the measured noise levels in the street with legislation. The measured values exceeded the level of noise allowed. Results indicated that noise level values in this area near health institution are alarming.","PeriodicalId":363723,"journal":{"name":"Quality of Life (Banja Luka) - APEIRON","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121778958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atmospheric pollutants have a negative effect on the plants; they can have direct toxic effects, or indirectly by changing soil pH followed by solubilization of toxic salts of metals. Large number of studies have investigated the possible effects of ambient air pollution on vegetation and air pollution in stomata number and size and stomatal apparatus. The primary aim of this study was to impact air pollution from the aspect of presence SO2, NOX, CO2, O3 and PM10 on vegetation in the city of Banja Luka and stomatal response to air pollution, through a review of existing research.
{"title":"Impact of Air Pollution on Vegetation in Banja Luka","authors":"Tanja Maksimović, P. Ilić, Sanja Bajić","doi":"10.7251/QOL1801033M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/QOL1801033M","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric pollutants have a negative effect on the plants; they can have direct toxic effects, or indirectly by changing soil pH followed by solubilization of toxic salts of metals. Large number of studies have investigated the possible effects of ambient air pollution on vegetation and air pollution in stomata number and size and stomatal apparatus. The primary aim of this study was to impact air pollution from the aspect of presence SO2, NOX, CO2, O3 and PM10 on vegetation in the city of Banja Luka and stomatal response to air pollution, through a review of existing research.","PeriodicalId":363723,"journal":{"name":"Quality of Life (Banja Luka) - APEIRON","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133691149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noise pollution, as a major environmental problem, is present in Banja Luka. The measured values exceeded the level of noise allowed, which is a great problem. Evaluation of the noise levels was carried out in the streets in the area with health institutions. Objectives of this research were to evaluate the environmental noise pollution in the City of Banja Luka due to traffic noise and to compare the measured noise levels in the city with legislation and to establish the connection between noise and the number of vehicles. Correlation between the noise level and number of vehicles was positive and significant during the study period (r=0.89). It is confirmed that, with the increase of the number of vehicle, the noise level increases, i.e. the decrease in the number of vehicle decreases the noise level.
{"title":"Traffic Noise Levels in the City of Banja Luka","authors":"P. Ilić, D. N. Markić, Ljiljana Stojanović Bjelić","doi":"10.7251/QOL1801020I","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/QOL1801020I","url":null,"abstract":"Noise pollution, as a major environmental problem, is present in Banja Luka. The measured values exceeded the level of noise allowed, which is a great problem. Evaluation of the noise levels was carried out in the streets in the area with health institutions. Objectives of this research were to evaluate the environmental noise pollution in the City of Banja Luka due to traffic noise and to compare the measured noise levels in the city with legislation and to establish the connection between noise and the number of vehicles. Correlation between the noise level and number of vehicles was positive and significant during the study period (r=0.89). It is confirmed that, with the increase of the number of vehicle, the noise level increases, i.e. the decrease in the number of vehicle decreases the noise level.","PeriodicalId":363723,"journal":{"name":"Quality of Life (Banja Luka) - APEIRON","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125543802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using a sample size of 200 R&D employees, this paper examines the relationship between the current salary and starting salary, previous experience, education, employees’ age and gender. The results provided by this study show that current salary is positively associated with employees’ salary at the beginning of the career and years of education. The author finds strong evidence that current salary is negatively associated with employees’ age, previous experience and gender. Furthermore, conducting cluster analysis, results provide two different groups. The first group consists of employees who are more likely to be included in the clerical type of jobs and the second group is specific to the other types of job.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Employees’ Current Salary: Multivariate analysis","authors":"Svjetlana Vranješ","doi":"10.7251/QOL1801046V","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/QOL1801046V","url":null,"abstract":"Using a sample size of 200 R&D employees, this paper examines the relationship between the current salary and starting salary, previous experience, education, employees’ age and gender. The results provided by this study show that current salary is positively associated with employees’ salary at the beginning of the career and years of education. The author finds strong evidence that current salary is negatively associated with employees’ age, previous experience and gender. Furthermore, conducting cluster analysis, results provide two different groups. The first group consists of employees who are more likely to be included in the clerical type of jobs and the second group is specific to the other types of job.","PeriodicalId":363723,"journal":{"name":"Quality of Life (Banja Luka) - APEIRON","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121845579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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