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Nanolignin as Nucleating Agents Promoting Crystallization of Isotactic Polypropylene 纳米木质素作为成核剂促进等规聚丙烯结晶
IF 1.9 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7454857
Jing Chen, Tao Yang, Yongchun Zhu, Zhenyang Luo, Xiaofeng Ma
Lignin is the second most abundant pollution-free biomass material. However, most of lignin is discarded as waste in river or burned as fuel, which results in serious environmental pollution problems and low utilization efficiency of lignin at present. Thus, high-value utilization of lignin has become a hot research field. Herein, nanolignin (nano-Lig) is prepared successfully by the self-assembly method, and then nano-Lig and isotactic polypropylene (iPP) are mixed to prepare a series of nano-Lig/iPP composites by the solution blending method. Nano-Lig not only enhance thermostability of iPP but also improve crystallization properties of iPP. When 1.0 wt% nano-Lig was added in iPP, the crystallinity of iPP increased by 6.39% compared to iPP. Nano-Lig can increase the crystallization rate of iPP through investigation of kinetics of nonisothermal crystallization, suggesting nano-Lig can be used as a nucleating agent for iPP.
木质素是第二丰富的无污染生物质材料。然而,目前木质素大多被作为废物丢弃在河里或作为燃料燃烧,这导致了严重的环境污染问题和木质素利用效率低下。因此,木质素的高价值利用已成为研究的热点。本文采用自组装方法成功制备了纳米木质素(nano-Lig),然后采用溶液共混法将纳米Lig与全同立构聚丙烯(iPP)混合制备了一系列纳米Lig/iPP复合材料。纳米Lig不仅提高了iPP的热稳定性,而且改善了iPP结晶性能。当在iPP中加入1.0wt%的纳米Lig时,iPP的结晶度比iPP提高了6.39%。通过对非等温结晶动力学的研究表明,纳米Lig可以提高iPP的结晶速率,表明纳米Lig可作为iPP的成核剂。
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引用次数: 0
The Study of Properties and Structure of Polylactide–Graphite Nanoplates Compositions 聚乳酸-石墨纳米板复合材料的性能与结构研究
IF 1.9 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4367582
S. Rogovina, S. Lomakin, S. Usachev, M. Gasymov, O. Kuznetsova, N. Shilkina, V. Shevchenko, A. Shapagin, E. Prut, A. Berlin
Composites of polylactide containing graphite nanoplates as a filler in the concentration range 1–20 wt% were prepared in methylene chloride using the sonication technique. The thermal characteristics and phase transitions were studied by DSC and TGA methods. The temperatures and heats of glass transition, crystallization, and melting were determined, and the degree of crystallinity during primary and secondary heating was calculated. It is shown that the introduction of graphite nanoplates leads to an increase in the elastic modulus and a decrease in the breaking stress and elongation at break. These changes are especially pronounced at 20% GNP content in the composition, when the corresponding mechanical parameters are characteristics of brittle polymer systems. The study of the electrical properties of the composites showed that the percolation threshold in these materials is close to 7 wt%, which is significantly lower than in the case of spherical particles of comparable density. The SEM study of the filled composites showed a system of pores, which were apparently formed during the evaporation of solvent in the process of their preparation. Diverse structures of PLA/GNP composites films after hot pressure were established by the SEM method.
含石墨纳米板的聚乳酸复合材料作为填料,浓度范围为1-20 使用超声处理技术在二氯甲烷中制备wt%。用DSC和TGA方法对其热性能和相变进行了研究。测定了玻璃化转变、结晶和熔融的温度和热,并计算了一次和二次加热过程中的结晶度。结果表明,石墨纳米板的引入使弹性模量增加,断裂应力和断裂伸长率降低。当相应的机械参数是脆性聚合物系统的特征时,在组合物中GNP含量为20%时,这些变化尤其明显。对复合材料电学性能的研究表明,这些材料的渗流阈值接近7 其显著低于具有类似密度的球形颗粒的情况。填充复合材料的SEM研究表明,在制备过程中,溶剂的蒸发明显形成了一个孔隙系统。用扫描电镜方法建立了热压后PLA/GNP复合材料薄膜的不同结构。
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引用次数: 2
Crystalline Characteristic Effect of In Situ Interaction between ZnO and Pht on Inducing β Nucleation of Isotactic Polypropylene ZnO与邻苯二甲酸酯原位相互作用诱导等规聚丙烯β成核的结晶特性影响
IF 1.9 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7067888
Shuya Cheng, Kai Zhang, Guomin Xu, Chunyan Shan, Min He, S. Qin, Jie Yu
The β-nucleating agent (β-NA), zinc phthalate (ZnPht), was prepared from a mixture of zinc oxide (ZnO) and phthalic anhydride (Pht) during the extrusion of isotactic polypropylene (iPP). To establish the relationship between the crystalline characteristic of ZnO and the crystallization of iPP, single-crystalline ZnO (ZnO(S)) and polycrystalline ZnO (ZnO(P)) were selected and mixed with Pht, respectively, to in situ inducing the β-crystal form of iPP (β-iPP). Compared to ZnO(S)/Pht, ZnO(P)/Pht has the selectivity of β-crystal nucleation during the crystallization of iPP; indeed, the relative content of β-crystal ( k β ) improved from 18.0% for ZnO(S)/Pht/iPP to 84.6% for ZnO(P)/Pht/iPP. Moreover, the impact strength of the ZnO(P)/Pht/iPP was nearly 2.0 times greater than pure iPP; for ZnO(S)/Pht/iPP, it was approximately 1.4 times greater than pure iPP. To explain these phenomena, we propose a mechanism that the content of ZnPht generated by ZnO(P)/Pht is more than that of ZnO(S)/Pht during its in situ reaction; evidence from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric infrared spectroscope analysis was consistent with this mechanism. This study may provide a new perspective to control the crystal type of polymorphic polymer by adjusting the crystalline characteristic of the nucleating agent.
以氧化锌(ZnO)和邻苯二酸酐(Pht)为原料,在挤压等规聚丙烯(iPP)过程中制备出β-成核剂(β-NA)邻苯二甲酸锌(ZnPht)。为了确定ZnO的结晶特性与iPP结晶之间的关系,选择单晶ZnO(ZnO(S))和多晶ZnO(ZnO(P)),分别与Pht混合,原位诱导iPP的β-晶型(β-iPP)。与ZnO(S)/Pht相比,ZnO(P)/Pht在iPP结晶过程中具有β-晶体成核的选择性;ZnO(S)/Pht/iPP的β-晶体相对含量(k β)由18.0%提高到84.6%。ZnO(P)/Pht/iPP的冲击强度是纯iPP的近2.0倍;ZnO(S)/Pht/iPP比纯iPP高约1.4倍。为了解释这些现象,我们提出了ZnO(P)/Pht在原位反应过程中生成的ZnPht含量大于ZnO(S)/Pht的机理;傅里叶变换红外光谱、广角x射线衍射和热重红外光谱分析的证据与这一机制一致。本研究为通过调节成核剂的结晶特性来控制多晶聚合物的结晶类型提供了新的视角。
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引用次数: 1
Crystallization Behavior of Rapid-Compression-Induced Mesomorphic Isotactic Polypropylene during Uniaxial Stretching at Different Temperatures 不同温度下快速压缩诱导的中晶等规聚丙烯单轴拉伸结晶行为
IF 1.9 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-05-26 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5750961
Ming-fei Xu, Jiaxiang Lin, Xiaolin Zhang, Zhenyin Li, Chuntai Liu, Changyu Shen, Chunguang Shao
The uniform bulk mesomorphic iPP is prepared by rapid compression, and its structural evolution under stretching at different temperatures is studied by combining wide-angle X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering. Results show that stretching can induce mesophase to crystallize into α-phase or promote this phase transformation synergistically with temperature, which depends on the selection of stretching temperature. When the temperature is lower than the glass transition temperature of rigid amorphous fraction (RAF), stress could make RAF devitrify firstly and then induce meso-α phase transition during the strain-softening process. As the temperature increases, the high temperature could induce meso-α phase transition to occur before the strain softening, while stretching could promote this transition. When the temperature is higher than a critical value around 100°C, the mesophase can be transformed into α-phase completely during stretching. SAXS results show that all the transformed α-crystal exhibits nodular morphology, and they are ductile with greatly enhanced deformability. Based on the results, a reasonable mechanism of meso-α transformation in the stretching process is proposed, explaining the phase transition that goes through several different steps.
采用快速压缩法制备了均匀体亚晶iPP,并结合广角x射线衍射和小角x射线散射研究了其在不同温度下拉伸的结构演变。结果表明,拉伸可以诱导中间相向α-相结晶或与温度协同促进α-相的转变,具体取决于拉伸温度的选择。当温度低于刚性非晶部分(RAF)的玻璃化转变温度时,应力会使RAF先失氮化,然后在应变软化过程中诱发介观α相变。随着温度的升高,高温可以在应变软化前诱发介观α相变,而拉伸可以促进这一转变。当温度高于100℃左右的临界值时,中间相在拉伸过程中完全转变为α-相。SAXS结果表明,转变后的α-晶体均呈现出结节状形态,具有良好的延展性,变形能力大大增强。在此基础上,提出了拉伸过程中介观α转变的合理机理,解释了拉伸过程中几个不同阶段的相变。
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引用次数: 1
Formulating Polypropylene with Desired Mechanical Properties through Melt Compounding of Homopolymer and Impact Copolymer 均聚物和抗冲共聚物熔融共混制备具有所需力学性能的聚丙烯
IF 1.9 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-04-28 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3084446
Yucheng Peng, Shaoyang Liu, Pixiang Wang, Yifen Wang, Xueqi Wang
Many grades of homopolymer polypropylene (HPP) and impact copolymer PP (ICPP) with a wide range of mechanical properties have been developed for a variety of applications in different industrial sectors. Management of this wide range of materials is a challenge for material suppliers and manufacturers and product developers. This research was to provide insights for managing material supplies through formulating PP with specific mechanical properties using melt compounding of ICPP and HPP. ICPP and HPP were compounded with an internal mixer at different ratios and then the mixtures were injection molded into specimens for characterization. The mechanical behaviors, fracture surfaces, and thermal properties of the mixtures were then characterized. The fracture surface results indicated that the morphologies of the rubber particles in ICPP changed after compounding with HPP, leading to different mechanical and thermal behaviors of the mixtures. Notched and unnotched impact strengths increased linearly with increasing ICPP contents. The crystallization peak temperatures increased linearly with increasing ICPP contents while the degrees of crystallinity of the mixtures decreased linearly. The thermal compounding process and the original material properties mainly determine the final mixture behaviors, and the mixture properties can be predicted based on the weight ratios of the two components.
许多牌号的均聚聚丙烯(HPP)和冲击共聚物PP (ICPP)具有广泛的机械性能,已被开发用于不同工业部门的各种应用。管理如此广泛的材料对材料供应商、制造商和产品开发人员来说是一个挑战。本研究旨在通过使用ICPP和HPP的熔体复合来制定具有特定机械性能的PP,从而为管理材料供应提供见解。将ICPP和HPP按不同比例用内混频器混合,然后注射到样品中进行表征。然后对混合物的力学行为、断口表面和热性能进行了表征。断口形貌分析结果表明,与HPP复合后,ICPP中橡胶颗粒的形貌发生了变化,导致混合物的力学和热行为发生了变化。缺口和非缺口冲击强度随ICPP含量的增加而线性增加。结晶峰温度随ICPP含量的增加而线性升高,而结晶度则线性降低。热复合过程和原材料性能主要决定了最终的混合性能,混合性能可以根据两组分的重量比进行预测。
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引用次数: 3
Injection Molding Simulation of Polyoxymethylene Using Crystallization Kinetics Data and Comparison with the Experimental Process 用结晶动力学数据模拟聚甲醛的注射成型及与实验过程的比较
IF 1.9 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2387752
Theresia Schrank, M. Berer, B. Haar, B. Ramôa, T. Lucyshyn, M. Feuchter, G. Pinter, V. Speranza, R. Pantani
It is well known that the processing conditions in polymer processing have a high impact on the resulting material morphology and consequently the component’s mechanical behavior. However, especially for semicrystalline polymers, the tools available for predicting the final morphology of injection molding parts still have significant limitations. In order to investigate the potential of injection molding simulation for the prediction of the morphology, POM homopolymer specimens were injection molded. The crystallization kinetics data were measured, and simulations in 3D and 2.5D with and without crystallization analysis were conducted in Autodesk Moldflow. The simulations are found to be good accordance with the experiments. Predicted spherulite size and crystalline orientation factor reveal a good qualitative correlation with optical micrographs. Also, the evolution of these parameters along the flow path is plausible. The simulation is found to be a powerful tool for morphology prediction in polymeric parts. Its applicability, however, is still limited to 2.5D models in Autodesk Moldflow, which, of course, is insufficient for complex, thick-walled 3-dimensional parts.
众所周知,聚合物加工中的加工条件对所得材料形态以及部件的机械行为有很大影响。然而,特别是对于半结晶聚合物,可用于预测注塑零件最终形态的工具仍然具有显著的局限性。为了研究注射成型模拟预测形态的潜力,对聚甲醛均聚物样品进行了注射成型。测量结晶动力学数据,并在Autodesk Moldflow中进行有结晶分析和无结晶分析的3D和2.5D模拟。仿真结果与实验结果基本一致。预测的球晶尺寸和结晶取向因子与光学显微照片具有良好的定性相关性。此外,这些参数沿着流动路径的演变是合理的。该模拟被发现是聚合物零件形态预测的有力工具。然而,它的适用性仍然局限于Autodesk Moldflow中的2.5D模型,当然,这对于复杂的厚壁三维零件来说是不够的。
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引用次数: 1
Nucleation Effect of the Chemical Structure of Alkylammonium Salt on the Crystallization Behavior of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) 烷基铵盐化学结构对聚偏氟乙烯结晶行为的成核效应
IF 1.9 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5807491
Tatsuaki Miyashita, H. Saito
We investigated the effect of the chemical structure of alkylammonium salt on the crystallization behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) by DSC, optical microscopy, light scattering, and FT-IR. The nonisothermal and isothermal crystallizations of PVDF were accelerated by adding alkylammonium salt consisting of short alkyl chains and small anion species, and the spherulite size and the ordering in the spherulite became smaller due to the nucleation agent effect. The FT-IR spectra revealed that electroactive γ-phase was preferentially formed by adding alkylammonium salts though the accelerated crystallization was suppressed due to the steric hindrance effect by the long alkyl chain and large anion species. On the other hand, the formation of the γ-phase was suppressed when the dispersion of the salt in the PVDF matrix was poor due to the high melting temperature.
通过DSC、光学显微镜、光散射和FT-IR研究了烷基铵盐的化学结构对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)结晶行为的影响。通过添加由短烷基链和小阴离子组成的烷基铵盐,促进了PVDF的非等温和等温结晶,并且由于成核剂的作用,球晶尺寸和在球晶中的有序性变小。FT-IR光谱表明,尽管长烷基链和大阴离子物种的空间位阻效应抑制了加速结晶,但添加烷基铵盐优先形成电活性γ相。另一方面,当盐在PVDF基体中的分散性由于高熔融温度而较差时,γ相的形成受到抑制。
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引用次数: 2
The crystallization of PA11 , PA12 , and their random copolymers at increasing supercooling: From eutectic segregation to mesomorphic solid solutions PA11、PA12及其无规共聚物在增加过冷时的结晶:从共晶偏析到亚晶固溶体
IF 1.9 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2021-11-22 DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10216
O. Verkinderen, Dorien Baeten, P. Van Puyvelde, B. Goderis
{"title":"The crystallization of\u0000 PA11\u0000 ,\u0000 PA12\u0000 , and their random copolymers at increasing supercooling: From eutectic segregation to mesomorphic solid solutions","authors":"O. Verkinderen, Dorien Baeten, P. Van Puyvelde, B. Goderis","doi":"10.1002/pcr2.10216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pcr2.10216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36413,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Crystallization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48404331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Influence of crystal orientation on stretching induced void formation in poly(4‐methyl‐1‐pentene) investigated by in‐situ small‐angle and wide‐angle X‐ ray scattering 通过原位小角和广角X射线散射研究了晶体取向对聚(4 -甲基- 1 -戊烯)拉伸诱导空洞形成的影响
IF 1.9 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10215
Qingqing Yang, Xiang Liu, Honghui Shi, Lin Zou, Kaichang Cheng, Taolin Li, Baobao Chang, Chuntai Liu, Changyu Shen
{"title":"Influence of crystal orientation on stretching induced void formation in poly(4‐methyl‐1‐pentene) investigated by in‐situ small‐angle and wide‐angle\u0000 X‐\u0000 ray scattering","authors":"Qingqing Yang, Xiang Liu, Honghui Shi, Lin Zou, Kaichang Cheng, Taolin Li, Baobao Chang, Chuntai Liu, Changyu Shen","doi":"10.1002/pcr2.10215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pcr2.10215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36413,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Crystallization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46818915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Confined crystallization in the binary blends of diblock copolymers bearing stereoisomeric isotactic and syndiotactic polypropylene 具有立体异构全同立构和间同立构聚丙烯的二嵌段共聚物二元共混物中的受限结晶
IF 1.9 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2021-11-02 DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10213
C. Chu, Meng-Zhe Chen, Wu Li, J. Tsai, Hsin‐Lung Chen
{"title":"Confined crystallization in the binary blends of diblock copolymers bearing stereoisomeric isotactic and syndiotactic polypropylene","authors":"C. Chu, Meng-Zhe Chen, Wu Li, J. Tsai, Hsin‐Lung Chen","doi":"10.1002/pcr2.10213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pcr2.10213","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36413,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Crystallization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42345997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Polymer Crystallization
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