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Exploring the Practice of Academic Freedom and Active Learning in Ethiopia’s Higher Education: A Case Study 探索埃塞俄比亚高等教育中的学术自由与积极学习实践——以埃塞俄比亚高等教育为例
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.30958/aje.9-4-7
M. Taye, Ahmed Alduais
Given the immense role of the student-centred approach in enhancing students learning, this study explores the role of academic freedom in implementing a student-centred approach. To achieve this objective, the study relies on a qualitative case study research design. In this regard, semi-structured interviews and observation were employed as data gathering tools. The data passed through a series of data analysis processes ranging from data reduction to data verification. The study was conducted at a public university in Ethiopia and recruited ten instructors and twelve students from four randomly selected colleges/institutes belonging to the participating university. The initial analysis resulted in two major themes, each having two subthemes. That is academic freedom at the institutional level for instructors and students and academic freedom at the classroom for instructors and students. Given this, the findings show that the academic freedom of students at the classroom level affects the adoption of student-centred approaches. Students seem to be restrained from freely sharing their concerns, being afraid of the backlash from their instructors and colleagues. Moreover, the instructors in Abay University seem excluded in deciding to implement a student-centred approach in every classroom other than receiving pedagogical training to implement it as a non-negotiable change. These findings call for higher education reforms at national and institutional levels to cultivate an organisational environment that facilitates student-centred approaches. Keywords: student-centred approach, academic freedom, active learning approaches, higher education, Ethiopia
鉴于以学生为中心的方法在促进学生学习方面的巨大作用,本研究探讨了学术自由在实施以学生为中心的方法中的作用。为了实现这一目标,本研究依赖于定性案例研究设计。在这方面,采用半结构化访谈和观察作为数据收集工具。数据经过从数据缩减到数据验证的一系列数据分析过程。这项研究是在埃塞俄比亚的一所公立大学进行的,从随机选择的属于参与大学的四所学院/研究所招募了10名教员和12名学生。最初的分析产生了两个主要主题,每个主题都有两个次要主题。这就是学院层面的教师和学生的学术自由以及课堂上教师和学生的学术自由。鉴于此,研究结果表明,学生在课堂上的学术自由会影响以学生为中心的方法的采用。学生们似乎不愿自由地分享他们的担忧,因为他们害怕遭到老师和同事的反对。此外,阿贝大学的教员似乎被排除在决定在每个教室实施以学生为中心的做法之外,而不是接受教学培训,将其作为一种不可谈判的改变加以实施。这些发现呼吁在国家和机构层面进行高等教育改革,以培养一种有利于以学生为中心的方法的组织环境。关键词:以学生为中心,学术自由,主动学习方法,高等教育,埃塞俄比亚
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引用次数: 0
Music Class and Abuse 音乐课与虐待
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.30958/aje.9-4-3
banu özevin
It is important for the teacher, who is one of the main actors in the cognitive, mental and psychological development of their students, to create a safe educational environment. However the state in Turkey has received reports that have found abusive behavior by some teachers. The main objective of this study is to question the existence of abuse by music teachers. The participants of the study consisted of 902 students studying in different Faculty of Education departments in Turkey. The research is a descriptive study and employed a survey model. The data were collected through an “Abuse in Music Class Questionnaire”, which was developed by the researcher. The results revealed that more than one-quarter of the responding students experienced emotional abuse and 5 to 10% suffered physical abuse in music classes during middle school and high school. Men reported emotional abuse significantly more than women. This study showed that students may experience abuse in music classes and that emotional abuse is more common than physical abuse. As far as reasons for abuse, classroom management problems, a lack of knowledge about pedagogic principles in the developmental characteristics of children, and teaching methods are highlighted. Keywords: abuse, music teacher, music class, abuse in music class, classroom management
作为学生认知、心理和心理发展的主要参与者之一,教师创造一个安全的教育环境是非常重要的。然而,土耳其政府收到了一些教师有虐待行为的报告。本研究的主要目的是质疑音乐教师虐待的存在。该研究的参与者包括902名在土耳其不同教育学院学习的学生。本研究为描述性研究,采用调查模型。数据是通过研究人员开发的“音乐课滥用调查问卷”收集的。结果显示,超过四分之一的受访学生在初中和高中音乐课上遭受过精神虐待,5%至10%的学生遭受过身体虐待。男性报告的情感虐待明显多于女性。这项研究表明,学生可能在音乐课上遭受虐待,情感虐待比身体虐待更常见。虐待的原因主要有课堂管理问题、缺乏对儿童发展特点的教育学原则的认识以及教学方法。关键词:虐待,音乐教师,音乐课堂,音乐课堂虐待,课堂管理
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引用次数: 0
Understanding Effective Teaching Beliefs of Instructors and Students: A Qualitative ‎Study at an Ethiopian University 理解教师和学生的有效教学信念:埃塞俄比亚大学的定性研究
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.30958/aje.9-4-8
M. Taye, Abdulghani Muthanna, Guoyuan Sang, Ahmed Alduais
This article explores instructors and students’ beliefs toward effective teaching in higher education in Ethiopia. Besides classroom observations, we developed and conducted semi-structured interviews with ten instructors and 12 students at one higher education institution. We followed the data condensation and displayed it for interpreting the data. The findings highlight the qualities of effective teaching and the hope for a change in the current teaching approach to actively participate in the teaching-learning action. This, however, demands a change in designing the course syllabus and assignments and the continuous professional development of the teaching faculty. Keywords: beliefs, effective teaching, student-centered approach, professional development, higher education, Ethiopia
本文探讨了埃塞俄比亚高等教育中教师和学生对有效教学的信念。除了课堂观察,我们还对一所高等教育机构的10名教师和12名学生进行了半结构化访谈。我们遵循数据浓缩并显示它以解释数据。研究结果突出了有效教学的质量,并希望改变目前的教学方法,积极参与教学活动。然而,这需要改变课程大纲和作业的设计,以及教师队伍的持续专业发展。关键词:信念、有效教学、以学生为中心的方法、专业发展、高等教育、埃塞俄比亚
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Self-Efficacy and Educational Beliefs in Democratic Values: The Case of Turkish Pre-Service Teachers 自我效能和教育信念在民主价值观中的作用——以土耳其职前教师为例
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.30958/aje.9-4-2
Raṣit Çelik, Fatih Koca, İbrahim Dadandı
The purpose of this study is to examine the role of self-efficacy and educational beliefs in relation to democratic values, while focusing on Turkish pre-service teachers. 382 pre-service teachers from a public university in Turkey have voluntarily participated in this study and responded to a series of research instruments provided by the Educational Belief, Teacher Sense of Self-Efficacy and Democratic Values Scales. The results revealed that higher self-efficacy belief is positively associated with higher democratic values among pre-service teachers who endorse contemporary philosophical approaches to education. Keywords: higher education, democracy, philosophy of education, teacher education
本研究的目的是研究自我效能感和教育信念在民主价值观方面的作用,同时关注土耳其职前教师。土耳其一所公立大学的382名职前教师自愿参与了本研究,并对教育信念、教师自我效能感和民主价值观量表提供的一系列研究工具进行了回答。结果显示,在认同当代哲学教育方法的职前教师中,较高的自我效能感信念与较高的民主价值观呈正相关。关键词:高等教育,民主,教育哲学,教师教育
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引用次数: 0
Online Surveillance and Education for Digital Competence 在线监控和数字能力教育
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.30958/aje.9-4-1
Lars Samuelsson, N. Lindström
Digital competence has become increasingly important in modern societies and is today central to the possibility of participating on equal terms as a citizen in a contemporary democracy. Thus, it is now stressed as a crucial learning objective, nationally as well as internationally. One pervasive consequence of the digitalization of society is the facilitation of intrusive online surveillance: when we are online, we leave traces that provide useful information to companies, organizations, and individuals, who can collect, process, use, and share this information. The purpose of this article is to reveal the need for an increased awareness of the surveillance aspect of digitalization in teacher education and schools. The argument is partly based on a questionnaire survey with 560 current and former Swedish student teachers, about online behavior and privacy. The results indicate that Swedish teachers in general need to further their digital competence in order to be able to appropriately aid their pupils in developing digital literacy. Given that Swedish student teachers can be expected to possess a comparatively very high level of digital competence, we think it is safe to generalize this point to comprise teachers in many other countries as well. We argue that an awareness of the surveillance aspect of digitalization is crucial to being a cognizant citizen in a democratic society, and that it should therefore constitute a natural part of education for digital competence. Keywords: education for digital competence, digital competence, education for digital literacy, digital literacy, digitalization, online surveillance, soft surveillance, surveillance, surveillance culture, privacy
数字能力在现代社会中变得越来越重要,今天是作为公民平等参与当代民主的可能性的核心。因此,它现在被强调为一个至关重要的学习目标,无论是在国内还是国际上。社会数字化的一个普遍后果是促进了侵入性的在线监控:当我们在线时,我们会留下痕迹,为公司、组织和个人提供有用的信息,他们可以收集、处理、使用和共享这些信息。本文的目的是揭示在教师教育和学校中提高对数字化监控方面的认识的必要性。这一论点部分基于对560名现任和前任瑞典学生教师进行的关于网络行为和隐私的问卷调查。研究结果表明,瑞典教师通常需要进一步提高他们的数字能力,以便能够适当地帮助学生发展数字素养。鉴于瑞典的学生教师可以期望拥有相对非常高的数字能力水平,我们认为可以将这一点概括为许多其他国家的教师。我们认为,对数字化监控方面的认识对于在民主社会中成为一名公认的公民至关重要,因此它应该成为数字能力教育的自然组成部分。关键词:数字能力教育、数字能力、数字素养教育、数字素养、数字化、在线监控、软监控、监控、监控文化、隐私
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引用次数: 2
The Effect of Nutrition Educational Programs on the Composition of Home Prepared Children’s Breakfasts 营养教育计划对家庭自制儿童早餐成分的影响
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.30958/aje.9-4-9
Ayala Raviv, Ester Aflalo
The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of two intervention programs in improving dietary habits in two groups of preschool and fifth-grade students. The programs were tailored to the target age group. The composition of each of the children’s breakfasts that were brought from home was recorded both before and after the intervention program. Every food item received a score according to its nutritional quality, and each meal was summed accordingly. T-tests were performed in order to determine the significance of differences between the nutritional quality of the children’s breakfast items before and after the intervention. It was found that the nutritional quality of all breakfast components and its overall health quality improved significantly in both age groups. The study’s results indicate that the intervention program is effective for a range of young ages. It is recommended to conduct such programs starting in preschools, and subsequently in schools. Keywords: nutrition educational program, health education, meal components
这项研究旨在检验两项干预计划在改善两组学龄前和五年级学生饮食习惯方面的有效性。这些节目是为目标年龄组量身定做的。在干预计划之前和之后,记录了每个孩子从家里带来的早餐的成分。每一种食物都根据其营养质量得到一个分数,每一顿饭都相应地得到一个分数。采用t检验确定干预前后儿童早餐营养质量差异的显著性。结果发现,在两个年龄组中,所有早餐成分的营养质量和整体健康质量都有显著改善。研究结果表明,干预计划对一系列年轻人都是有效的。建议从学前班开始,然后在学校开展这样的项目。关键词:营养教育方案,健康教育,膳食成分
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引用次数: 0
Distance Education Experiences of Teacher-Parents during the COVID-19 新冠肺炎疫情期间教师家长远程教育体会
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.30958/aje.9-4-4
Derya Güvercin, Ayşe Elitok Kesici, Sait Akbasli
This research aimed to determine the opinions of teacher parents about distance education process during COVID-19. The study was designed as a case study which is one of the methods in qualitative research. The sample of the study composed of 83 teacher parents from different branches in Turkey. Maximum variation and criterion sampling methods were used to select the participants. The data of the study were gathered though open ended questions developed by the researchers and were analyzed through descriptive and content analyses. According to the participants, distance education is perceived and accepted as a means of support rather than an alternative to face-to-face education. Participants mentioned the distance education carried out during the pandemic process as a beneficial practice in order to prevent students from breaking off from education but also they stated administrative issues, lack of computer science knowledge and internet-related problems. The inability to disseminate distance education to all students, especially disadvantaged students due to the lack of infrastructure, indifferent parents and the fact that distance education is insufficient in the education of young children/special education students show that distance education has not yet met the expectations to provide equal opportunities for everyone involved. Keywords: COVID-19, distance education, pandemic, teacher, parent
本研究旨在了解新冠肺炎期间教师家长对远程教育过程的看法。本研究采用个案研究的方式,是定性研究的方法之一。该研究的样本由来自土耳其不同分支机构的83名教师家长组成。采用最大变异法和标准抽样法选择研究对象。该研究的数据是通过研究人员开发的开放式问题收集的,并通过描述性和内容分析进行分析。根据参与者的说法,远程教育被认为是一种支持手段,而不是面对面教育的替代品。与会者提到,在大流行期间开展的远程教育是一种有益的做法,可以防止学生中断学习,但他们也指出了行政问题、缺乏计算机科学知识和与互联网有关的问题。由于基础设施的缺乏、家长的冷漠以及远程教育在幼儿/特殊教育学生教育中的不足,远程教育无法向所有学生,特别是弱势学生传播,这表明远程教育还没有达到为每个参与者提供平等机会的期望。关键词:新冠肺炎远程教育大流行教师家长
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引用次数: 12
Determinants of Academic Performance of the Students of Public Universities in Bangladesh 孟加拉国公立大学学生学业成绩的决定因素
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.30958/aje.9-4-6
R. Alam, R. Islam
Education is one of the most important factors in producing human resources. University education can be influenced by many factors that affect students’ quality of academic performance. The main focus of this study is identifying the influencing factors that are significantly associated with the academic performance of universities students. Data were extracted from the various departments of two public universities. Data analysis by Contingency and logistic regression were used to identify the determinants of academic performance of the students. Among the students, 56.8% were male and 43.2% were female most of them are Muslims and unmarried. 75.1% of students came from rural areas, only 15% of students’ mothers were higher educated and 65% of student's family status was middle class. Higher educated mother, HSC and SSC results, admitted to an expected university, admitted present department by their own choice, study environment in the department and use of the internet had significant effects on the results of 1st year of the students. The findings concluded that increase and improve students’ academic performance are some crucial steps regarding securing admission first choice of the department and advising about peer influence should be taken into consideration. Keywords: determinants, academic performance, public university, logistic regression analysis, Bangladesh
教育是人力资源生产的重要因素之一。大学教育受到许多影响学生学业成绩质量的因素的影响。本研究的主要焦点是找出与大学生学业成绩显著相关的影响因素。数据来自两所公立大学的各个部门。数据分析采用偶然性和逻辑回归来确定学生学习成绩的决定因素。其中男生占56.8%,女生占43.2%,以穆斯林为主,未婚。75.1%的学生来自农村地区,只有15%的学生母亲受过高等教育,65%的学生家庭为中产阶级。高学历母亲、HSC和SSC成绩、入读预期大学、自主选择入读本系、本系学习环境和网络使用情况对学生第一年成绩有显著影响。研究结果表明,提高和改善学生的学习成绩是确保录取系第一选择的关键步骤,并应考虑有关同伴影响的建议。关键词:决定因素,学习成绩,公立大学,logistic回归分析,孟加拉国
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引用次数: 2
An Examination of Factors Predicting the Academic Success of Undergraduate Second-Language Learners in the United Arab Emirates 阿拉伯联合酋长国大学生第二语言学习者学业成功的预测因素研究
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.30958/aje.9-4-10
Surhan Fatima Qureshi, Sharon Kay Waller
The study examined factors contributing to the academic success of second-language learners at an English-medium public university in the United Arab Emirates in their first- through fourth year of study. The research utilized a quantitative approach via correlational analysis. The Pearson r was employed to establish the level of correlation between and among the indicated factors and provide perspectives on the strength of the relationships. Findings suggest that relationships do exist between or among the identified variables and the cumulative grade point average. The analysis found that males tend to have lower CGPAs during all four academic years. For both genders the initial IELTS scores for correlated with academic performance in the first two years, that high school track did not correlate with academic success, and that secondary academic performance had a positive correlation with academic success at the university level. Keywords: academic success, gender, English proficiency
这项研究调查了阿拉伯联合酋长国一所以英语授课的公立大学的第二语言学习者在第一至第四年学习期间取得学业成功的因素。本研究采用相关分析的定量方法。使用Pearson r来建立指示因素之间的相关水平,并提供有关关系强度的观点。研究结果表明,在确定的变量和累积平均成绩之间或之间确实存在关系。分析发现,在所有四个学年中,男性的平均绩点往往较低。无论男女,最初的雅思成绩与前两年的学业成绩相关,高中阶段的成绩与学业成功无关,中学阶段的学业成绩与大学阶段的学业成功呈正相关。关键词:学业成功,性别,英语水平
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引用次数: 0
Study on Factors Affecting English Acquisition of Chinese Minority Students Majoring in Nursing in a Blended Learning Environment 混合学习环境下影响少数民族护理专业学生英语习得的因素研究
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.30958/aje.9-4-5
Yingchun Tan, Jie Yang, Chunlin Yao
Blended learning is an increasingly prevalent trend in College English acquisition. This research seeks to study the influence of a blended learning environment to English acquisition, and the differences between the high- achieving learners and the low-achieving learners for Chinese minority preparation college students in English acquisition. Eighty students were selected as the research subjects, and the research instruments included questionnaire and interview questions to collect data. The study results show that a blended learning environment, to some degree, can help learners overcome anxiety and cultivate autonomous learning abilities. In addition, high-achieving language learners are willing to ask for help from others when they encounter problems; they are able to choose their learning strategies on their own, and have the strong ability of self-learning. Keywords: Chinese students, nursing, English as a foreign language, acquisition, blended learning
混合学习是大学英语学习中日益普遍的趋势。本研究旨在研究混合学习环境对中国少数民族预科大学生英语习得的影响,以及高成就学习者和低成就学习者在英语习得方面的差异。选择80名学生作为研究对象,研究工具包括问卷和访谈问题以收集数据。研究结果表明,混合学习环境在一定程度上可以帮助学习者克服焦虑,培养自主学习能力。此外,成绩优异的语言学习者在遇到问题时愿意向他人寻求帮助;他们能够自主选择学习策略,具有较强的自学能力。关键词:中国学生、护理、英语作为外语、习得、混合学习
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Athens Journal of Education
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