Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.15604/carep.2019.01.03.002
Said Al-Hasan, B. Thomas, Katja Ehrnthaller
This exploratory study aims to execute a cross-national comparison of perceived service qualities of 15 selected customer services in hypermarkets in Germany and the United Kingdom by using an adapted version of SERVQUAL. Between the German and the British consumer samples, similarities predominantly occur for the levels of importance in terms of rank order, whereas differences are mainly apparent in the average evaluations per customer service as well as in the perceptions of overall service qualities. These differences and similarities can be traced back to economic and cultural aspects; however, managers’ assumptions about consumers’ levels of importance are also responsible for the degrees of perceived service qualities – mainly when these are negative. Therefore, it is concluded that store managers to carry out more consumer surveys to be better informed about consumers’ requirements.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Consumers’ Perceptions of Service Quality of Customer Services in German and British Hypermarkets","authors":"Said Al-Hasan, B. Thomas, Katja Ehrnthaller","doi":"10.15604/carep.2019.01.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15604/carep.2019.01.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"This exploratory study aims to execute a cross-national comparison of perceived service qualities of 15 selected customer services in hypermarkets in Germany and the United Kingdom by using an adapted version of SERVQUAL. Between the German and the British consumer samples, similarities predominantly occur for the levels of importance in terms of rank order, whereas differences are mainly apparent in the average evaluations per customer service as well as in the perceptions of overall service qualities. These differences and similarities can be traced back to economic and cultural aspects; however, managers’ assumptions about consumers’ levels of importance are also responsible for the degrees of perceived service qualities – mainly when these are negative. Therefore, it is concluded that store managers to carry out more consumer surveys to be better informed about consumers’ requirements.","PeriodicalId":365261,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Review of Economics & Policy","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125034910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.15604/carep.2019.01.03.003
Hiroaki Hayakawa
This paper addresses whether the monetary expansion can create wealth in the long-run and how this wealth creation is related to the nature of the marginal impatience when preferences are recursive with money yielding utility to infinitely-lived agents. We show that the neutrality or the non-neutrality of money in terms of wealth creation depends on whether the marginal impatience is increasing, decreasing, or remaining constant. In particular, if the marginal impatience is constant, money is super-neutral and does not affect wealth creation. On the other hand, if the marginal impatience is increasing or decreasing, money is non-super-neutral and affects wealth creation, positively if the marginal impatience is growing in consumption and real balances, and negatively if the marginal impatience is decreasing in consumption and real balances. These results place the long-debated neutrality-of-money issues in perspective concerning wealth creation and time preference.
{"title":"Money, Wealth, Time Preference, and Marginal Impatience","authors":"Hiroaki Hayakawa","doi":"10.15604/carep.2019.01.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15604/carep.2019.01.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses whether the monetary expansion can create wealth in the long-run and how this wealth creation is related to the nature of the marginal impatience when preferences are recursive with money yielding utility to infinitely-lived agents. We show that the neutrality or the non-neutrality of money in terms of wealth creation depends on whether the marginal impatience is increasing, decreasing, or remaining constant. In particular, if the marginal impatience is constant, money is super-neutral and does not affect wealth creation. On the other hand, if the marginal impatience is increasing or decreasing, money is non-super-neutral and affects wealth creation, positively if the marginal impatience is growing in consumption and real balances, and negatively if the marginal impatience is decreasing in consumption and real balances. These results place the long-debated neutrality-of-money issues in perspective concerning wealth creation and time preference.","PeriodicalId":365261,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Review of Economics & Policy","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114560648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.15604/carep.2019.01.03.001
Zhenyu Cui, Nobuo Akai
This research explores the efficiency of government expenditure on health care by Asian countries and the impact of political factors on the efficiency. For Asian countries, it is of great importance for governments to convert economic development to the improvement of residents’ welfare and health condition. Political factors may affect efficiency, and their effects have not been clarified enough, especially in Asia. This research firstly calculates the efficiency score with the Data Envelopment Analysis. After this, we explore the impact of political and other factors and find that the degree of corruption has a negative effect on the efficiency of health care expenditure, while stable political condition and democracy affects the efficiency positively, which suggests that anti-corruption measures, stable political conditions, and democratic system are favorable for the improvement of the efficiency of expenditure on health care of Asian countries.
{"title":"Corruption, Political Stability and Efficiency of Government Expenditure on Health Care: Evidence fromAsian Countries","authors":"Zhenyu Cui, Nobuo Akai","doi":"10.15604/carep.2019.01.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15604/carep.2019.01.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores the efficiency of government expenditure on health care by Asian countries and the impact of political factors on the efficiency. For Asian countries, it is of great importance for governments to convert economic development to the improvement of residents’ welfare and health condition. Political factors may affect efficiency, and their effects have not been clarified enough, especially in Asia. This research firstly calculates the efficiency score with the Data Envelopment Analysis. After this, we explore the impact of political and other factors and find that the degree of corruption has a negative effect on the efficiency of health care expenditure, while stable political condition and democracy affects the efficiency positively, which suggests that anti-corruption measures, stable political conditions, and democratic system are favorable for the improvement of the efficiency of expenditure on health care of Asian countries.","PeriodicalId":365261,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Review of Economics & Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130562328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.15604/carep.2019.01.03.004
Maryia Akulava
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) roles are rising over the last decades, and their innovativeness is vital for competitive advantages and sustainable development of the economy in general. Little knowledge exists on the difference in innovation behavior of men and women leading SMEs in transition countries. Using the firm-level data from 30 countries in transition that took part in the 5th Wave of BEEPS survey (2013), this paper estimates whether there is a gender gap in the innovation actions of the SMEs leaders. The results show that the propensity to innovate is higher among female owners, and this finding preserves for four different measures of innovativeness. Thus, female involvement in business might be beneficial for the innovative and sustainable development of an economy. Estimation of the gap in efficiency of implemented innovations did not reveal any strong prevailing gender in terms of effectiveness, and it depends on the type of proxy for innovativeness as well as an indicator of SME’s performance.
{"title":"Gender and Innovativeness of Small and Medium Enterprises: The Case of Transition Countries","authors":"Maryia Akulava","doi":"10.15604/carep.2019.01.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15604/carep.2019.01.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) roles are rising over the last decades, and their innovativeness is vital for competitive advantages and sustainable development of the economy in general. Little knowledge exists on the difference in innovation behavior of men and women leading SMEs in transition countries. Using the firm-level data from 30 countries in transition that took part in the 5th Wave of BEEPS survey (2013), this paper estimates whether there is a gender gap in the innovation actions of the SMEs leaders. The results show that the propensity to innovate is higher among female owners, and this finding preserves for four different measures of innovativeness. Thus, female involvement in business might be beneficial for the innovative and sustainable development of an economy. Estimation of the gap in efficiency of implemented innovations did not reveal any strong prevailing gender in terms of effectiveness, and it depends on the type of proxy for innovativeness as well as an indicator of SME’s performance.","PeriodicalId":365261,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Review of Economics & Policy","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116125197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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