Pub Date : 2020-12-08DOI: 10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656938
K. Aikin
The electric power industry is rapidly changing, and the change is accelerating with the increased penetration of distributed energy resources like wind, solar, and storage. Another trend, beneficial electrification, ultimately will convert a large portion of energy consumption from liquid fuels to electricity, further accelerating grid transformation. At the same time, consumer expectations are changing with the relationship between consumers, utilities, and other entities radically changing with consumers actively participating in the electric grid. Utilities and policymakers will need to respond to this grid evolution.In the future grid, stakeholders will see a more participatory, distributed, resilient, and cleaner grid, but new business models will need to emerge. The utility industry and other stakeholders are looking at new economic-based approaches like Transactive Energy to provide a prominent role in the transition from a top-down, centralized system to a more bottom-up distributed system for value transfer. What architecture, procedures, controls, and business models will drive this adoption of Transactive Energy in the future grid?It is currently unclear what business models will prevail for both utilities and consumers in this new vision. Will it be a single business model, or will there be many business models based upon different use cases and locations supported by a future Transactive Energy architecture? In this paper, participants will get a quick overview of the expected future grid architecture and likely business models enabled by that architecture, allowing for flexible coordination of both centralized and distributed electrical grid elements.
{"title":"Business Models for Stakeholder Participation in the Future TE World","authors":"K. Aikin","doi":"10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656938","url":null,"abstract":"The electric power industry is rapidly changing, and the change is accelerating with the increased penetration of distributed energy resources like wind, solar, and storage. Another trend, beneficial electrification, ultimately will convert a large portion of energy consumption from liquid fuels to electricity, further accelerating grid transformation. At the same time, consumer expectations are changing with the relationship between consumers, utilities, and other entities radically changing with consumers actively participating in the electric grid. Utilities and policymakers will need to respond to this grid evolution.In the future grid, stakeholders will see a more participatory, distributed, resilient, and cleaner grid, but new business models will need to emerge. The utility industry and other stakeholders are looking at new economic-based approaches like Transactive Energy to provide a prominent role in the transition from a top-down, centralized system to a more bottom-up distributed system for value transfer. What architecture, procedures, controls, and business models will drive this adoption of Transactive Energy in the future grid?It is currently unclear what business models will prevail for both utilities and consumers in this new vision. Will it be a single business model, or will there be many business models based upon different use cases and locations supported by a future Transactive Energy architecture? In this paper, participants will get a quick overview of the expected future grid architecture and likely business models enabled by that architecture, allowing for flexible coordination of both centralized and distributed electrical grid elements.","PeriodicalId":365421,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transactive Energy Systems Conference (TESC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131927129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-08DOI: 10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656933
S. O. Muhanji, Samuel Golding, Tad Montgomery, Clifton Below, A. Farid
The electricity distribution system is fundamentally changing due to the widespread adoption of distributed generation, network-enabled physical devices, and active consumer engagement. These changes necessitate new control structures for electric distribution systems that leverage the benefits of integral social and retail market engagement from individual electricity consumers through active community-level coordination to support the integration of distributed energy resources. This work discusses a collaboration between Dartmouth, the City of Lebanon New Hampshire (NH) and Liberty Utilities to develop a transactive energy control platform for Lebanon. At its core, this work highlights the efforts of determined communities within the state of New Hampshire seeking to democratize energy and spearhead the sustainable energy transition. The work implements a distributed economic model-predictive control (MPC) formulation of a dynamic alternating current (AC) optimal power flow to study the flows of power within the Lebanon distribution grid. It employs the recently proposed augmented Lagrangian alternating direction inexact newton (ALADIN) distributed control algorithm that has been shown to guarantee convergence even for non-convex problems. The paper demonstrates the simulation methodology on a 13 node Lebanon feeder with a peak load of 6000kW. Ultimately, this work seeks to highlight the added benefits of a distributed transactive energy implementation namely: lowered emissions, cheaper cost of electricity, and improved reliability of the Lebanon electric distribution system.
{"title":"Developing a Blockchain Transactive Energy Control Platform in Lebanon to Transform the New Hampshire Electricity Market","authors":"S. O. Muhanji, Samuel Golding, Tad Montgomery, Clifton Below, A. Farid","doi":"10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656933","url":null,"abstract":"The electricity distribution system is fundamentally changing due to the widespread adoption of distributed generation, network-enabled physical devices, and active consumer engagement. These changes necessitate new control structures for electric distribution systems that leverage the benefits of integral social and retail market engagement from individual electricity consumers through active community-level coordination to support the integration of distributed energy resources. This work discusses a collaboration between Dartmouth, the City of Lebanon New Hampshire (NH) and Liberty Utilities to develop a transactive energy control platform for Lebanon. At its core, this work highlights the efforts of determined communities within the state of New Hampshire seeking to democratize energy and spearhead the sustainable energy transition. The work implements a distributed economic model-predictive control (MPC) formulation of a dynamic alternating current (AC) optimal power flow to study the flows of power within the Lebanon distribution grid. It employs the recently proposed augmented Lagrangian alternating direction inexact newton (ALADIN) distributed control algorithm that has been shown to guarantee convergence even for non-convex problems. The paper demonstrates the simulation methodology on a 13 node Lebanon feeder with a peak load of 6000kW. Ultimately, this work seeks to highlight the added benefits of a distributed transactive energy implementation namely: lowered emissions, cheaper cost of electricity, and improved reliability of the Lebanon electric distribution system.","PeriodicalId":365421,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transactive Energy Systems Conference (TESC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131460944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-08DOI: 10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656940
Alan Ransil, M. Hammersley, F. O'Sullivan
Formal verification tools such as TLA+ allow errors to be uncovered through exhaustive exploration of reachable states, and are the gold standard for ensuring resilience in software systems. In particular, these methods can be used to identify error states emerging from precise interactions between multiple subsystems that would occur only after long periods of testing, operation, or stacked error conditions. This approach has been applied to eliminate errors in commercial software systems, networking, industrial controls, and increasingly in energy applications. We have recently demonstrated the use of standard distribution feeders as a basis for TLA+ models in order to provide a test setup for investigating distributed energy control algorithms. Here we examine a distribution feeder under conditions in which a transmission outage curtails slack bus power flows. While conventional grid architectures under these conditions would de-energize the feeder and require nodes with distributed energy resources (DERs) to operate in islanded mode, we model control algorithms for a transactive energy system in which DERs are able to sell power to neighboring nodes. A modular architecture is used to add new node and feeder capabilities, such as the ability to buy and sell energy in hyperlocal distribution markets, as module upgrades while containing modifications to the control system used to operate the feeder. This approach allows the resiliency benefits of transactive energy to be gained while minimizing implementation costs through the reduction of complexity. We model a laminar coordination framework and use TLA+ to formally verify its operation. Using this formal specification, we investigate the latency of coordination signals over a range of system states and identify conditions for stable operation. We show that while allowing energy transactions between peers on a feeder improves system resilience by permitting continued operation despite the failure of transmission infrastructure, care must be taken to address other failure modes that arise from this decentralized architecture which can be addressed through model checking. This work establishes formal verification as an invaluable tool for realization of the resiliency benefits of transactive energy by uncovering potential failure modes and providing engineers a chance to mitigate them before systems are commissioned.
{"title":"Improving system resilience through formal verification of transactive energy controls","authors":"Alan Ransil, M. Hammersley, F. O'Sullivan","doi":"10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656940","url":null,"abstract":"Formal verification tools such as TLA+ allow errors to be uncovered through exhaustive exploration of reachable states, and are the gold standard for ensuring resilience in software systems. In particular, these methods can be used to identify error states emerging from precise interactions between multiple subsystems that would occur only after long periods of testing, operation, or stacked error conditions. This approach has been applied to eliminate errors in commercial software systems, networking, industrial controls, and increasingly in energy applications. We have recently demonstrated the use of standard distribution feeders as a basis for TLA+ models in order to provide a test setup for investigating distributed energy control algorithms. Here we examine a distribution feeder under conditions in which a transmission outage curtails slack bus power flows. While conventional grid architectures under these conditions would de-energize the feeder and require nodes with distributed energy resources (DERs) to operate in islanded mode, we model control algorithms for a transactive energy system in which DERs are able to sell power to neighboring nodes. A modular architecture is used to add new node and feeder capabilities, such as the ability to buy and sell energy in hyperlocal distribution markets, as module upgrades while containing modifications to the control system used to operate the feeder. This approach allows the resiliency benefits of transactive energy to be gained while minimizing implementation costs through the reduction of complexity. We model a laminar coordination framework and use TLA+ to formally verify its operation. Using this formal specification, we investigate the latency of coordination signals over a range of system states and identify conditions for stable operation. We show that while allowing energy transactions between peers on a feeder improves system resilience by permitting continued operation despite the failure of transmission infrastructure, care must be taken to address other failure modes that arise from this decentralized architecture which can be addressed through model checking. This work establishes formal verification as an invaluable tool for realization of the resiliency benefits of transactive energy by uncovering potential failure modes and providing engineers a chance to mitigate them before systems are commissioned.","PeriodicalId":365421,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transactive Energy Systems Conference (TESC)","volume":"397 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133578647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-08DOI: 10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656934
S. Bhattacharya, Thiagarajan Ramachandran, D. Hammerstrom
Increasing renewable energy resources and their associated forecast errors and intermittent productions increase the need for operational reserves in a power system. For distribution networks, prices for securing reserves from the transmission system may become high. A potentially superior (and possibly cheaper) resource to secure these reserves might be flexible, deferrable, controllable loads within the distribution network such as air-conditioning devices, electric vehicles and water heaters. In this paper, we present a cooptimization formulation for a distribution network and use the formulation to explore impacts of demand-side flexibility on power system reserve prices under different scenarios. These scenarios correspond to different levels of flexibility embedded within the demand as well as different levels of elasticity costs, which reflect the willingness of consumers to offer demand flexibility. Empirical studies with the proposed optimization framework suggest that the reserve prices within a power distribution network are impacted by the dynamics of the flexible loads, elasticity costs, the costs of exporting energy and reserves from the external bulk transmission grid, and the amount of generation available from distributed energy resources (DERs) within the distribution network.
{"title":"Impact of Time-Varying Demand Flexibility on Reserve Prices in Power Distribution Networks","authors":"S. Bhattacharya, Thiagarajan Ramachandran, D. Hammerstrom","doi":"10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656934","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing renewable energy resources and their associated forecast errors and intermittent productions increase the need for operational reserves in a power system. For distribution networks, prices for securing reserves from the transmission system may become high. A potentially superior (and possibly cheaper) resource to secure these reserves might be flexible, deferrable, controllable loads within the distribution network such as air-conditioning devices, electric vehicles and water heaters. In this paper, we present a cooptimization formulation for a distribution network and use the formulation to explore impacts of demand-side flexibility on power system reserve prices under different scenarios. These scenarios correspond to different levels of flexibility embedded within the demand as well as different levels of elasticity costs, which reflect the willingness of consumers to offer demand flexibility. Empirical studies with the proposed optimization framework suggest that the reserve prices within a power distribution network are impacted by the dynamics of the flexible loads, elasticity costs, the costs of exporting energy and reserves from the external bulk transmission grid, and the amount of generation available from distributed energy resources (DERs) within the distribution network.","PeriodicalId":365421,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transactive Energy Systems Conference (TESC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128080165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-08DOI: 10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656937
William Cox, T. Considine
We describe EML-CTS, new open source software from The Energy Mashup Lab. EML-CTS is an adaptable open source implementation of the Common Transactive Services (CTS), which were initially described in the NIST Transactive Energy Challenge in 2016. The evolved specification for CTS [1] will be submitted for standardization in 2020.We describe how we isolate volatility and support alternate market designs and market rules, while enabling systems and nodes to be built for today’s and tomorrow’s markets.The Java source code and documentation for EML-CTS is freely available on Github1, and is licensed under the Apache 2.0 License for simple inclusion in commercial and research projects.Users of the specification and the project include commercial energy system vendors, researchers in energy markets, and building systems including those using ISO 17800 (FSGIM) and IEC 62746-10-1 (OpenADR 2.0), IEC 62325, and other markets and standards capable of interacting using CTS.We include historical background, describe the project from logical and implementation perspectives, and discuss decisions made. We describe the standards-based interactions and conclude with work in progress.
{"title":"EML-CTS—Adaptable Open Source Transactive Energy—Architecture and Implementation","authors":"William Cox, T. Considine","doi":"10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656937","url":null,"abstract":"We describe EML-CTS, new open source software from The Energy Mashup Lab. EML-CTS is an adaptable open source implementation of the Common Transactive Services (CTS), which were initially described in the NIST Transactive Energy Challenge in 2016. The evolved specification for CTS [1] will be submitted for standardization in 2020.We describe how we isolate volatility and support alternate market designs and market rules, while enabling systems and nodes to be built for today’s and tomorrow’s markets.The Java source code and documentation for EML-CTS is freely available on Github1, and is licensed under the Apache 2.0 License for simple inclusion in commercial and research projects.Users of the specification and the project include commercial energy system vendors, researchers in energy markets, and building systems including those using ISO 17800 (FSGIM) and IEC 62746-10-1 (OpenADR 2.0), IEC 62325, and other markets and standards capable of interacting using CTS.We include historical background, describe the project from logical and implementation perspectives, and discuss decisions made. We describe the standards-based interactions and conclude with work in progress.","PeriodicalId":365421,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transactive Energy Systems Conference (TESC)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123990190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-08DOI: 10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656941
R. Gupta, D. O'Mahony
The grid is witnessing an increasing emergence of small distributed energy resources (DERs), along with a greater prevalence of storage systems. These participants have highly dynamic properties and thus introduce several transactional challenges. We propose a rapidly convergent, privacy preserving, real-time transactive energy (TE) system which uses a dynamic pay-as-bid double auction. We describe a prototype which simulates the behavior of the auction system and its participants who negotiate prices with individual bidding strategies. The proposed system allows the participants to transact without seeking numerous quantity-price trading pairs, thereby protecting confidentiality of cost curves of each competing participant. A less information-rich input does introduce some element of higher price volatility as an outcome, which, in this context, can be tolerated as parties perform small-ticket transactions. Such a TE system can be a step forward in preparing for a future where large generating firms and smaller complementary DERs participate in the market on an equal footing.
{"title":"A real-time TE system for pervasive DERs","authors":"R. Gupta, D. O'Mahony","doi":"10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656941","url":null,"abstract":"The grid is witnessing an increasing emergence of small distributed energy resources (DERs), along with a greater prevalence of storage systems. These participants have highly dynamic properties and thus introduce several transactional challenges. We propose a rapidly convergent, privacy preserving, real-time transactive energy (TE) system which uses a dynamic pay-as-bid double auction. We describe a prototype which simulates the behavior of the auction system and its participants who negotiate prices with individual bidding strategies. The proposed system allows the participants to transact without seeking numerous quantity-price trading pairs, thereby protecting confidentiality of cost curves of each competing participant. A less information-rich input does introduce some element of higher price volatility as an outcome, which, in this context, can be tolerated as parties perform small-ticket transactions. Such a TE system can be a step forward in preparing for a future where large generating firms and smaller complementary DERs participate in the market on an equal footing.","PeriodicalId":365421,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transactive Energy Systems Conference (TESC)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128257118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-08DOI: 10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656936
David Toquica, K. Agbossou, N. Henao, R. Malhamé, S. Kelouwani
Transactive Energy (TE) systems decentralize the grid management by allowing different kinds of agents to agree on power demand and selling prices. Accordingly, to succeed in the management and guarantee the dynamic balance between consumption and supply, it is essential to count on reliable agents that can fulfill their agreements. Currently, generation companies and large consumers have experience as decision-makers in wholesale electricity markets, and this condition facilitates their participation in TE systems. In contrast, the residential sector has mostly had a passive role in electricity markets. As a consequence, the expansion of TE systems to distribution grids requires not only the implementation of communication channels and market rules but also the development of tools that engage small consumers and producers. Facilitating and automating the participation in transactions will build trust in the TE systems and accelerate their deployment. In this regard, this paper presents an agent architecture based on a beliefs-desires-intention approach to automate residential prosumers’ decision process. The architecture is composed of six behaviors that consider the interaction with internal and external household environments, appliances modeling, and consumption planning. This architecture was illustrated in simulated transactions employing a heating system as a controllable load. The results suggest how data-driven models of aggregated demand signals could be useful to participate appropriately in a forward transactive energy market.
{"title":"Software Architecture for Residential Prosumer Agents in a Transactive Energy System","authors":"David Toquica, K. Agbossou, N. Henao, R. Malhamé, S. Kelouwani","doi":"10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656936","url":null,"abstract":"Transactive Energy (TE) systems decentralize the grid management by allowing different kinds of agents to agree on power demand and selling prices. Accordingly, to succeed in the management and guarantee the dynamic balance between consumption and supply, it is essential to count on reliable agents that can fulfill their agreements. Currently, generation companies and large consumers have experience as decision-makers in wholesale electricity markets, and this condition facilitates their participation in TE systems. In contrast, the residential sector has mostly had a passive role in electricity markets. As a consequence, the expansion of TE systems to distribution grids requires not only the implementation of communication channels and market rules but also the development of tools that engage small consumers and producers. Facilitating and automating the participation in transactions will build trust in the TE systems and accelerate their deployment. In this regard, this paper presents an agent architecture based on a beliefs-desires-intention approach to automate residential prosumers’ decision process. The architecture is composed of six behaviors that consider the interaction with internal and external household environments, appliances modeling, and consumption planning. This architecture was illustrated in simulated transactions employing a heating system as a controllable load. The results suggest how data-driven models of aggregated demand signals could be useful to participate appropriately in a forward transactive energy market.","PeriodicalId":365421,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transactive Energy Systems Conference (TESC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132960956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-08DOI: 10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656943
Diana Martinez-Trejo
The integration of distributed energy resources in smart grids have opened new venues for the Energy Management System. Since data calculation from smart meters is a major time-constraint, due to the available amount of data gathered by the Energy Management System, evidence from several studies suggests that the use of Blockchain would help to take control of the Peer-to-Peer energy trading transactions between prosumers. Blockchain can be used to reduce the computational burden involved in communication and decision making. On this paper we present a Peer-to-Peer energy trading based on Blockchain, taking into consideration some of the physical constraints on the distribution network. The objective of the model presented is to help the substation on-peak hours while enabling users to have more control on their contributions into the grid, with the focus on the use of renewable energies as a flexible source. The main contribution is the design of the smart contract that considers a radial low-voltage distribution network under a decentralized scheme in smart grids.
{"title":"Blockchain-based Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading","authors":"Diana Martinez-Trejo","doi":"10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656943","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of distributed energy resources in smart grids have opened new venues for the Energy Management System. Since data calculation from smart meters is a major time-constraint, due to the available amount of data gathered by the Energy Management System, evidence from several studies suggests that the use of Blockchain would help to take control of the Peer-to-Peer energy trading transactions between prosumers. Blockchain can be used to reduce the computational burden involved in communication and decision making. On this paper we present a Peer-to-Peer energy trading based on Blockchain, taking into consideration some of the physical constraints on the distribution network. The objective of the model presented is to help the substation on-peak hours while enabling users to have more control on their contributions into the grid, with the focus on the use of renewable energies as a flexible source. The main contribution is the design of the smart contract that considers a radial low-voltage distribution network under a decentralized scheme in smart grids.","PeriodicalId":365421,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transactive Energy Systems Conference (TESC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130208733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-08DOI: 10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656935
William R. Rinaldi
Renewable energy generation continues to grow, but its variability problem remains. Battery energy storage is one potential way to solve this problem and more efficiently utilize existing renewable energy infrastructure. While grid level battery projects have begun, vehicle to grid (V2G) interaction with electric vehicles (EV) could add a significant amount of energy storage. This work estimates the number of electric vehicles needed to efficiently utilize variable renewable energy resources in California using V2G interaction. Efficient use of variable renewable energy resources is defined for this paper as creating a constant power demand for conventional energy generators, as opposed to variable demand resulting from renewable energy fluctuations. While the data analyzed is specific to California, the models used and overarching "Vision for Participation" can be applied to any interconnected power network. To estimate the number of EVs required, an analytical approach is developed to create a constant difference between the daily renewable energy generation and consumer demand profiles over the course of an average day using battery storage. This difference will not only be useful as a metric for renewable energy growth, but will help utilities more efficiently dispatch their conventional generators and size their conventional portfolio. Battery deterioration is a critical component of V2G since there would need to be some transaction incentivizing EV owners to participate in powering the grid in the previously mentioned way. While this work does not provide specific pricing to EV participants, it does quantify battery deterioration on a per-charge basis, which could inform future pricing models for grid interaction. The parametric model of the capacity fade of an EV battery is developed using a combination of laboratory data and EV usage data for the most common lithium ion battery chemistry, NCA. The analysis of these two models suggest that a total of 1-2 million EVs (there are currently around 600,000) are required to effectively use V2G technology to efficiently utilize the renewable energy capability of California.
{"title":"An Estimation Model for the Number of EVs Required to Utilize V2G Technology","authors":"William R. Rinaldi","doi":"10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656935","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy generation continues to grow, but its variability problem remains. Battery energy storage is one potential way to solve this problem and more efficiently utilize existing renewable energy infrastructure. While grid level battery projects have begun, vehicle to grid (V2G) interaction with electric vehicles (EV) could add a significant amount of energy storage. This work estimates the number of electric vehicles needed to efficiently utilize variable renewable energy resources in California using V2G interaction. Efficient use of variable renewable energy resources is defined for this paper as creating a constant power demand for conventional energy generators, as opposed to variable demand resulting from renewable energy fluctuations. While the data analyzed is specific to California, the models used and overarching \"Vision for Participation\" can be applied to any interconnected power network. To estimate the number of EVs required, an analytical approach is developed to create a constant difference between the daily renewable energy generation and consumer demand profiles over the course of an average day using battery storage. This difference will not only be useful as a metric for renewable energy growth, but will help utilities more efficiently dispatch their conventional generators and size their conventional portfolio. Battery deterioration is a critical component of V2G since there would need to be some transaction incentivizing EV owners to participate in powering the grid in the previously mentioned way. While this work does not provide specific pricing to EV participants, it does quantify battery deterioration on a per-charge basis, which could inform future pricing models for grid interaction. The parametric model of the capacity fade of an EV battery is developed using a combination of laboratory data and EV usage data for the most common lithium ion battery chemistry, NCA. The analysis of these two models suggest that a total of 1-2 million EVs (there are currently around 600,000) are required to effectively use V2G technology to efficiently utilize the renewable energy capability of California.","PeriodicalId":365421,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transactive Energy Systems Conference (TESC)","volume":"118 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115556109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-08DOI: 10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656942
Alireza Parvizimosaed, Masoud Bashari, A. Kian, Daniel Amyot, J. Mylopoulos
Through transactive energy (TE) platforms, prosumers can enter into a contractual agreement with an Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO) to buy and sell energy. Accordingly, the TE contract holders are liable for contractual violations. Manual compliance checking of such transactions is infeasible due to large number of market rules as well as the plethora of executing TE contracts. Moreover, the TE system big data (e.g., offers, bids, and transaction activities) need to be maintained on a transparent, reliable, and secure plat-form. This paper presents a compliance checking method for transactive energy markets based on the IESO (in Ontario, Canada) market rules by using smart contracts that assure the integrity, reliability, and transparency of energy transactions’ data with a permissioned blockchain. The performance of the blockchain network is evaluated through transaction latency and resource utilization. In addition, an acceptance test is successfully conducted to validate the correctness of the platform in terms of trading workflow, runtime status of the TE contracts, and the quality of market clearing results.
{"title":"Compliance Checking for Transactive Energy Contracts using Smart Contracts","authors":"Alireza Parvizimosaed, Masoud Bashari, A. Kian, Daniel Amyot, J. Mylopoulos","doi":"10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TESC50295.2020.9656942","url":null,"abstract":"Through transactive energy (TE) platforms, prosumers can enter into a contractual agreement with an Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO) to buy and sell energy. Accordingly, the TE contract holders are liable for contractual violations. Manual compliance checking of such transactions is infeasible due to large number of market rules as well as the plethora of executing TE contracts. Moreover, the TE system big data (e.g., offers, bids, and transaction activities) need to be maintained on a transparent, reliable, and secure plat-form. This paper presents a compliance checking method for transactive energy markets based on the IESO (in Ontario, Canada) market rules by using smart contracts that assure the integrity, reliability, and transparency of energy transactions’ data with a permissioned blockchain. The performance of the blockchain network is evaluated through transaction latency and resource utilization. In addition, an acceptance test is successfully conducted to validate the correctness of the platform in terms of trading workflow, runtime status of the TE contracts, and the quality of market clearing results.","PeriodicalId":365421,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE PES Transactive Energy Systems Conference (TESC)","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124124631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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