Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/EDOC.1999.792060
Klement J. Fellner, K. Turowski
The Internet has created a tremendous opportunity to conduct business electronically. Innovative business concepts, like virtual enterprises, supply chain management, or one-to-one marketing, as well as advanced competitive strategies encompassing these business concepts, like mass customization, may be followed-up much more efficiently. However, competitive strategies like mass customization require sophisticated information infrastructures to support the indispensable business to business electronic commerce-even for small and medium enterprises taking part in a virtual enterprise that pursues mass customization. Especially electronic data interchange (EDI), which is understood as a means to exchange business data, is crucial to set up and maintain virtual enterprises. Thus, there is high demand on inexpensive and easily employable software that allows platform-independent exchange of business data between companies. We present an approach to a component (application) framework that aims to achieve this goal. By using the extensible markup language (XML) as an important cross-platform technique, together with common business communication standards, we show how the border of heterogeneous (distributed) application systems can be overcome. With this, the business communication protocol is set up. Taking this protocol as a basis, we further present a component framework, which is implemented using the JavaBeans technology that supports efficient inter-company communication. In addition, we show how this approach may further develop to a means for inter-company coordination.
{"title":"Component framework supporting inter-company cooperation","authors":"Klement J. Fellner, K. Turowski","doi":"10.1109/EDOC.1999.792060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOC.1999.792060","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet has created a tremendous opportunity to conduct business electronically. Innovative business concepts, like virtual enterprises, supply chain management, or one-to-one marketing, as well as advanced competitive strategies encompassing these business concepts, like mass customization, may be followed-up much more efficiently. However, competitive strategies like mass customization require sophisticated information infrastructures to support the indispensable business to business electronic commerce-even for small and medium enterprises taking part in a virtual enterprise that pursues mass customization. Especially electronic data interchange (EDI), which is understood as a means to exchange business data, is crucial to set up and maintain virtual enterprises. Thus, there is high demand on inexpensive and easily employable software that allows platform-independent exchange of business data between companies. We present an approach to a component (application) framework that aims to achieve this goal. By using the extensible markup language (XML) as an important cross-platform technique, together with common business communication standards, we show how the border of heterogeneous (distributed) application systems can be overcome. With this, the business communication protocol is set up. Taking this protocol as a basis, we further present a component framework, which is implemented using the JavaBeans technology that supports efficient inter-company communication. In addition, we show how this approach may further develop to a means for inter-company coordination.","PeriodicalId":365462,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Third International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing. Conference (Cat. No.99EX366)","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115763325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/EDOC.1999.792064
M. Aleksy, M. Schader, C. Tapper
The paper covers heterogeneous multi-tier environments based on CORBA and Java. On the client side there is a Web browser that connects to the middle tier through CORBA-based Java applets. The business logic is decoupled from the database server on the third tier. Access to the databases is made through a JDBC interface or with embedded SQL. We present considerations about the use of different browsers and multiple ORBs, concentrating on interoperability issues. We explore the problems that have to be faced and give practical advice on how to make things work.
{"title":"Interoperability and interchangeability of middleware components in a three-tier CORBA-environment-state of the art","authors":"M. Aleksy, M. Schader, C. Tapper","doi":"10.1109/EDOC.1999.792064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOC.1999.792064","url":null,"abstract":"The paper covers heterogeneous multi-tier environments based on CORBA and Java. On the client side there is a Web browser that connects to the middle tier through CORBA-based Java applets. The business logic is decoupled from the database server on the third tier. Access to the databases is made through a JDBC interface or with embedded SQL. We present considerations about the use of different browsers and multiple ORBs, concentrating on interoperability issues. We explore the problems that have to be faced and give practical advice on how to make things work.","PeriodicalId":365462,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Third International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing. Conference (Cat. No.99EX366)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114172823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/EDOC.1999.792046
K. Arshad, Yacine Atif, M. Siyal
Business via the Internet is becoming very popular. A number of organizations doing business in the traditional way are extending to do business over the World Wide Web. This not only results in reaching a very large number of customers in a cost-effective way but also makes business transactions fast and efficient. Most business-to-business deals are done through value-added networks (VANs) but, for general consumer-to-business deals, the Internet provides a powerful base. However, customer confidence in Internet commerce needs to be further strengthened before large-scale Internet purchasing becomes a reality. In recent years, we have seen the emergence of cryptographic techniques to provide secure transactions, but security alone is not enough, unless the transacting parties also trust each other. Hence, the main ingredient missing is trust. Many attempts have been made to provide secure and trust-providing protocols but few have seen any practical use. In this paper, we show how trust can be provided through a network of trust service providers (TSPs). We provide a set of trust services of a very basic nature which can be deployed through such a network. Our solution is implemented in the form of distributed objects on a CORBA-based platform. The clients accessing the trust services are written as Java applets.
{"title":"A CORBA based framework for trusted E-commerce transactions","authors":"K. Arshad, Yacine Atif, M. Siyal","doi":"10.1109/EDOC.1999.792046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOC.1999.792046","url":null,"abstract":"Business via the Internet is becoming very popular. A number of organizations doing business in the traditional way are extending to do business over the World Wide Web. This not only results in reaching a very large number of customers in a cost-effective way but also makes business transactions fast and efficient. Most business-to-business deals are done through value-added networks (VANs) but, for general consumer-to-business deals, the Internet provides a powerful base. However, customer confidence in Internet commerce needs to be further strengthened before large-scale Internet purchasing becomes a reality. In recent years, we have seen the emergence of cryptographic techniques to provide secure transactions, but security alone is not enough, unless the transacting parties also trust each other. Hence, the main ingredient missing is trust. Many attempts have been made to provide secure and trust-providing protocols but few have seen any practical use. In this paper, we show how trust can be provided through a network of trust service providers (TSPs). We provide a set of trust services of a very basic nature which can be deployed through such a network. Our solution is implemented in the form of distributed objects on a CORBA-based platform. The clients accessing the trust services are written as Java applets.","PeriodicalId":365462,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Third International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing. Conference (Cat. No.99EX366)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114469324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/EDOC.1999.792056
Matthias Nubling, Christian Popp, C. Zeidler
Long before middleware became a market topic and professional providers offered out of the box functionality, industry like Asea Brown Boveri (ABB), had to provide solutions, which were based on what we today call middleware. Consequently, many industrial firms developed their own solutions. We describe an ABB proprietary middleware product called Object Management Facility (OMF). We present all its architectural properties and functional features. Wherever meaningful, we compare OMF's abilities with those offered by DCOM and CORBA and for some aspects important to the domain of control systems, we show that even today, OMF can compete with commercially available middleware products.
{"title":"OMF-an object request broker for the process control application domain","authors":"Matthias Nubling, Christian Popp, C. Zeidler","doi":"10.1109/EDOC.1999.792056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOC.1999.792056","url":null,"abstract":"Long before middleware became a market topic and professional providers offered out of the box functionality, industry like Asea Brown Boveri (ABB), had to provide solutions, which were based on what we today call middleware. Consequently, many industrial firms developed their own solutions. We describe an ABB proprietary middleware product called Object Management Facility (OMF). We present all its architectural properties and functional features. Wherever meaningful, we compare OMF's abilities with those offered by DCOM and CORBA and for some aspects important to the domain of control systems, we show that even today, OMF can compete with commercially available middleware products.","PeriodicalId":365462,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Third International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing. Conference (Cat. No.99EX366)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128223630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/EDOC.1999.792048
Z. Kovács, R. McClatchey, J. Goff, N. Baker
In building models for manufacturing, product information has most often been handled separately from process information. The integration of product and process models in a unified data model could provide the means by which information could be shared across a manufacturing enterprise throughout the system lifecycle from design to production. Recently, attempts have been made to integrate these two separate views of systems through identifying common data models. This paper relates description-driven systems to multi-layer architectures and reveals where existing design patterns facilitate the integration of product and process models and where patterns are missing or where existing patterns require enrichment for this integration. It reports on the construction of a so-called description-driven system which integrates product data management (PDM) and workflow management (WfM) data models through a common meta-model.
{"title":"Patterns for integrating manufacturing product and process models","authors":"Z. Kovács, R. McClatchey, J. Goff, N. Baker","doi":"10.1109/EDOC.1999.792048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOC.1999.792048","url":null,"abstract":"In building models for manufacturing, product information has most often been handled separately from process information. The integration of product and process models in a unified data model could provide the means by which information could be shared across a manufacturing enterprise throughout the system lifecycle from design to production. Recently, attempts have been made to integrate these two separate views of systems through identifying common data models. This paper relates description-driven systems to multi-layer architectures and reveals where existing design patterns facilitate the integration of product and process models and where patterns are missing or where existing patterns require enrichment for this integration. It reports on the construction of a so-called description-driven system which integrates product data management (PDM) and workflow management (WfM) data models through a common meta-model.","PeriodicalId":365462,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Third International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing. Conference (Cat. No.99EX366)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116212634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/EDOC.1999.792065
L. Moser, P. Melliar-Smith, P. Narasimhan, L. A. Tewksbury, V. Kalogeraki
The Eternal system supports networked enterprise applications that must operate continuously 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. Based on the CORBA standard, Eternal provides object replication not only for fault tolerance but also for live software upgrades, as well as resource management facilities. Through the use of interceptors, Eternal renders the object replication transparent to the application, as well as to the ORB and to the operating system. Thus, Eternal works with commercial off-the-shelf CORBA ORBs and standard unmodified operating systems. Eternal handles the difficult issues of object replication, fault tolerance, live upgrades and resource management, thereby allowing the application programmers to focus on the applications.
{"title":"The Eternal system: an architecture for enterprise applications","authors":"L. Moser, P. Melliar-Smith, P. Narasimhan, L. A. Tewksbury, V. Kalogeraki","doi":"10.1109/EDOC.1999.792065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOC.1999.792065","url":null,"abstract":"The Eternal system supports networked enterprise applications that must operate continuously 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. Based on the CORBA standard, Eternal provides object replication not only for fault tolerance but also for live software upgrades, as well as resource management facilities. Through the use of interceptors, Eternal renders the object replication transparent to the application, as well as to the ORB and to the operating system. Thus, Eternal works with commercial off-the-shelf CORBA ORBs and standard unmodified operating systems. Eternal handles the difficult issues of object replication, fault tolerance, live upgrades and resource management, thereby allowing the application programmers to focus on the applications.","PeriodicalId":365462,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Third International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing. Conference (Cat. No.99EX366)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127365702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/EDOC.1999.792067
T. Senivongse
Type compatibility is an important issue in the area of service type evolution as it is desirable for a new-version service to still be compatible with its old version in order that existing clients of the old service are affected by the change as little as possible. The paper introduces a new type relationship called an equivalence relationship which concerns functionality compatibility rather than interface signature compatibility when determining substitutability between two service versions. To support this kind of relationship, parts of the CORBA invocation model will be extended to allow information of equivalent service versions to be discovered at run time from the augmented CORBA Interface Repository. A client request to an old service will then be dynamically and transparently composed as a new-version invocation to a new-version service. The proposed extensions will be useful to provide compatibility not only between versions of the same service but also between two distinct services that have equivalent functionality.
{"title":"An approach to making CORBA support equivalence relationships","authors":"T. Senivongse","doi":"10.1109/EDOC.1999.792067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOC.1999.792067","url":null,"abstract":"Type compatibility is an important issue in the area of service type evolution as it is desirable for a new-version service to still be compatible with its old version in order that existing clients of the old service are affected by the change as little as possible. The paper introduces a new type relationship called an equivalence relationship which concerns functionality compatibility rather than interface signature compatibility when determining substitutability between two service versions. To support this kind of relationship, parts of the CORBA invocation model will be extended to allow information of equivalent service versions to be discovered at run time from the augmented CORBA Interface Repository. A client request to an old service will then be dynamically and transparently composed as a new-version invocation to a new-version service. The proposed extensions will be useful to provide compatibility not only between versions of the same service but also between two distinct services that have equivalent functionality.","PeriodicalId":365462,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Third International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing. Conference (Cat. No.99EX366)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114086592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/EDOC.1999.792069
J. Orvalho, Luis Figueiredo, F. Boavida
The article proposes and evaluates some extensions to the CORBA event service, based on the use of the light-weight reliable multicast protocol (LRMP). These extensions address some limitations of the CORBA Event Service, namely multicasting, reliability and total ordering. The extensions were developed and tested in a prototype environment created for this purpose, and are transparent and fully compatible with the standard OMG event service, enabling the user to decide on the use of standard IIOP or IP multicasting.
{"title":"Evaluating light-weight reliable multicast protocol extensions to the CORBA event service","authors":"J. Orvalho, Luis Figueiredo, F. Boavida","doi":"10.1109/EDOC.1999.792069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOC.1999.792069","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes and evaluates some extensions to the CORBA event service, based on the use of the light-weight reliable multicast protocol (LRMP). These extensions address some limitations of the CORBA Event Service, namely multicasting, reliability and total ordering. The extensions were developed and tested in a prototype environment created for this purpose, and are transparent and fully compatible with the standard OMG event service, enabling the user to decide on the use of standard IIOP or IP multicasting.","PeriodicalId":365462,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Third International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing. Conference (Cat. No.99EX366)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133265530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/EDOC.1999.792045
E. Persson
Business objects have become an important topic of the discourse on enterprise distributed object computing, but what is a business object, apart from a flabbergasting, seemingly oxymoronic juxtaposition of vocables from two spheres that are poles part, viz. that of management fads and that of software development? From a comprehensive study of the literature on the subject, we distinguish seven reasonably distinct strands of usage of the concept and also cast a glance at a number of closely related terms. Contemplating our terminological findings, we then try to reach out for the true essence of business objects, but fail insofar as we arrive at two separate, although interrelated essences. Of these two, which we thereinafter refer to as business objects in the core sense and business objects in the extended sense, we find the latter more interesting, for a number of reasons. Scavenging further for their quiddity, we contrast business objects in the extended sense with various concepts that, prima facie, seem related, such as components, ensembles, agents, actors and objects. Finally, we take advantage of a scheme suggested by B. Cox (1990, 1991) to synthesise our results into a layered model of software and to adumbrate why we believe that business objects in the extended sense will form the underpinnings of a new era of realistic computing.
{"title":"Shibboleth of many meanings. An essay on the ontology of business objects","authors":"E. Persson","doi":"10.1109/EDOC.1999.792045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOC.1999.792045","url":null,"abstract":"Business objects have become an important topic of the discourse on enterprise distributed object computing, but what is a business object, apart from a flabbergasting, seemingly oxymoronic juxtaposition of vocables from two spheres that are poles part, viz. that of management fads and that of software development? From a comprehensive study of the literature on the subject, we distinguish seven reasonably distinct strands of usage of the concept and also cast a glance at a number of closely related terms. Contemplating our terminological findings, we then try to reach out for the true essence of business objects, but fail insofar as we arrive at two separate, although interrelated essences. Of these two, which we thereinafter refer to as business objects in the core sense and business objects in the extended sense, we find the latter more interesting, for a number of reasons. Scavenging further for their quiddity, we contrast business objects in the extended sense with various concepts that, prima facie, seem related, such as components, ensembles, agents, actors and objects. Finally, we take advantage of a scheme suggested by B. Cox (1990, 1991) to synthesise our results into a layered model of software and to adumbrate why we believe that business objects in the extended sense will form the underpinnings of a new era of realistic computing.","PeriodicalId":365462,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Third International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing. Conference (Cat. No.99EX366)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124245802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/EDOC.1999.792053
Michael Langer, Michael Nerb
Customer service management (CSM) offers a management interface between customers and a service provider, which enables the customers to individually monitor and control their subscribed service. Introducing CSM in the service provider's environment includes communicating and interacting with its service management. Considering the complexity of service management, the goal of this paper is to logically separate CSM and service management, from an enterprise point of view, by identifying specific CSM roles which describe the functions of service management that are relevant for CSM. By using the concepts of roles and associations, we abstract from the details of the underlying service management and identify the requirements that have to be met by the service management. The specific CSM roles and associations are formalized using the terms and concepts of the ODP (open distributed processing) enterprise viewpoint specification in order to ensure that the resulting specification can be applied to a wide range of scenarios. The instantiation of the proposed approach within a real-life scenario shows the applicability and the benefits of our approach.
{"title":"An ODP enterprise specification of customer service management for connectivity services","authors":"Michael Langer, Michael Nerb","doi":"10.1109/EDOC.1999.792053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOC.1999.792053","url":null,"abstract":"Customer service management (CSM) offers a management interface between customers and a service provider, which enables the customers to individually monitor and control their subscribed service. Introducing CSM in the service provider's environment includes communicating and interacting with its service management. Considering the complexity of service management, the goal of this paper is to logically separate CSM and service management, from an enterprise point of view, by identifying specific CSM roles which describe the functions of service management that are relevant for CSM. By using the concepts of roles and associations, we abstract from the details of the underlying service management and identify the requirements that have to be met by the service management. The specific CSM roles and associations are formalized using the terms and concepts of the ODP (open distributed processing) enterprise viewpoint specification in order to ensure that the resulting specification can be applied to a wide range of scenarios. The instantiation of the proposed approach within a real-life scenario shows the applicability and the benefits of our approach.","PeriodicalId":365462,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Third International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing. Conference (Cat. No.99EX366)","volume":"24 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113976489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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