Pub Date : 1964-03-01DOI: 10.1097/00043764-196403000-00030
V. Brown, J. Robinson, D. E. Stevenson
{"title":"A NOTE ON THE TOXICITY AND SOLVENT PROPERTIES OF DIMETHYL SULPHOXIDE.","authors":"V. Brown, J. Robinson, D. E. Stevenson","doi":"10.1097/00043764-196403000-00030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-196403000-00030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117144481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1964-02-01DOI: 10.1097/00132586-196402000-00004
R. Whittaker
Experiments are described using the rat isolated phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation, in which suxamethonium produced a neuromuscular block consisting of an initial phase of fairly sharp onset followed by a prolonged phase, which first remained at a steady level and then slowly decreased in intensity over several hours. Suxamethonium block is antagonised by potassium and intensified by tubocurarine in both phases. It would therefore appear that the depolarising action of suxamethonium is complicated by some measure of competitive inhibition in the isolated nerve-muscle preparation as in the intact animal.
{"title":"The neuromuscular blocking action of suxamethonium on the rat diaphragm.","authors":"R. Whittaker","doi":"10.1097/00132586-196402000-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00132586-196402000-00004","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments are described using the rat isolated phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation, in which suxamethonium produced a neuromuscular block consisting of an initial phase of fairly sharp onset followed by a prolonged phase, which first remained at a steady level and then slowly decreased in intensity over several hours. Suxamethonium block is antagonised by potassium and intensified by tubocurarine in both phases. It would therefore appear that the depolarising action of suxamethonium is complicated by some measure of competitive inhibition in the isolated nerve-muscle preparation as in the intact animal.","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131334874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1956-04-01DOI: 10.1615/atoz.i.infra-red_spectroscopy
T. Canback
{"title":"Infra-red spectroscopy.","authors":"T. Canback","doi":"10.1615/atoz.i.infra-red_spectroscopy","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/atoz.i.infra-red_spectroscopy","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121852798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1955-06-01DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV.PP.06.060155.002141
K. Mothes
{"title":"Physiology of alkaloids.","authors":"K. Mothes","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV.PP.06.060155.002141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV.PP.06.060155.002141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1955-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114785713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1002/9781119548935.ch49
J. Scales
{"title":"Wound healing and dressings.","authors":"J. Scales","doi":"10.1002/9781119548935.ch49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119548935.ch49","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":"286 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126853842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Klein, M. Wempe, T. Zoeller, N. Buchanan, J. L. Lambert, Michael G. Ramsey, K. Edgar, C. Buchanan
OBJECTIVES Glyburide, an important drug for type 2 diabetes, has extremely poor aqueous solubility and resulting low bioavailability. This study describes the ability of hydroxybutenyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HBenBCD) to form complexes with glyburide, with enhanced solubility and dissolution rate in vitro. METHOD Glyburide and glyburide-HBenBCD were evaluated in various test media known to simulate human gastrointestinal conditions in the fasted and fed states, respectively. KEY FINDINGS At approximately 14 wt% drug load, in the presence of HBenBCD, an almost 400-fold increase in glyburide aqueous solubility was observed. In the presence of HBenBCD, glyburide solubility was also significantly improved in all physiologically relevant test media. Subsequent dissolution experiments confirmed the solubility study results; the dissolution rate and total amount of drug released were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS Complexation with HBenBCD may be an effective way to increase the bioavailability of glyburide.
{"title":"Improving glyburide solubility and dissolution by complexation with hydroxybutenyl-beta-cyclodextrin.","authors":"S. Klein, M. Wempe, T. Zoeller, N. Buchanan, J. L. Lambert, Michael G. Ramsey, K. Edgar, C. Buchanan","doi":"10.1211/jpp/61.01.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp/61.01.0004","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES\u0000Glyburide, an important drug for type 2 diabetes, has extremely poor aqueous solubility and resulting low bioavailability. This study describes the ability of hydroxybutenyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HBenBCD) to form complexes with glyburide, with enhanced solubility and dissolution rate in vitro.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000Glyburide and glyburide-HBenBCD were evaluated in various test media known to simulate human gastrointestinal conditions in the fasted and fed states, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000KEY FINDINGS\u0000At approximately 14 wt% drug load, in the presence of HBenBCD, an almost 400-fold increase in glyburide aqueous solubility was observed. In the presence of HBenBCD, glyburide solubility was also significantly improved in all physiologically relevant test media. Subsequent dissolution experiments confirmed the solubility study results; the dissolution rate and total amount of drug released were significantly increased.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Complexation with HBenBCD may be an effective way to increase the bioavailability of glyburide.","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128963994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVES Synthetic and cell-based membranes are frequently used during drug formulation development for the assessment of drug availability. However, most of the currently used membranes do not mimic mucosal membranes well, especially the aqueous mucous layer of the membranes. In this study we evaluated catfish (Anarichas lupus L) skin as a model membrane. METHOD Permeation of hydrocortisone, lidocaine hydrochloride, benzocaine, diethylstilbestrol, naproxen, picric acid and sodium nitrate through skin from a freshly caught catfish was determined in Franz diffusion cells. KEY FINDINGS Both lipophilic and hydrophilic molecules permeate through catfish skin via hydrated channels or aqueous pores. No correlation was observed between the octanol/water partition coefficient of the permeating molecules and their permeability coefficient through the skin. Permeation through catfish skin was found to be diffusion controlled. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that permeation through the fish skin proceeds via a diffusion-controlled process, a process that is similar to drug permeation through the aqueous mucous layer of a mucosal membrane. In addition, the fish skin, with its collagen matrix structure, appears to possess similar properties to the eye sclera.
{"title":"Fish skin as a model membrane: structure and characteristics.","authors":"Fífa Konrádsdóttir, T. Loftsson, S. Sigfússon","doi":"10.1211/jpp/61.01.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp/61.01.0017","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES\u0000Synthetic and cell-based membranes are frequently used during drug formulation development for the assessment of drug availability. However, most of the currently used membranes do not mimic mucosal membranes well, especially the aqueous mucous layer of the membranes. In this study we evaluated catfish (Anarichas lupus L) skin as a model membrane.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000Permeation of hydrocortisone, lidocaine hydrochloride, benzocaine, diethylstilbestrol, naproxen, picric acid and sodium nitrate through skin from a freshly caught catfish was determined in Franz diffusion cells.\u0000\u0000\u0000KEY FINDINGS\u0000Both lipophilic and hydrophilic molecules permeate through catfish skin via hydrated channels or aqueous pores. No correlation was observed between the octanol/water partition coefficient of the permeating molecules and their permeability coefficient through the skin. Permeation through catfish skin was found to be diffusion controlled.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The results suggest that permeation through the fish skin proceeds via a diffusion-controlled process, a process that is similar to drug permeation through the aqueous mucous layer of a mucosal membrane. In addition, the fish skin, with its collagen matrix structure, appears to possess similar properties to the eye sclera.","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126861138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Matsui, C. Ito, M. Itoigawa, T. Okada, H. Furukawa
OBJECTIVES Flavonoids inhibit the activity of chemical mediators released from mast cells. Our aim was to investigate the effects of natsudaidain, a polymethoxyflavone isolated from Citrus plants, on mast cells. METHODS We investigated the inhibitory effects of natsudaidain, which is a polymethoxyflavone isolated from Citrus plants, on histamine release, tumour necrosis factor-alpha production and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in Ca ionophore-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia cells (A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells) by spectrofluorometric, ELISA and immunoblotting methods. KEY FINDINGS The percent of histamine release from A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells pretreated with natsudaidain at 5, 25 and 50 microM was not changed as compared with non-treated A23187-stimulated cells. At 100 and 200 microM, natsudaidain pretreatment resulted in slightly reduced histamine release (% histamine release, 89.8+/-3.5% and 71.5+/-5.6% at 100 and 200 microM). Thus, natsudaidain hardly affects histamine release from RBL-2H3 cells, except at high concentrations. On the other hand, natsudaidain dose-dependently inhibited tumour necrosis factor-alpha protein and mRNA levels in A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells; a concentration of 6.8 microM was required for a 50% reduction. In addition, all concentrations of this compound that we tested also inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression. The mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2 in A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells treated with natsudaidain were also markedly decreased. The phosphorylated-p38 MAPK protein levels in A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells treated with natsudaidain were lower than in the non-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that natsudaidain inhibits tumour necrosis factor-alpha and cyclooxygenase-2 production by suppressing p38 MAPK phosphorylation but not p65 NFkappaB phosphorylation, and that natsudaidain might alleviate inflammatory diseases.
{"title":"Effect of natsudaidain isolated from Citrus plants on TNF-alpha and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in RBL-2H3 cells.","authors":"T. Matsui, C. Ito, M. Itoigawa, T. Okada, H. Furukawa","doi":"10.1211/jpp/61.01.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp/61.01.0015","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES\u0000Flavonoids inhibit the activity of chemical mediators released from mast cells. Our aim was to investigate the effects of natsudaidain, a polymethoxyflavone isolated from Citrus plants, on mast cells.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We investigated the inhibitory effects of natsudaidain, which is a polymethoxyflavone isolated from Citrus plants, on histamine release, tumour necrosis factor-alpha production and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in Ca ionophore-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia cells (A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells) by spectrofluorometric, ELISA and immunoblotting methods.\u0000\u0000\u0000KEY FINDINGS\u0000The percent of histamine release from A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells pretreated with natsudaidain at 5, 25 and 50 microM was not changed as compared with non-treated A23187-stimulated cells. At 100 and 200 microM, natsudaidain pretreatment resulted in slightly reduced histamine release (% histamine release, 89.8+/-3.5% and 71.5+/-5.6% at 100 and 200 microM). Thus, natsudaidain hardly affects histamine release from RBL-2H3 cells, except at high concentrations. On the other hand, natsudaidain dose-dependently inhibited tumour necrosis factor-alpha protein and mRNA levels in A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells; a concentration of 6.8 microM was required for a 50% reduction. In addition, all concentrations of this compound that we tested also inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression. The mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2 in A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells treated with natsudaidain were also markedly decreased. The phosphorylated-p38 MAPK protein levels in A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells treated with natsudaidain were lower than in the non-treated cells.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000These findings suggest that natsudaidain inhibits tumour necrosis factor-alpha and cyclooxygenase-2 production by suppressing p38 MAPK phosphorylation but not p65 NFkappaB phosphorylation, and that natsudaidain might alleviate inflammatory diseases.","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124885693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.12-1149
C. O. Bjorling, A. Berggren, B. Willman-Johnson
{"title":"Determination of barbituric acid derivatives as mercury complexes.","authors":"C. O. Bjorling, A. Berggren, B. Willman-Johnson","doi":"10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.12-1149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.12-1149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114274926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-023768-8.50918-X
A. Misra, R. Pontani
{"title":"An improved long-acting delivery system for narcotic antagonists.","authors":"A. Misra, R. Pontani","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-023768-8.50918-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-023768-8.50918-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366080,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130938995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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