Pub Date : 2021-11-04DOI: 10.31220/agrirxiv.2021.00094
G. Pandey, Arpan Modi, Shikha Shah, G. Patil, Subhash Narayanan
Abstract Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is an expensive wood that requires reproducible method for mass propagation to ensure consistent production and sustainable use of sandalwood. For mass propagation of sandalwood, plant organogenesis requires different combinations of the tissue culture medium. The media is composed of exogenous phytohormones which decides the explant's morphological stages such as shooting or rooting induction. Early prediction of morphological stage from explant can potentially help in selecting the exogenous phytohormones combinations thereby saving time and resources for mass sandalwood propogation. An efficient protocol for the direct and indirect organogenesis (up to shooting development phase) of sandalwood were developed using Woody Plant Media (WPM). WPM supplemented with various concentrations of 6-Bezylaminopurine (BAP) and 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were tested for direct organogenesis, while different treatments consisting of various levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), NAA, BAP, Adenine sulphate (ADS), glycine and potassium nitrate were tested for indirect organogenesis. Three stages of leaf development were selected viz., the leaf just after inoculation in WPM media, initial stage of callus formation from leaf and shoot formation for expression pattern analysis. The targeted genes were Alternative oxidase (ao), Late embryogenesis abundant (lea), Cytochrome P450 (cyt-p450), ABC transporter (abct), and Serine-threonine phosphatase (stp) which are associated with in vitro organogenesis. The expression patterns were evaluated to identify a transcription marker. During the initial stages of organogenesis, ao, cyt-p450 and abct showed no/little change in expression in the direct pathway but up-regulation of ao and abct and downregulation of cyt-p450 were observed in the indirect pathway. Expression of lea was increased up to 70-fold during direct and dropped to half during indirect organogenesis.
摘要印度檀香(Santalum album L.)是一种昂贵的木材，需要可复制的方法进行大量繁殖，以确保檀香的一致生产和可持续利用。对于檀香的大量繁殖，植物的器官发生需要不同的组织培养基组合。培养基由外源植物激素组成，外源激素决定外植体的形态阶段，如发芽或生根诱导。对外植体形态阶段进行早期预测，有助于选择外源激素组合，从而为大批量繁殖节省时间和资源。利用木本植物培养基(WPM)研究了檀香直接和间接器官发生(直至枝条发育阶段)的有效方法。以添加不同浓度6-苄基氨基嘌呤(BAP)和1-萘乙酸(NAA)的WPM为直接器官发生试验，以添加不同浓度2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4- d)、NAA、BAP、硫酸腺嘌呤(ADS)、甘氨酸和硝酸钾为间接器官发生试验。选取接种WPM培养基后的叶片、叶片愈伤组织形成初期和新梢形成3个叶片发育阶段进行表达谱分析。靶基因为与体外器官发生相关的选择性氧化酶(ao)、晚期胚胎发生丰度(lea)、细胞色素P450 (cyt-p450)、ABC转运蛋白(abct)和丝氨酸-苏氨酸磷酸酶(stp)。评估表达模式以确定转录标记。在器官发生初期，直接通路中ao、cyt-p450和abct的表达没有变化或变化不大，而间接通路中ao和abct的表达上调，而cyt-p450的表达下调。lea的表达在直接器官发生时增加了70倍，在间接器官发生时减少了一半。
{"title":"Expression pattern of in vitro organogenesis-associated genes as transcriptional marker in Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album L.).","authors":"G. Pandey, Arpan Modi, Shikha Shah, G. Patil, Subhash Narayanan","doi":"10.31220/agrirxiv.2021.00094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2021.00094","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is an expensive wood that requires reproducible method for mass propagation to ensure consistent production and sustainable use of sandalwood. For mass propagation of sandalwood, plant organogenesis requires different combinations of the tissue culture medium. The media is composed of exogenous phytohormones which decides the explant's morphological stages such as shooting or rooting induction. Early prediction of morphological stage from explant can potentially help in selecting the exogenous phytohormones combinations thereby saving time and resources for mass sandalwood propogation. An efficient protocol for the direct and indirect organogenesis (up to shooting development phase) of sandalwood were developed using Woody Plant Media (WPM). WPM supplemented with various concentrations of 6-Bezylaminopurine (BAP) and 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were tested for direct organogenesis, while different treatments consisting of various levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), NAA, BAP, Adenine sulphate (ADS), glycine and potassium nitrate were tested for indirect organogenesis. Three stages of leaf development were selected viz., the leaf just after inoculation in WPM media, initial stage of callus formation from leaf and shoot formation for expression pattern analysis. The targeted genes were Alternative oxidase (ao), Late embryogenesis abundant (lea), Cytochrome P450 (cyt-p450), ABC transporter (abct), and Serine-threonine phosphatase (stp) which are associated with in vitro organogenesis. The expression patterns were evaluated to identify a transcription marker. During the initial stages of organogenesis, ao, cyt-p450 and abct showed no/little change in expression in the direct pathway but up-regulation of ao and abct and downregulation of cyt-p450 were observed in the indirect pathway. Expression of lea was increased up to 70-fold during direct and dropped to half during indirect organogenesis.","PeriodicalId":366472,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"50 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114021605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study was to analyze the formal and informal potato seed supply system in Rwanda and their interactions (year 2016). Three instruments were applied during this research: formal and informal interviews and expert interviews. In order to supply Rwandan farmers with high quality seed, the formal and informal systems must be complementary and mutually dependent. It is suggested that the certified seed production must be combined with the development of strong and targeted linkages along with the informal seed sector. At the same time, the strengthening of the informal seed system must be improved to increase the seed quality produced by farmers. The promotion of the integratedparticipative approaches in breeding, seed production and distribution would help improve the complementary between the two systems. By doing this, the actual quantity of certified seed could have a major impact on the overall seed supply and increase the seed quantity in the country.
{"title":"Formal or Informal? Analysis of the Potato Seed System in Rwanda","authors":"L. Ferrari, I. Fromm, U. Scheidegger, A. Muhire","doi":"10.23880/OAJAR-16000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/OAJAR-16000206","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to analyze the formal and informal potato seed supply system in Rwanda and their interactions (year 2016). Three instruments were applied during this research: formal and informal interviews and expert interviews. In order to supply Rwandan farmers with high quality seed, the formal and informal systems must be complementary and mutually dependent. It is suggested that the certified seed production must be combined with the development of strong and targeted linkages along with the informal seed sector. At the same time, the strengthening of the informal seed system must be improved to increase the seed quality produced by farmers. The promotion of the integratedparticipative approaches in breeding, seed production and distribution would help improve the complementary between the two systems. By doing this, the actual quantity of certified seed could have a major impact on the overall seed supply and increase the seed quantity in the country.","PeriodicalId":366472,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117300793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, a polyphagous fungus, is a major disease on rice and causes up to 50% yield losses. Genetic enhancement of host plant disease resistance is an attractive solution to address diseases like sheath blight. The major problem associated with enhancement of host (rice) resistance to sheath blight through conventional approaches is the lack of resistant donors in the rice gene pool and only moderate levels of resistance is available. In this study, an attempt was made to enhance host plant resistance through incorporation of a chitinase gene employing biolistic approach. The incorporation of the transgene was confirmed through molecular analyses like PCR and Southern assays. The results of the bioassay studies against the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani did indicate higher levels of resistance moreover the inheritance pattern of the transgene was Mendelian. The transgenics generated did show high promise and can provide a practical solution to tackle sheath blight, a major disease on rice.
{"title":"Enhancement of Tolerance to Sheath Blight in Indica Rice through Incorporation of Chitinase Genes","authors":"Sai Krishna R","doi":"10.23880/oajar-16000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000221","url":null,"abstract":"Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, a polyphagous fungus, is a major disease on rice and causes up to 50% yield losses. Genetic enhancement of host plant disease resistance is an attractive solution to address diseases like sheath blight. The major problem associated with enhancement of host (rice) resistance to sheath blight through conventional approaches is the lack of resistant donors in the rice gene pool and only moderate levels of resistance is available. In this study, an attempt was made to enhance host plant resistance through incorporation of a chitinase gene employing biolistic approach. The incorporation of the transgene was confirmed through molecular analyses like PCR and Southern assays. The results of the bioassay studies against the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani did indicate higher levels of resistance moreover the inheritance pattern of the transgene was Mendelian. The transgenics generated did show high promise and can provide a practical solution to tackle sheath blight, a major disease on rice.","PeriodicalId":366472,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115082249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study broadly explored the relationship between urban population growth and ruminant livestock production systems in Nigeria. It utilized aggregate time series data from World Development Indicators and FAOSTAT over a period of 53 years. Data collected were analysed with descriptive methods and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method. The three FMOLS models used were cointegrated. Growths in urban population, temperature change, per capita income in relationship with historical outputs of meat from cattle, sheep and goat were on the ascent right from 1961 to 2013. A major descent was observed in 1986 when the Structural Adjustment Programme was embarked upon in Nigeria. It was found that urban population, total population and per capita income significantly determined the long run output levels of meat from cattle production systems in Nigeria. Urban population significantly influenced the variability of meat production from sheep. The goat meat output were determined by urban population, total population and per capita income. Conclusively, the growing relationship between urbanization and livestock production could exacerbate land scarcity and fuel land intensification especially for livestock production in urban fringes. The need for guided, sustainable land intensification in livestock production is therefore recommended at peri-urban areas of Nigerian cities. Herdsmen and ranchers should be provided with farm credits to boost their productive capacities and meet the food security needs of the growing urban population in Nigeria. More engagement of organized private sector in livestock value chain should be promoted.
{"title":"Urban Population Growth and Per Capita Income's Effect on Nigerian Ruminant Livestock Production System","authors":"A. Onoja","doi":"10.23880/oajar-16000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000298","url":null,"abstract":"The study broadly explored the relationship between urban population growth and ruminant livestock production systems in Nigeria. It utilized aggregate time series data from World Development Indicators and FAOSTAT over a period of 53 years. Data collected were analysed with descriptive methods and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method. The three FMOLS models used were cointegrated. Growths in urban population, temperature change, per capita income in relationship with historical outputs of meat from cattle, sheep and goat were on the ascent right from 1961 to 2013. A major descent was observed in 1986 when the Structural Adjustment Programme was embarked upon in Nigeria. It was found that urban population, total population and per capita income significantly determined the long run output levels of meat from cattle production systems in Nigeria. Urban population significantly influenced the variability of meat production from sheep. The goat meat output were determined by urban population, total population and per capita income. Conclusively, the growing relationship between urbanization and livestock production could exacerbate land scarcity and fuel land intensification especially for livestock production in urban fringes. The need for guided, sustainable land intensification in livestock production is therefore recommended at peri-urban areas of Nigerian cities. Herdsmen and ranchers should be provided with farm credits to boost their productive capacities and meet the food security needs of the growing urban population in Nigeria. More engagement of organized private sector in livestock value chain should be promoted.","PeriodicalId":366472,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"435 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115578376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biodegradation of agricultural wastes that constitute major source of environmental hazards and pollution by Pleurotus ostreatus is of importance in bioremediation of plant organic residues. Different agro-wastes; saw dust (SD), sugarcane baggasse (SB) and maize stalk (MS) and in combination (SD+MS, SD+SB, SB+MS, SD+MS+SB), were used to investigate the polysaccharide degrading potentials of P. ostreatus at the Department of Plant Health Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State. The fungus significantly (P<0.05) degraded the hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin contents of the substrates though to varying degrees. The loss of polysaccharide content of the test substrates due to the fungus ranged as follows; hemicelluloses, from 20.64% with MS substrate to 48.92% with SB substrate; cellulose from 24.06% with SD substrate to 41.92% with SB substrate and lignin content from 4.01 % with MS substrate to 27.45% with SD substrate. The average delignification of the substrate polysaccharides by P. ostreatus was highest with SB substrate (37.86%), followed by SD+SB substrate (31.76%) and SD substrate (27.56%). This not only showed the ability of P. ostreatus to degrade agricultural wastes efficiently and grow at a wide range of substrates but also a potent organism capable of biodegrading and detoxifying a wide range of wastes and pollutants.
平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)对构成环境危害和污染的主要来源的农业废弃物进行生物降解是植物有机残留物生物修复的重要内容。不同的agro-wastes;利用锯末(SD)、蔗渣(SB)和玉米秸秆(MS)及其组合(SD+MS、SD+SB、SB+MS、SD+MS+SB)，研究了阿比亚州Umudike, Umuahia, Michael Okpara农业大学植物健康管理学系对P. ostreatus多糖的降解潜力。真菌对底物的半纤维素、纤维素和木质素含量均有不同程度的显著降解(P<0.05)。受真菌影响，试验基质中多糖含量的损失如下:半纤维素，从MS底物的20.64%到SB底物的48.92%;纤维素含量从SD底物的24.06%提高到SB底物的41.92%，木质素含量从MS底物的4.01%提高到SD底物的27.45%。对底物多糖的平均脱木质素作用以SB底物最高(37.86%)，其次是SD+SB底物(31.76%)和SD底物(27.56%)。这不仅表明了P. ostreatus能够有效地降解农业废弃物和在广泛的基质上生长的能力，而且表明了P. ostreatus是一种能够生物降解和解毒各种废弃物和污染物的强大生物。
{"title":"Bioremidiation Potential of Pleurotus Ostreatus (Jacquin; Fries) P. Kummer: A Case of Agro-Wastes in Umudike Abia State","authors":"A. Amadioha","doi":"10.23880/oajar-16000278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000278","url":null,"abstract":"Biodegradation of agricultural wastes that constitute major source of environmental hazards and pollution by Pleurotus ostreatus is of importance in bioremediation of plant organic residues. Different agro-wastes; saw dust (SD), sugarcane baggasse (SB) and maize stalk (MS) and in combination (SD+MS, SD+SB, SB+MS, SD+MS+SB), were used to investigate the polysaccharide degrading potentials of P. ostreatus at the Department of Plant Health Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State. The fungus significantly (P<0.05) degraded the hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin contents of the substrates though to varying degrees. The loss of polysaccharide content of the test substrates due to the fungus ranged as follows; hemicelluloses, from 20.64% with MS substrate to 48.92% with SB substrate; cellulose from 24.06% with SD substrate to 41.92% with SB substrate and lignin content from 4.01 % with MS substrate to 27.45% with SD substrate. The average delignification of the substrate polysaccharides by P. ostreatus was highest with SB substrate (37.86%), followed by SD+SB substrate (31.76%) and SD substrate (27.56%). This not only showed the ability of P. ostreatus to degrade agricultural wastes efficiently and grow at a wide range of substrates but also a potent organism capable of biodegrading and detoxifying a wide range of wastes and pollutants.","PeriodicalId":366472,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122296666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The only people close to the farmers are the extension workers, and to function well, they need the right information, good health and sound mind all the time. However, the sources of information on covid 19 available to them is unknown, hence this study. The study seeks to identify covid 19 information sources of extension workers, examine their protective behaviors, and describe counseling practices they adopt to reach farmers. A total of 120 extension staff purposively chosen from Imo ADP was used to elicit information for the study using questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results revealed that the extension staff get information from a variety of ways, such as health organizations (72.5%), healthcare professionals (74.2%), ministries of Health and Agriculture (79.2%). They practice social distancing (83.3%), wearing of face masks (70.5%), avoid contact with eyes, nose and mouth (68.3%), promote hand washing (70.5%), avoid public gathering and many more. In counseling the farmers, the educate them regularly (85%), training of farmers (78.3%) and many more. It is worthy of commendation that since life has no duplicate, the extension staff are doing great job by adhering to covid 19 protocols and should be praised for service to humanity.
{"title":"Frontline Extension Workers’ Information Use, Protective Behaviors and Counseling Practices During Covid -19 Pandemic in Imo State, Nigeria","authors":"Ajaero Jo","doi":"10.23880/oajar-16000268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000268","url":null,"abstract":"The only people close to the farmers are the extension workers, and to function well, they need the right information, good health and sound mind all the time. However, the sources of information on covid 19 available to them is unknown, hence this study. The study seeks to identify covid 19 information sources of extension workers, examine their protective behaviors, and describe counseling practices they adopt to reach farmers. A total of 120 extension staff purposively chosen from Imo ADP was used to elicit information for the study using questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results revealed that the extension staff get information from a variety of ways, such as health organizations (72.5%), healthcare professionals (74.2%), ministries of Health and Agriculture (79.2%). They practice social distancing (83.3%), wearing of face masks (70.5%), avoid contact with eyes, nose and mouth (68.3%), promote hand washing (70.5%), avoid public gathering and many more. In counseling the farmers, the educate them regularly (85%), training of farmers (78.3%) and many more. It is worthy of commendation that since life has no duplicate, the extension staff are doing great job by adhering to covid 19 protocols and should be praised for service to humanity.","PeriodicalId":366472,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114293537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigated the short term effects of organomineral and inorganic fertilizers on the physicochemical properties of an Ultisol. The experimental site is a maize plantation of the Teaching and Research Farm, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife, Nigeria that received mineral fertilizers applied as 400 kg NPK ha-1, 1300 kg Urea ha-1 and 680 kg SSP ha-1 and organomineral fertilizer applied as 1700 kg OF ha-1 arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with five replicates. Surface soil was sampled from 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm soil depth for laboratory analyses and selected soil properties were determined while the hydraulic conductivity and the soil strength were determined in-situ. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance; Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test was used to separate significant means at p < 0.05. The results indicated high significant difference for organomineral fertilizer treatment on the bulk density at the topsoil. Organomineral fertilizer also had significant effect on soil hydraulic conductivity at the topsoil (2.2 x 10-7) compared with control plot. Combined application of organomineral fertilizer and urea significantly increased the nitrogen content of the topsoil. It was concluded that the Organomineral fertilizer improved the fertility status and hydraulic property of the soil
研究了有机肥和无机肥对Ultisol理化性质的短期影响。试验场地为尼日利亚Ile - Ife Obafemi Awolowo大学教研农场的一处玉米种植区，采用随机完全区组设计，施用无机肥料400 kg NPK hm -1、1300 kg尿素hm -1和680 kg SSP hm -1，有机肥料1700 kg ha-1。表层土壤从0-15 cm和15-30 cm土壤深度取样进行实验室分析，并确定了选定的土壤特性，同时现场测定了水力导电性和土壤强度。获得的数据进行方差分析;采用Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test分离显著性均数，p < 0.05。结果表明，有机肥处理对表层土壤容重有显著性差异。与对照区相比，有机肥对表层土壤的导电性也有显著影响(2.2 × 10-7)。有机肥与尿素配施显著提高了表层土壤氮含量。综上所述，有机肥改善了土壤的肥力状况和水力学性质
{"title":"Changes in the Physical and Chemical Properties of an Ultisol in Response to Short Term Fertilizer Management","authors":"I. Egbebi","doi":"10.23880/oajar-16000240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000240","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the short term effects of organomineral and inorganic fertilizers on the physicochemical properties of an Ultisol. The experimental site is a maize plantation of the Teaching and Research Farm, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife, Nigeria that received mineral fertilizers applied as 400 kg NPK ha-1, 1300 kg Urea ha-1 and 680 kg SSP ha-1 and organomineral fertilizer applied as 1700 kg OF ha-1 arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with five replicates. Surface soil was sampled from 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm soil depth for laboratory analyses and selected soil properties were determined while the hydraulic conductivity and the soil strength were determined in-situ. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance; Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test was used to separate significant means at p < 0.05. The results indicated high significant difference for organomineral fertilizer treatment on the bulk density at the topsoil. Organomineral fertilizer also had significant effect on soil hydraulic conductivity at the topsoil (2.2 x 10-7) compared with control plot. Combined application of organomineral fertilizer and urea significantly increased the nitrogen content of the topsoil. It was concluded that the Organomineral fertilizer improved the fertility status and hydraulic property of the soil","PeriodicalId":366472,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121957369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Sudan, grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), is the most important cereal crop, in terms of total acreage, production and consumption. One hundred and twenty S1 families were taken at random from an advanced random mating Gezira sorghum population (G S P-1) developed and improved for six cycles using S1 family selection, at Rain-fed Crop Research Centre for Arid and Semi-Arid areas (RCRCASA) in the University of Gezira, Wad Medani Sudan. The study was conducted during two seasons (2004-2005) to study genetic variability in the population (GSP-1) at four rain-fed areas in Sudan namely; Gedarif University farm at northern Gedarif environment (2004), Gedarif Research Station at northern Gedarif environment (2005), Rahad Scheme rain-fed at marginal Gedarif environment (2004) and Kasamoor North east Gedarif (2005). The design used was a modified Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications nested within six blocks. Stability was estimated for the 120 families yield (Kgh-1). The combined analysis over environments revealed significant differences between environments, which indicated that four environments are contrasting for evaluating the genotypes. In average over environments the genotypes have shown G×E interaction was not significant for yield, indicating relative ranking of the genotypes remained constant and yield was stable over all environments. The mean was1448Kgh-1. The Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) stability analysis with the first principal components (PCA1) axes for grain yield identified stable families as the families with a lower absolute PCA1 score which were 101, 95, 93, 96, 94, 103, 97, 102, 99, 100, 104, 98 respectively, would produce a lower absolute GE interaction effect and would have a less variable yield across the four Gedarf studied environments. These could provide a good source for sorghum improvement in Gedarif rain-fed area
{"title":"Stability in Advanced Gezira Population of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) at Drought Porne Environments in Sudan","authors":"H. Mohamed","doi":"10.23880/oajar-16000288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000288","url":null,"abstract":"In Sudan, grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), is the most important cereal crop, in terms of total acreage, production and consumption. One hundred and twenty S1 families were taken at random from an advanced random mating Gezira sorghum population (G S P-1) developed and improved for six cycles using S1 family selection, at Rain-fed Crop Research Centre for Arid and Semi-Arid areas (RCRCASA) in the University of Gezira, Wad Medani Sudan. The study was conducted during two seasons (2004-2005) to study genetic variability in the population (GSP-1) at four rain-fed areas in Sudan namely; Gedarif University farm at northern Gedarif environment (2004), Gedarif Research Station at northern Gedarif environment (2005), Rahad Scheme rain-fed at marginal Gedarif environment (2004) and Kasamoor North east Gedarif (2005). The design used was a modified Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications nested within six blocks. Stability was estimated for the 120 families yield (Kgh-1). The combined analysis over environments revealed significant differences between environments, which indicated that four environments are contrasting for evaluating the genotypes. In average over environments the genotypes have shown G×E interaction was not significant for yield, indicating relative ranking of the genotypes remained constant and yield was stable over all environments. The mean was1448Kgh-1. The Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) stability analysis with the first principal components (PCA1) axes for grain yield identified stable families as the families with a lower absolute PCA1 score which were 101, 95, 93, 96, 94, 103, 97, 102, 99, 100, 104, 98 respectively, would produce a lower absolute GE interaction effect and would have a less variable yield across the four Gedarf studied environments. These could provide a good source for sorghum improvement in Gedarif rain-fed area","PeriodicalId":366472,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117240290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Era (E. coli RAS-like protein) forms a unique family of GTPase, its functions in cell cycle control by coupling cell division with growth rate. In the present paper, a cDNA sequence coding GTPase Era mRNA was cloned from mulberry. Sequence analysis showed that its open reading frame (ORF) is 1275 bp in length encoding a protein of 424 amino acids. The GTPase Era gene had era domain and belonged to the FeoB_N superfamily. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences encoded by the GTPase gene from various species showed that the mulberry was closely related to Morus notabilis, Ipomoea nil, Capsicum annuum, Solanum pennellii, Nicotiana sylvestris and Nicotiana tubacum. The expression patterns of GTPase Era treated under drought, low temperature and salt stresses were examined using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The expression level of the mRNA had a significant change under drought, cold and salt stress treatments compared to the normal growth environment with the maximum expression on third day for drought stress, the sixth day for the low temperature stress and the seventh day for the salt stress. These data provide a better understanding of the molecular basis of signal transduction during stress responses in mulberry trees
{"title":"Molecular Cloning and Abiotic Stress Expression Analysis of Gtpase Era Gene in Mulberry (Morus Alba L.)","authors":"Zhao Weiguo","doi":"10.23880/oajar-16000239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000239","url":null,"abstract":"Era (E. coli RAS-like protein) forms a unique family of GTPase, its functions in cell cycle control by coupling cell division with growth rate. In the present paper, a cDNA sequence coding GTPase Era mRNA was cloned from mulberry. Sequence analysis showed that its open reading frame (ORF) is 1275 bp in length encoding a protein of 424 amino acids. The GTPase Era gene had era domain and belonged to the FeoB_N superfamily. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences encoded by the GTPase gene from various species showed that the mulberry was closely related to Morus notabilis, Ipomoea nil, Capsicum annuum, Solanum pennellii, Nicotiana sylvestris and Nicotiana tubacum. The expression patterns of GTPase Era treated under drought, low temperature and salt stresses were examined using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The expression level of the mRNA had a significant change under drought, cold and salt stress treatments compared to the normal growth environment with the maximum expression on third day for drought stress, the sixth day for the low temperature stress and the seventh day for the salt stress. These data provide a better understanding of the molecular basis of signal transduction during stress responses in mulberry trees","PeriodicalId":366472,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129796716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mulberry /Morus sp / is the primary feed plant for Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). The studies were conducted in field and laboratory conditions with the objectives to evaluate the agronomic and their rearing performance of different genotypes of mulberry on silkworms. About 6 genotypes of mulberry namely, Nekemte, Jimma, M-4, K-2, S-13 and Local were evaluated in the field and laboratory. The treatments were arranged with RCBD in the field and CRD for laboratory experiments in three replications. Significant differences were observed in agronomic and rearing performances of genotypes of mulberry. In field, maximum leaf production per plant (371.3 and 373.1 kg/ha), fresh leaf weight (26,503 and 26,333 kg/ha) and dry leaf weight (8027 and 8268 kg/ha) were recorded from S-13 and K-2, respectively. However, minimum leaf weight (9435kg/ha) was recorded from local genotype. In addition, there were significant differences in rearing performances of silkworms fed on different genotypes of mulberry. Among different genotypes, silkworms fed on leaf of S-13 and K-2 gave better results such as cocoon weight (1.11g and 1.03g), pupal weight (0.924g and 0.864g), shell weight (0.187g and 0.168g), silk ratio (16.82% and 16.35%), as compared to other genotypes. In general, S-13 and K-2 showed better results in agronomic performances as well as in rearing performance of silkworms for improving silk production as compared to other genotypes.
{"title":"Performance of Different Mulberry/ Morus Sp/ Genotypes and their Effect on Mulberry Silkworm, Bombyx Mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)","authors":"Metasebia Terefe","doi":"10.23880/oajar-16000210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000210","url":null,"abstract":"Mulberry /Morus sp / is the primary feed plant for Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). The studies were conducted in field and laboratory conditions with the objectives to evaluate the agronomic and their rearing performance of different genotypes of mulberry on silkworms. About 6 genotypes of mulberry namely, Nekemte, Jimma, M-4, K-2, S-13 and Local were evaluated in the field and laboratory. The treatments were arranged with RCBD in the field and CRD for laboratory experiments in three replications. Significant differences were observed in agronomic and rearing performances of genotypes of mulberry. In field, maximum leaf production per plant (371.3 and 373.1 kg/ha), fresh leaf weight (26,503 and 26,333 kg/ha) and dry leaf weight (8027 and 8268 kg/ha) were recorded from S-13 and K-2, respectively. However, minimum leaf weight (9435kg/ha) was recorded from local genotype. In addition, there were significant differences in rearing performances of silkworms fed on different genotypes of mulberry. Among different genotypes, silkworms fed on leaf of S-13 and K-2 gave better results such as cocoon weight (1.11g and 1.03g), pupal weight (0.924g and 0.864g), shell weight (0.187g and 0.168g), silk ratio (16.82% and 16.35%), as compared to other genotypes. In general, S-13 and K-2 showed better results in agronomic performances as well as in rearing performance of silkworms for improving silk production as compared to other genotypes.","PeriodicalId":366472,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114522323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：