Carpellody is a phenomenon that affects hermaphrodite flowers of papaya, and consists in the transformation of the stamens into additional carpels, resulting in ovary malformation that consequently affects fruit shape and diminishes its market value. The objective of this study was to quantify the incidence of flower carpellody in papaya, and the effect of temperature on this phenomenon. An experiment was carried out between October of 2006 and January of 2007 at ”Los Diamantes” Agricultural Experiment Station, located in the province of Limon. Four breeding lines and four experimental hybrids were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The analyzed variables were the carpel number for ovaries of hermaphrodite flowers and the daily temperature during a 60-day period prior to floral anthesis of each evaluated flower. The carpel number of lines and hybrids differed significantly each week (p≤0,03). Line and hybrid averages also differed significantly during the twelve-week period (p<0,0001). The cross between a strong carpellodic line and a stable or a weak female-sterile line resulted in a hybrid that exhibited carpellody, which suggests that carpellody is dominant. The correlation between carpel number and temperature suggests that the amplitude of temperature fluctuations during the day was a determinant factor in the induction of carpellody.
{"title":"Influencia del genotipo y la temperatura sobre la carpelodia en papaya","authors":"Antonio Bogantes Arias, E. Newcomer","doi":"10.15517/MA.V28I3.27892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/MA.V28I3.27892","url":null,"abstract":"Carpellody is a phenomenon that affects hermaphrodite flowers of papaya, and consists in the transformation of the stamens into additional carpels, resulting in ovary malformation that consequently affects fruit shape and diminishes its market value. The objective of this study was to quantify the incidence of flower carpellody in papaya, and the effect of temperature on this phenomenon. An experiment was carried out between October of 2006 and January of 2007 at ”Los Diamantes” Agricultural Experiment Station, located in the province of Limon. Four breeding lines and four experimental hybrids were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The analyzed variables were the carpel number for ovaries of hermaphrodite flowers and the daily temperature during a 60-day period prior to floral anthesis of each evaluated flower. The carpel number of lines and hybrids differed significantly each week (p≤0,03). Line and hybrid averages also differed significantly during the twelve-week period (p<0,0001). The cross between a strong carpellodic line and a stable or a weak female-sterile line resulted in a hybrid that exhibited carpellody, which suggests that carpellody is dominant. The correlation between carpel number and temperature suggests that the amplitude of temperature fluctuations during the day was a determinant factor in the induction of carpellody.","PeriodicalId":36707,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Mesoamerican","volume":"43 1","pages":"577-590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76854733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. W. Alanís, Francisco Zavala García, Gerardo Arcos Cavazos, María del Carmen Vázquez, E. Sáenz
Energy production from sorghum bioethanol is a way to help decrease climate change and environmental degradation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics associated to bioethanol production in experimental genotypes of sweet sorghum. During 2013 and 2014, seventeen sweet genotypes were evaluated in two locations, this locations are situated in northeastern Mexico, under a complete block randomly design with three replications. The three experiments were executed in Estacion Cuauhtemoc, Tamaulipas, in dryland; and two in Marin, Nuevo Leon, under irrigation. Experimental hybrid Potranca x Keller (p≤0.05) presented the highest values (kg/ha) in: biomass weight (52 125), stem (39 650), panicle (4550), leaf (7700), juice (14 125), and bioethanol (2157 l/ha); it surpassed to the most productive control (Keller) in: 35,7, 32,5, 63,2, 41,6, 32,5, and 36,8%, respectively. It bloomed 6.8 days earlier than variety control. Experimental variety 17-1-1-1 had a minor foliar incidence of diseases in comparison to Keller. In addition, it presented agronomic characteristics similar to control in: biomass weight (44 375 kg/ha), stem (35 438 kg/ha), panicle (2488 kg/ha), leaf (6400 kg/ha), juice (11 750 kg/ha), plant dry weight (19 113 kg/ha), stem dry weight (14 888 kg/ha), bioethanol production (1929 l/ha), °Brix (15,2), days to flowering (80,8) and plant height (224 cm).
{"title":"Agronomic characteristics associated with bioethanol production in sweet sorghum genotypes","authors":"H. W. Alanís, Francisco Zavala García, Gerardo Arcos Cavazos, María del Carmen Vázquez, E. Sáenz","doi":"10.15517/MA.V28I3.26690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/MA.V28I3.26690","url":null,"abstract":"Energy production from sorghum bioethanol is a way to help decrease climate change and environmental degradation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics associated to bioethanol production in experimental genotypes of sweet sorghum. During 2013 and 2014, seventeen sweet genotypes were evaluated in two locations, this locations are situated in northeastern Mexico, under a complete block randomly design with three replications. The three experiments were executed in Estacion Cuauhtemoc, Tamaulipas, in dryland; and two in Marin, Nuevo Leon, under irrigation. Experimental hybrid Potranca x Keller (p≤0.05) presented the highest values (kg/ha) in: biomass weight (52 125), stem (39 650), panicle (4550), leaf (7700), juice (14 125), and bioethanol (2157 l/ha); it surpassed to the most productive control (Keller) in: 35,7, 32,5, 63,2, 41,6, 32,5, and 36,8%, respectively. It bloomed 6.8 days earlier than variety control. Experimental variety 17-1-1-1 had a minor foliar incidence of diseases in comparison to Keller. In addition, it presented agronomic characteristics similar to control in: biomass weight (44 375 kg/ha), stem (35 438 kg/ha), panicle (2488 kg/ha), leaf (6400 kg/ha), juice (11 750 kg/ha), plant dry weight (19 113 kg/ha), stem dry weight (14 888 kg/ha), bioethanol production (1929 l/ha), °Brix (15,2), days to flowering (80,8) and plant height (224 cm).","PeriodicalId":36707,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Mesoamerican","volume":"76 1","pages":"549-563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86783664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study was to identify morphometric, anatomical, and the viability characteristics of the seeds of Cedrela odorata and Cariniana pyriformis . The study was carried out at the Universidad de Cordoba of Monteria, Colombia, from April 2012 to July 2014; the study was carried out with a laboratory descriptive methodology, tetrazolium and germination tests in germination chamber were performed. Seeds of commercial lots from three locations in the department of Cordoba, were used. Five trees of each specie were randomly selected and from each tree, five samples of one hundred seeds, were randomly selected. The description of the shape and the anatomy of the seeds was made according to ten seeds of each specie. For the tetrazolium tests, a completely randomized design experiment, with six treatments, and four replications of 25 seeds, was established. The six treatments were originated by combining the tetrazolium concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, with two and three hours of immersion in the solution. The external characteristics of C. odorata showed less variation than C. pyriformis , especially in weight. Four topological patterns were identified in each specie. It was possible to determine the viability for C. pyriformis and C. odorata with immersion for two hours at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0% tetrazolium, respectively.
{"title":"Viability, morphometric, and anatomical characteristics of Cedrela odorata L. and Cariniana pyriformis Miers seeds","authors":"Miguel Espitia Camacho, H. A. Tatis, C. C. Ayala","doi":"10.15517/MA.V28I3.26287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/MA.V28I3.26287","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to identify morphometric, anatomical, and the viability characteristics of the seeds of Cedrela odorata and Cariniana pyriformis . The study was carried out at the Universidad de Cordoba of Monteria, Colombia, from April 2012 to July 2014; the study was carried out with a laboratory descriptive methodology, tetrazolium and germination tests in germination chamber were performed. Seeds of commercial lots from three locations in the department of Cordoba, were used. Five trees of each specie were randomly selected and from each tree, five samples of one hundred seeds, were randomly selected. The description of the shape and the anatomy of the seeds was made according to ten seeds of each specie. For the tetrazolium tests, a completely randomized design experiment, with six treatments, and four replications of 25 seeds, was established. The six treatments were originated by combining the tetrazolium concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, with two and three hours of immersion in the solution. The external characteristics of C. odorata showed less variation than C. pyriformis , especially in weight. Four topological patterns were identified in each specie. It was possible to determine the viability for C. pyriformis and C. odorata with immersion for two hours at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0% tetrazolium, respectively.","PeriodicalId":36707,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Mesoamerican","volume":"1 1","pages":"605-617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77141374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Edgar Vargas Gonzalez; the man, the scientist and agro-ecologist. After ten years of his death (January 21, 1939 - May 3, 2007)","authors":"M. V. G. Soto","doi":"10.15517/MA.V28I2.28536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/MA.V28I2.28536","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36707,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Mesoamerican","volume":"184 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73185306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Iglesias, Liliana Mahecha Ledesma, J. A. Arizala
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar mediante estudios in vitro , el efecto de la mezcla de boton de oro ( Tithonia diversifolia ), kikuyo ( Cenchrus clandestinum ) y alimento concentrado, con la adicion de diferentes niveles de acidos grasos polinsaturados (AGPI), sobre la produccion de metano ( CH 4 ml/g MSd) , digestibilidad de la materia seca (%DIVMS) y produccion de acidos grasos volatiles (AGV). La investigacion se llevo a cabo en el laboratorio NUTRILAB (Medellin, Colombia) en septiembre del ano 2015. Se utilizaron tres combinaciones de fuentes lipidicas ricas en AGPI con un nivel total maximo de inclusion correspondiente al 3% de la materia seca incubada. Las combinaciones de fuentes lipidicas fueron: SAGPI1: 0,5%-aceite soya, 0,5%-aceite pescado, 2% grasa sobrepasante rica en omega 3. SAGPI2: 1% aceite soya, 0,5% aceite pescado, 1,5%-grasa sobrepasante rica en omega 3. SAGPI3: 2,5% aceite soya, 0,5% aceite pescado. Tambien se utilizo una fuente de grasa sobrepasante (GSP). Los resultados obtenidos fueron procesados con base en la prueba de comparaciones preplaneadas a traves del PROC-MIXED de SAS. La produccion de metano in vitro disminuyo (p<0,05), mientras que la digestibilidad de la materia seca incremento (p<0,05) a las 24 y 48 horas al incluir boton de oro y/o AGPI o ambos en las mezclas. En la proporcion molar de AGV (%), el acido acetico fue el que mayor presencia evidencio. La inclusion de forrajeras como el boton de oro y la suplementacion con fuentes de AGPI en bovinos, podria ser una estrategia para reducir emisiones de metano sin detrimento de la fermentacion ruminal.
{"title":"Effect on of in vitro fermentation of mixture of Tithonia diversifolia, Cenchrus clandestinum and polyunsaturated fats","authors":"J. Iglesias, Liliana Mahecha Ledesma, J. A. Arizala","doi":"10.15517/MA.V28I2.25697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/MA.V28I2.25697","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar mediante estudios in vitro , el efecto de la mezcla de boton de oro ( Tithonia diversifolia ), kikuyo ( Cenchrus clandestinum ) y alimento concentrado, con la adicion de diferentes niveles de acidos grasos polinsaturados (AGPI), sobre la produccion de metano ( CH 4 ml/g MSd) , digestibilidad de la materia seca (%DIVMS) y produccion de acidos grasos volatiles (AGV). La investigacion se llevo a cabo en el laboratorio NUTRILAB (Medellin, Colombia) en septiembre del ano 2015. Se utilizaron tres combinaciones de fuentes lipidicas ricas en AGPI con un nivel total maximo de inclusion correspondiente al 3% de la materia seca incubada. Las combinaciones de fuentes lipidicas fueron: SAGPI1: 0,5%-aceite soya, 0,5%-aceite pescado, 2% grasa sobrepasante rica en omega 3. SAGPI2: 1% aceite soya, 0,5% aceite pescado, 1,5%-grasa sobrepasante rica en omega 3. SAGPI3: 2,5% aceite soya, 0,5% aceite pescado. Tambien se utilizo una fuente de grasa sobrepasante (GSP). Los resultados obtenidos fueron procesados con base en la prueba de comparaciones preplaneadas a traves del PROC-MIXED de SAS. La produccion de metano in vitro disminuyo (p<0,05), mientras que la digestibilidad de la materia seca incremento (p<0,05) a las 24 y 48 horas al incluir boton de oro y/o AGPI o ambos en las mezclas. En la proporcion molar de AGV (%), el acido acetico fue el que mayor presencia evidencio. La inclusion de forrajeras como el boton de oro y la suplementacion con fuentes de AGPI en bovinos, podria ser una estrategia para reducir emisiones de metano sin detrimento de la fermentacion ruminal.","PeriodicalId":36707,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Mesoamerican","volume":"5 1","pages":"405-426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81423212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ramos, Teolincacihuatl Romero Rosales, Encarnación Soto
El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la dinamica de la produccion de maiz y frijol en Mexico. Se efectuo un analisis retrospectivo para identi car los puntos criticos, los cambios y ajustes dados en el sector como resultado de las politicas del gobierno mexicano. Los datos fueron obtenidos de SAGARPA, Banco de Mexico, Secretaria de Economia y de la Organizacion de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentacion y la Agricultura. Se evaluaron indicadores de tasa de crecimiento media anual (TCMA), tendencia y precios constantes. Al realizarse el analisis nacional, se considero como variable al pais en su conjunto. Se analizaron los datos de superficie sembrada, produccion, precios e importaciones de maiz y frijol en Mexico entre los anos 1980 a 2014. La superficie sembrada de maiz y frijol tuvo un decremento de 1,8 millones y 193 mil hectareas, respectivamente; el rendimiento se incremento para el maiz en 1,47 t/ha y en frijol 160 kg/ha, la produccion de maiz tuvo una TCMA de 1,8% equivalente 10,1 millones de toneladas, el frijol tuvo una TCMA 0,89% con un incremento de 338 783 t. El maiz y frijol a precios constantes han tenido una disminucion del 64,6% y 59,0%, correspondiente a 441,9 y 976,3 dolares por tonelada, respectivamente. Las importaciones de maiz tuvieron una TCMA de 2,8%, naliz o el 2012 con 9,5 millones de toneladas, las importaciones de frijol no mostraron ninguna tendencia. El punto critico en las importaciones se dio con la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Libre Comercio de America del Norte, paso de una economia cerrada a una abierta, donde se incrementaron mas las importaciones que la produccion nacional.
本研究的目的是评估墨西哥玉米和豆类的生产动态。本研究的目的是确定墨西哥政府政策对该部门的影响，并确定该部门的变化和调整。本研究的目的是评估墨西哥经济和社会发展研究所(instituto de desarrollo economical and social development institute)的数据，该研究所是墨西哥经济和社会发展研究所(instituto de desarrollo economical and social development)的一部分，该研究所是墨西哥经济和社会发展研究所(instituto de desarrollo economical and social development)的一部分。本研究的目的是评估在墨西哥和拉丁美洲进行的研究的结果。在进行全国分析时，整个国家被视为一个变量。本文分析了墨西哥1980 - 2014年玉米和豆类的种植面积、产量、价格和进口数据。玉米和豆类种植面积分别减少180万公顷和19.3万公顷;产量增加用于玉米1,47 t / ha和攀援160公斤/公顷,玉米的有TCMA 1.8%万当量吨,豆子有TCMA 0,89%增加338 7.83 t。玉米和豆子固定价格了disminucion 64.6%和441.9年度59.0%,976.3美元,分别为每吨。玉米进口的agr为2.8%，2012年为950万吨，豆类进口没有显示出任何趋势。随着北美自由贸易协定(nafta)的生效，进口出现了关键时刻，从封闭经济向开放经济的转变，进口的增长超过了国民生产。
{"title":"Dynamics production of corn and beans in Mexico from 1980 to 2014","authors":"M. Ramos, Teolincacihuatl Romero Rosales, Encarnación Soto","doi":"10.15517/ma.v28i2.23608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/ma.v28i2.23608","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la dinamica de la produccion de maiz y frijol en Mexico. Se efectuo un analisis retrospectivo para identi car los puntos criticos, los cambios y ajustes dados en el sector como resultado de las politicas del gobierno mexicano. Los datos fueron obtenidos de SAGARPA, Banco de Mexico, Secretaria de Economia y de la Organizacion de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentacion y la Agricultura. Se evaluaron indicadores de tasa de crecimiento media anual (TCMA), tendencia y precios constantes. Al realizarse el analisis nacional, se considero como variable al pais en su conjunto. Se analizaron los datos de superficie sembrada, produccion, precios e importaciones de maiz y frijol en Mexico entre los anos 1980 a 2014. La superficie sembrada de maiz y frijol tuvo un decremento de 1,8 millones y 193 mil hectareas, respectivamente; el rendimiento se incremento para el maiz en 1,47 t/ha y en frijol 160 kg/ha, la produccion de maiz tuvo una TCMA de 1,8% equivalente 10,1 millones de toneladas, el frijol tuvo una TCMA 0,89% con un incremento de 338 783 t. El maiz y frijol a precios constantes han tenido una disminucion del 64,6% y 59,0%, correspondiente a 441,9 y 976,3 dolares por tonelada, respectivamente. Las importaciones de maiz tuvieron una TCMA de 2,8%, naliz o el 2012 con 9,5 millones de toneladas, las importaciones de frijol no mostraron ninguna tendencia. El punto critico en las importaciones se dio con la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Libre Comercio de America del Norte, paso de una economia cerrada a una abierta, donde se incrementaron mas las importaciones que la produccion nacional.","PeriodicalId":36707,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Mesoamerican","volume":"41 1","pages":"439-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80770913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liliana Mahecha-Ledesma, Joaquín Angulo-Arizala, W. Barragán-Hernández
El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la calidad bromatologica, la degradacion de la materia seca y el potencial mitigador de metano del forraje proveniente de diferentes arreglos silvopastoriles bajo tres niveles de sombra (0, 30 y 60%). Este estudio se llevo a cabo entre octubre de 2012 y setiembre de 2013 en la hacienda La Candelaria de la Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia. Para los arreglos se utilizaron gramineas de genero Brachiaria ( Brachiaria brizantha cv toledo, Brachiaria decumbens y Brachiaria hibrido cv mulato II) solas o asociadas con Tithonia diversifolia y Cratilya argentea en arreglo silvopastoril. La evaluacion se realizo en el forraje de cuarenta dias, se determino la composicion quimica, contenido de acidos grasos poliinsaturados, degradacion de la materia seca y produccion de metano in vitro . El arreglo utilizado (graminea sola o asociada a arbustiva) afecto signi cativamente la concentracion de proteina y acido linoleico (p 0,05). Sin embargo, pruebas planeadas indicaron que al asociar Brachiaria brizantha cv toledo con las arbustivas, se mejoro la degradacion de la materia seca (MS) a las 48 h y se observo que la interaccion arreglo x sombra afecto la dinamica de esta. Los factores evaluados (arreglo y sombra) no in uyeron en la emision de metano in vitro .
{"title":"Nutritional quality, degradability and methane production in silvopastoral arrangements","authors":"Liliana Mahecha-Ledesma, Joaquín Angulo-Arizala, W. Barragán-Hernández","doi":"10.15517/MA.V28I2.22750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/MA.V28I2.22750","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la calidad bromatologica, la degradacion de la materia seca y el potencial mitigador de metano del forraje proveniente de diferentes arreglos silvopastoriles bajo tres niveles de sombra (0, 30 y 60%). Este estudio se llevo a cabo entre octubre de 2012 y setiembre de 2013 en la hacienda La Candelaria de la Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia. Para los arreglos se utilizaron gramineas de genero Brachiaria ( Brachiaria brizantha cv toledo, Brachiaria decumbens y Brachiaria hibrido cv mulato II) solas o asociadas con Tithonia diversifolia y Cratilya argentea en arreglo silvopastoril. La evaluacion se realizo en el forraje de cuarenta dias, se determino la composicion quimica, contenido de acidos grasos poliinsaturados, degradacion de la materia seca y produccion de metano in vitro . El arreglo utilizado (graminea sola o asociada a arbustiva) afecto signi cativamente la concentracion de proteina y acido linoleico (p 0,05). Sin embargo, pruebas planeadas indicaron que al asociar Brachiaria brizantha cv toledo con las arbustivas, se mejoro la degradacion de la materia seca (MS) a las 48 h y se observo que la interaccion arreglo x sombra afecto la dinamica de esta. Los factores evaluados (arreglo y sombra) no in uyeron en la emision de metano in vitro .","PeriodicalId":36707,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Mesoamerican","volume":"18 1","pages":"371-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85128038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. C. D. Torres, Hugo Stiven Meneses Carvajal, A. R. Trujillo, N. U. Cobo
This study aimed to determine the crop coefficient (Kc) curve for stevia ( Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) in Candelaria, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. The experiment was conducted during the first half of 2015. In a plot planted with stevia, were located three drainage lysimeters arranged randomly and a portable weather station to determine climatic variables necessary for calculating an evapotranspiration reference (ETo), using the Penman Monteith equation. Soil eld capacity moisture was determined and regular monitoring of both, soil moisture and drainage water depth were performed. Irrigation was applied using an exhaustion coefficient of 10% to bring it back to field capacity moisture. Statistical analyzes were performed and Kc was calculated from the ratio of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) to ETo, for each plant in phenological phase. With condidence of 95% Kc for stevia were: growth stage (54 days after transplantation, ddt) 0.86 ± 0.12, mature stage (55-72 ddt) 1.24 ± 0.10 and senescence stage (72-96 ddt) 0.85 ± 0.14. Water consumption of Stevia rebaudiana B., was 4753 m 3 /ha during its growing cycle of 96 days after transplantation.
{"title":"Stevia water needs calculated from the crop coefficient","authors":"M. C. D. Torres, Hugo Stiven Meneses Carvajal, A. R. Trujillo, N. U. Cobo","doi":"10.15517/MA.V28I2.24354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/MA.V28I2.24354","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the crop coefficient (Kc) curve for stevia ( Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) in Candelaria, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. The experiment was conducted during the first half of 2015. In a plot planted with stevia, were located three drainage lysimeters arranged randomly and a portable weather station to determine climatic variables necessary for calculating an evapotranspiration reference (ETo), using the Penman Monteith equation. Soil eld capacity moisture was determined and regular monitoring of both, soil moisture and drainage water depth were performed. Irrigation was applied using an exhaustion coefficient of 10% to bring it back to field capacity moisture. Statistical analyzes were performed and Kc was calculated from the ratio of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) to ETo, for each plant in phenological phase. With condidence of 95% Kc for stevia were: growth stage (54 days after transplantation, ddt) 0.86 ± 0.12, mature stage (55-72 ddt) 1.24 ± 0.10 and senescence stage (72-96 ddt) 0.85 ± 0.14. Water consumption of Stevia rebaudiana B., was 4753 m 3 /ha during its growing cycle of 96 days after transplantation.","PeriodicalId":36707,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Mesoamerican","volume":"93 1 1","pages":"509-521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79425324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to estimate the intake of dry matter forage (CMSf) by grazing holstein cows. The research was conducted in northern Antioquia highlands; a silvopastoral system with Tithonia diversifolia and Cenchrsus clandestinum (SSP) and a monoculture C. clandestinum were used. Were estimated the CMSf by different methodologies and kikuyu:wild sunflower consumption relation, also the interchangeability of two methodologies was determined. There were two conducted trials, in the first trail SSP was used without browsing of wild sun ower and monoculture; in the second trial the same system was applied, with the difference that for the SSP animals browsed the shrubby by themselves. Twelve random infant holstein cows were used in the two systems. CMSf was estimated by indicators (I), agronomic (A) and grazing behavior (C) methods, method I was the reference. In trial I more CMSf was observed in the SSP, with an average of 14.7 kg/day (p 0.005). The kikuyu:wild sunflower consumption relation was 95:5. The correlation coefficient of concordance between the methods I and C near to 0 shown that they are not interchangeable. The results suggest that the SSP evaluated supplied sufficient forage to ensure optimal CMSf.
{"title":"Dry matter intake in a silvopastoral system of T. diversifolia in high tropics","authors":"E. Díaz, Liliana Mahecha Ledesma, J. A. Arizala","doi":"10.15517/MA.V28I2.23561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/MA.V28I2.23561","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to estimate the intake of dry matter forage (CMSf) by grazing holstein cows. The research was conducted in northern Antioquia highlands; a silvopastoral system with Tithonia diversifolia and Cenchrsus clandestinum (SSP) and a monoculture C. clandestinum were used. Were estimated the CMSf by different methodologies and kikuyu:wild sunflower consumption relation, also the interchangeability of two methodologies was determined. There were two conducted trials, in the first trail SSP was used without browsing of wild sun ower and monoculture; in the second trial the same system was applied, with the difference that for the SSP animals browsed the shrubby by themselves. Twelve random infant holstein cows were used in the two systems. CMSf was estimated by indicators (I), agronomic (A) and grazing behavior (C) methods, method I was the reference. In trial I more CMSf was observed in the SSP, with an average of 14.7 kg/day (p 0.005). The kikuyu:wild sunflower consumption relation was 95:5. The correlation coefficient of concordance between the methods I and C near to 0 shown that they are not interchangeable. The results suggest that the SSP evaluated supplied sufficient forage to ensure optimal CMSf.","PeriodicalId":36707,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Mesoamerican","volume":"3 1","pages":"389-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80276575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robin Gómez Gómez, M. Lutz, R. A. Alvarado, R. Vargas, F. Murillo, A. Ruíz
El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un diagnostico sobre el conocimiento que tienen agricultores de papaya, palma aceitera y banano de Costa Rica, sobre coberturas vivas y la disposicion a implementarlas. Se construyo un instrumento de evaluacion que consistio de veintiocho preguntas para contestar falso o verdadero, con las cuales se creo un indicador de conocimiento. Ademas, se incluyeron siete preguntas con las respuestas en una escala de cinco puntos, para explorar la disposicion del productor a implementar coberturas vivas en su nca. Este instrumento se aplico en el ano 2014 a 36 productores de papaya, 30 de palma aceitera y 57 bananeros. El analisis de itemes, para determinar confiabilidad, produjo valores alfa de Cronbach superiores al 90%. Se realizo tambien un analisis de factores para asegurar que el instrumento media un unico rasgo: conocimiento sobre coberturas vivas. El comportamiento de los puntajes globales de conocimiento vario de manera considerable de un grupo de productores a otro. El promedio mas alto y con menor variabilidad se obtuvo en los instrumentos aplicados a productores de banano, mientras que el promedio menor y con mayor variabilidad se determino de los productores de papaya. Las respuestas a cada una de las preguntas variaron considerablemente de un grupo de productores a otro. La mayoria de los productores de los tres cultivos estuvo dispuesto a utilizar coberturas vivas y a recibir capacitacion.
{"title":"Conocimiento sobre coberturas vivas y disposición a utilizarlas por productores de varios cultivos","authors":"Robin Gómez Gómez, M. Lutz, R. A. Alvarado, R. Vargas, F. Murillo, A. Ruíz","doi":"10.15517/MA.V28I2.23403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/MA.V28I2.23403","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un diagnostico sobre el conocimiento que tienen agricultores de papaya, palma aceitera y banano de Costa Rica, sobre coberturas vivas y la disposicion a implementarlas. Se construyo un instrumento de evaluacion que consistio de veintiocho preguntas para contestar falso o verdadero, con las cuales se creo un indicador de conocimiento. Ademas, se incluyeron siete preguntas con las respuestas en una escala de cinco puntos, para explorar la disposicion del productor a implementar coberturas vivas en su nca. Este instrumento se aplico en el ano 2014 a 36 productores de papaya, 30 de palma aceitera y 57 bananeros. El analisis de itemes, para determinar confiabilidad, produjo valores alfa de Cronbach superiores al 90%. Se realizo tambien un analisis de factores para asegurar que el instrumento media un unico rasgo: conocimiento sobre coberturas vivas. El comportamiento de los puntajes globales de conocimiento vario de manera considerable de un grupo de productores a otro. El promedio mas alto y con menor variabilidad se obtuvo en los instrumentos aplicados a productores de banano, mientras que el promedio menor y con mayor variabilidad se determino de los productores de papaya. Las respuestas a cada una de las preguntas variaron considerablemente de un grupo de productores a otro. La mayoria de los productores de los tres cultivos estuvo dispuesto a utilizar coberturas vivas y a recibir capacitacion.","PeriodicalId":36707,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Mesoamerican","volume":"57 1","pages":"489-497"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74940449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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