Pub Date : 2015-04-23DOI: 10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233205
Bryant C. Baker, R. Campbell
This paper will describe the design of an ultrawideband balun using a multiaperture ferromagnetic core. The balun is designed to operate over several decades of bandwidth to provide a broadband solution to an increasingly complex spectrum. This design is intended for receiver front-end applications where wideband performance is a critical device requirement. The characteristics of the ferromagnetic material and unique design arrangement provides state-of-the-art insertion loss performance when compared to commercially available baluns.
{"title":"Ultra-wideband balun using a multiaperture ferromagnetic core","authors":"Bryant C. Baker, R. Campbell","doi":"10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233205","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will describe the design of an ultrawideband balun using a multiaperture ferromagnetic core. The balun is designed to operate over several decades of bandwidth to provide a broadband solution to an increasingly complex spectrum. This design is intended for receiver front-end applications where wideband performance is a critical device requirement. The characteristics of the ferromagnetic material and unique design arrangement provides state-of-the-art insertion loss performance when compared to commercially available baluns.","PeriodicalId":367203,"journal":{"name":"2015 Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122116122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-23DOI: 10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233207
Yan Shi
Received signal strength (RSS) is a measurement of the power of received radio signal. Although RSS technique is implemented in many types of hardware, such as Network Information Cards (NICs) and smart phones, its detection performance may be disappointing due to various environmental factors and hardware design complexity. In this paper, the performance of RSS detection is enhanced in terms of accuracy and stability based on wireless open-source platforms. To construct accurate RSS mappings projected for specific RSS detection platforms, two data-fitting models are built and evaluated after conducting rigorous experiments. In addition, a four-antenna RSS evaluation approach is also proposed to combat the effects of complex environmental factors by selecting reliable samples. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed approaches are more efficient in improving the performance of RSS detection than the traditional single-antenna approach.
{"title":"Improving the performance of RSS detection using wireless open-source platforms","authors":"Yan Shi","doi":"10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233207","url":null,"abstract":"Received signal strength (RSS) is a measurement of the power of received radio signal. Although RSS technique is implemented in many types of hardware, such as Network Information Cards (NICs) and smart phones, its detection performance may be disappointing due to various environmental factors and hardware design complexity. In this paper, the performance of RSS detection is enhanced in terms of accuracy and stability based on wireless open-source platforms. To construct accurate RSS mappings projected for specific RSS detection platforms, two data-fitting models are built and evaluated after conducting rigorous experiments. In addition, a four-antenna RSS evaluation approach is also proposed to combat the effects of complex environmental factors by selecting reliable samples. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed approaches are more efficient in improving the performance of RSS detection than the traditional single-antenna approach.","PeriodicalId":367203,"journal":{"name":"2015 Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"53 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113962725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-23DOI: 10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233209
Joseph R. McFarland, T. Barton
This work investigates the suitability of transmission-line resistance compression networks (TLRCNs) for energy recovery applications in wideband microwave outphasing transmitters. In order to successfully recover microwave power without introducing distortion in the outphasing transmitter, the energy recovery network must remain both efficient and impedance-matched at its input port over variations in both power and frequency. In this work, we analyze the ability of the TLRCN to compress variations in its loading impedances when its driving frequency deviates from the nominal center frequency. Measurements of a four-way TLRCN network terminated with resonant class-E rectifiers demonstrate a peak RF-to-dc conversion efficiency of 75% with a return loss of better than 14 dB over a 10-dB range of input powers and 100 MHz bandwidth around 2.45 GHz.
{"title":"Bandwidth of transmission-line resistance compression networks for microwave outphasing transmitters","authors":"Joseph R. McFarland, T. Barton","doi":"10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233209","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates the suitability of transmission-line resistance compression networks (TLRCNs) for energy recovery applications in wideband microwave outphasing transmitters. In order to successfully recover microwave power without introducing distortion in the outphasing transmitter, the energy recovery network must remain both efficient and impedance-matched at its input port over variations in both power and frequency. In this work, we analyze the ability of the TLRCN to compress variations in its loading impedances when its driving frequency deviates from the nominal center frequency. Measurements of a four-way TLRCN network terminated with resonant class-E rectifiers demonstrate a peak RF-to-dc conversion efficiency of 75% with a return loss of better than 14 dB over a 10-dB range of input powers and 100 MHz bandwidth around 2.45 GHz.","PeriodicalId":367203,"journal":{"name":"2015 Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124076440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-23DOI: 10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233194
Emrah Baris, S. Imeci
In this paper, a tri resonance edge-fed bow-tie patch antenna is designed, simulated, built and tested. The measured gains are 7.67 dB at 15.27 GHz and 10.42 dB at 16.15 GHz, representing the first demonstrated antenna with over 10 dB gain in less than 1cm size for a bow-tie microstrip structure operating at such frequencies. The resonance frequencies are chosen such that they could be used in many satellite communications applications in the 12-16 GHz band.
{"title":"A small-size high-gain 16 GHz tri-resonance bow-tie microstrip antenna","authors":"Emrah Baris, S. Imeci","doi":"10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233194","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a tri resonance edge-fed bow-tie patch antenna is designed, simulated, built and tested. The measured gains are 7.67 dB at 15.27 GHz and 10.42 dB at 16.15 GHz, representing the first demonstrated antenna with over 10 dB gain in less than 1cm size for a bow-tie microstrip structure operating at such frequencies. The resonance frequencies are chosen such that they could be used in many satellite communications applications in the 12-16 GHz band.","PeriodicalId":367203,"journal":{"name":"2015 Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125827435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-23DOI: 10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233218
J. Ding, B. Arigong, H. Ren, Mi Zhou, Jin Shao, Yuankun Lin, Hualiang Zhang
Two types of cross polarization converters (CPCs) that can simultaneously work at several wavelengths in the reflection mode in near infrared spectrum range are proposed. The first type (type I) is constructed of an L-shaped perforated silver layer (top layer) printed on a dielectric material backed by a gold ground plane, which can work at three frequencies due to the excitation of three different modes. The second type (type II) is realized by adding another silver layer with the same pattern as the top layer between top layer and ground plane. Type II CPCs can work at even more frequencies (≥5) simultaneously compared to type I CPCs because the couplings between the two silver layers provide more freedom for generating polarization conversion working frequencies. Numerical simulations have verified the performance of the proposed CPCs.
{"title":"Multi-wavelength near infrared cross polarization converters","authors":"J. Ding, B. Arigong, H. Ren, Mi Zhou, Jin Shao, Yuankun Lin, Hualiang Zhang","doi":"10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233218","url":null,"abstract":"Two types of cross polarization converters (CPCs) that can simultaneously work at several wavelengths in the reflection mode in near infrared spectrum range are proposed. The first type (type I) is constructed of an L-shaped perforated silver layer (top layer) printed on a dielectric material backed by a gold ground plane, which can work at three frequencies due to the excitation of three different modes. The second type (type II) is realized by adding another silver layer with the same pattern as the top layer between top layer and ground plane. Type II CPCs can work at even more frequencies (≥5) simultaneously compared to type I CPCs because the couplings between the two silver layers provide more freedom for generating polarization conversion working frequencies. Numerical simulations have verified the performance of the proposed CPCs.","PeriodicalId":367203,"journal":{"name":"2015 Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"35 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130507614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-23DOI: 10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233196
Dylan Eustice, C. Baylis, Casey Latham, R. Marks, L. Cohen
The radar ambiguity function, described as an autocorrelation of shifts in time and frequency, is useful for determining a waveform's accuracy at detecting targets in certain range-Doppler combinations. An algorithm is proposed which uses a generalized method of alternating projections to synthesize waveforms with desired ambiguity function properties. In practice, it is often desirable to minimize the magnitude of the ambiguity function at range-Doppler combinations where targets other than the detection are likely to cause interference. The algorithm alternates between projections in the time, frequency, and range-Doppler domains until an optimal solution which fits desired ambiguity function properties is found. This work provides a computationally intelligent methodology to dynamically optimize detection in radar applications and a foundation for future work in joint circuit optimization for spectral compliance.
{"title":"Optimizing radar waveforms using generalized alternating projections","authors":"Dylan Eustice, C. Baylis, Casey Latham, R. Marks, L. Cohen","doi":"10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233196","url":null,"abstract":"The radar ambiguity function, described as an autocorrelation of shifts in time and frequency, is useful for determining a waveform's accuracy at detecting targets in certain range-Doppler combinations. An algorithm is proposed which uses a generalized method of alternating projections to synthesize waveforms with desired ambiguity function properties. In practice, it is often desirable to minimize the magnitude of the ambiguity function at range-Doppler combinations where targets other than the detection are likely to cause interference. The algorithm alternates between projections in the time, frequency, and range-Doppler domains until an optimal solution which fits desired ambiguity function properties is found. This work provides a computationally intelligent methodology to dynamically optimize detection in radar applications and a foundation for future work in joint circuit optimization for spectral compliance.","PeriodicalId":367203,"journal":{"name":"2015 Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126352963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-23DOI: 10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233208
Dylan Eustice, C. Baylis, R. Marks
Woodward's ambiguity function, introduced in the literature in the mid-20th century, has been a staple topic in the study of radar performance. There exists an inherent trade-off in the ability of a signal to accurately measure both the range and velocity of a target. Woodward's ambiguity function measures this uncertainty for narrowband RF signals for monostatic radar. Despite its popularity and widespread description in both radar texts and the literature, there has been a wide variation in description of the ambiguity function. There are, for example, numerous similar albeit different definitions of the ambiguity function. There are also false statements made including claims that an ambiguity function is not invertable to its underlying signal and that best estimates of the range and Doppler of an object is found by analyzing the maximum of the magnitude of a correlation. In this paper, these and other questions are answered through derivation of the ambiguity function from first principles. Tables of ambiguity functions and their properties are presented, and 2-D Fourier analysis is shown to provide deeper insight into the ambiguity function structure.
{"title":"Woodward's ambiguity function: From foundations to applications","authors":"Dylan Eustice, C. Baylis, R. Marks","doi":"10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233208","url":null,"abstract":"Woodward's ambiguity function, introduced in the literature in the mid-20th century, has been a staple topic in the study of radar performance. There exists an inherent trade-off in the ability of a signal to accurately measure both the range and velocity of a target. Woodward's ambiguity function measures this uncertainty for narrowband RF signals for monostatic radar. Despite its popularity and widespread description in both radar texts and the literature, there has been a wide variation in description of the ambiguity function. There are, for example, numerous similar albeit different definitions of the ambiguity function. There are also false statements made including claims that an ambiguity function is not invertable to its underlying signal and that best estimates of the range and Doppler of an object is found by analyzing the maximum of the magnitude of a correlation. In this paper, these and other questions are answered through derivation of the ambiguity function from first principles. Tables of ambiguity functions and their properties are presented, and 2-D Fourier analysis is shown to provide deeper insight into the ambiguity function structure.","PeriodicalId":367203,"journal":{"name":"2015 Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126394264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-23DOI: 10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233223
S. Sengupta, D. Jackson, S. Long
The radiation characteristics of a two-dimensional (2-D) periodic leaky-wave antenna at microwave and optical frequencies is examined. The phenomenon of directive beaming at optical frequencies can be explained in terms of leaky plasmon waves. These plasmonic structures are thus similar to a periodic 2-D leaky-wave antenna, and the fundamental radiation characteristics of them can be explained using leaky-wave theory.
{"title":"Properties of microwave and optical 2-D periodic leaky wave antennas","authors":"S. Sengupta, D. Jackson, S. Long","doi":"10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233223","url":null,"abstract":"The radiation characteristics of a two-dimensional (2-D) periodic leaky-wave antenna at microwave and optical frequencies is examined. The phenomenon of directive beaming at optical frequencies can be explained in terms of leaky plasmon waves. These plasmonic structures are thus similar to a periodic 2-D leaky-wave antenna, and the fundamental radiation characteristics of them can be explained using leaky-wave theory.","PeriodicalId":367203,"journal":{"name":"2015 Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132299008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-23DOI: 10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233216
B. Arigong, Mi Zhou, H. Ren, Jin Shao, J. Ding, Song Fu, Hyoungsoo Kim, Hualiang Zhang
In this paper, we present the system applications of planar couplers. A uni-planar 3dB 180° coupler with fully symmetrically allocated input and output ports is designed for this purpose. Different from the conventional rat-race coupler, it integrates a compact crossover with a modified conventional coupler to rearrange the Σ, Δ, coupling, and through ports of the 180° coupler. The full-wave electromagnetic simulations are performed and an experimental prototype is fabricated to demonstrate the novel design concept. The measurement results match well with the theoretical and numerical results.
{"title":"System applications of planar couplers","authors":"B. Arigong, Mi Zhou, H. Ren, Jin Shao, J. Ding, Song Fu, Hyoungsoo Kim, Hualiang Zhang","doi":"10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233216","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the system applications of planar couplers. A uni-planar 3dB 180° coupler with fully symmetrically allocated input and output ports is designed for this purpose. Different from the conventional rat-race coupler, it integrates a compact crossover with a modified conventional coupler to rearrange the Σ, Δ, coupling, and through ports of the 180° coupler. The full-wave electromagnetic simulations are performed and an experimental prototype is fabricated to demonstrate the novel design concept. The measurement results match well with the theoretical and numerical results.","PeriodicalId":367203,"journal":{"name":"2015 Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115302173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-23DOI: 10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233206
W. Shu, S. Shichijo, R. Henderson
A planar transformer circuit derived from a unified CPW mode is presented. The elements of the model are calculated directly from the equations for CPWs and the transformer geometries. The substrate eddy current losses and coupling with the transformer lines are modeled by RL network structures and mutual inductances. One turn planar transformers have been designed and fabricated on various resistivity substrates. A good agreement is obtained between the measurement and the equivalent circuit. This work demonstrates the application of the unified model for transformers.
{"title":"Modeling of planar transformer with a unified CPW model","authors":"W. Shu, S. Shichijo, R. Henderson","doi":"10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WMCAS.2015.7233206","url":null,"abstract":"A planar transformer circuit derived from a unified CPW mode is presented. The elements of the model are calculated directly from the equations for CPWs and the transformer geometries. The substrate eddy current losses and coupling with the transformer lines are modeled by RL network structures and mutual inductances. One turn planar transformers have been designed and fabricated on various resistivity substrates. A good agreement is obtained between the measurement and the equivalent circuit. This work demonstrates the application of the unified model for transformers.","PeriodicalId":367203,"journal":{"name":"2015 Texas Symposium on Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems (WMCS)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123913899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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