Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.21109/KESMAS.V4I5.173
Titik Kuntari, S. Wilopo, O. Emilia
Abortion has become a main problem in public health because of its impact on maternal morbidity and mortality. There is no comprehensive data on abortion in Indonesia. So far, data were based on survey with limited coverage. Unsafe abortion is responsible to 11 percent of maternal mortality in Indonesia. This research objective is to determine factors related to abortion in Indonesia. The study was an observational method with cross sectional design. These data are gathered from Indonesian Demography and Health Survey 2002–2003. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. The risk of an abortion increased in line with the increasing of maternal age. Women with 0-2 parity have higher risk than multiparity (OR=5.2, IK95%=3.49-7.89). Employed women have higher risk than unemployed (OR=2.7, IK95%=2.10-3.58). The risk of abortion increased among women married at 30 years old or over (OR=1.8, IK95%=1.30-2.48). There is no significant association between history of abortion, education, socioeconomic and risk of abortion. Key words : Abortion, trend of abortion, abortion’s determinant, Indonesia
{"title":"Determinan Abortus di Indonesia","authors":"Titik Kuntari, S. Wilopo, O. Emilia","doi":"10.21109/KESMAS.V4I5.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21109/KESMAS.V4I5.173","url":null,"abstract":"Abortion has become a main problem in public health because of its impact on maternal morbidity and mortality. There is no comprehensive data on abortion in Indonesia. So far, data were based on survey with limited coverage. Unsafe abortion is responsible to 11 percent of maternal mortality in Indonesia. This research objective is to determine factors related to abortion in Indonesia. The study was an observational method with cross sectional design. These data are gathered from Indonesian Demography and Health Survey 2002–2003. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. The risk of an abortion increased in line with the increasing of maternal age. Women with 0-2 parity have higher risk than multiparity (OR=5.2, IK95%=3.49-7.89). Employed women have higher risk than unemployed (OR=2.7, IK95%=2.10-3.58). The risk of abortion increased among women married at 30 years old or over (OR=1.8, IK95%=1.30-2.48). There is no significant association between history of abortion, education, socioeconomic and risk of abortion. Key words : Abortion, trend of abortion, abortion’s determinant, Indonesia","PeriodicalId":367223,"journal":{"name":"Kesmas The National Journal of Public Health","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124879963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-02-01DOI: 10.21109/KESMAS.V4I4.180
I. N. Sujaya, N. P. D. Aryantini, Ni Wayan Nursini, S. Purnama, N. M. U. Dwipayanti, I. G. Artawan, I. M. Sutarga
In February to March 2008, Bali was shocked by the outbreak of diarrhea in Karangasem District, Bali. It was recorded that 600 people were having diarrhea and 5 people were died due to the disease. This outbreak was the first time happened in Bali and the causing pathogen was not yet identified. The aim of this study was to identify the causing pathogen of diarrhea in the outbreak case in Karangasem, as well as to identify the possible transmitting pathway. The tracking of outbreak cause was carried out by analyzing water sample taken from communal clean water source, private clean water reservoir, food sample, as well as rectal swab of the patient with the combination of pathogen enrichment technique and specific PCR with Escherichia coli as the target of toxin forming agent. Based on the culture growth from food samples, it was found that 11 from 21 samples were E. coli positive. From samples that E. coli positive, 2 samples that were taken from patient’s house were detected a shiga like toxic forming gene, type I and II on the E. coli. The similar shiga like toxin forming gene type I was also detected on samples from patient and samples from water of private family cubang. This shows that E. coli that forms shiga like toxin type I was the diarrhea causing pathogen in this particular outbreak in Karangasem. Furthermore, it was found out that the ribbon formed by shiga like toxin type I and II differ from the strain of EHEC. Thus, it is possible that the strain found in Karangasem was a new strain of E. coli pathogen due to genetic transformation on shiga like toxin forming E. coli that was found in Bali. Key words : Diarrhea, Escherichia coli, shiga like toxin
{"title":"Identifikasi Penyebab Diare di Kabupaten Karangasem, Bali","authors":"I. N. Sujaya, N. P. D. Aryantini, Ni Wayan Nursini, S. Purnama, N. M. U. Dwipayanti, I. G. Artawan, I. M. Sutarga","doi":"10.21109/KESMAS.V4I4.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21109/KESMAS.V4I4.180","url":null,"abstract":"In February to March 2008, Bali was shocked by the outbreak of diarrhea in Karangasem District, Bali. It was recorded that 600 people were having diarrhea and 5 people were died due to the disease. This outbreak was the first time happened in Bali and the causing pathogen was not yet identified. The aim of this study was to identify the causing pathogen of diarrhea in the outbreak case in Karangasem, as well as to identify the possible transmitting pathway. The tracking of outbreak cause was carried out by analyzing water sample taken from communal clean water source, private clean water reservoir, food sample, as well as rectal swab of the patient with the combination of pathogen enrichment technique and specific PCR with Escherichia coli as the target of toxin forming agent. Based on the culture growth from food samples, it was found that 11 from 21 samples were E. coli positive. From samples that E. coli positive, 2 samples that were taken from patient’s house were detected a shiga like toxic forming gene, type I and II on the E. coli. The similar shiga like toxin forming gene type I was also detected on samples from patient and samples from water of private family cubang. This shows that E. coli that forms shiga like toxin type I was the diarrhea causing pathogen in this particular outbreak in Karangasem. Furthermore, it was found out that the ribbon formed by shiga like toxin type I and II differ from the strain of EHEC. Thus, it is possible that the strain found in Karangasem was a new strain of E. coli pathogen due to genetic transformation on shiga like toxin forming E. coli that was found in Bali. Key words : Diarrhea, Escherichia coli, shiga like toxin","PeriodicalId":367223,"journal":{"name":"Kesmas The National Journal of Public Health","volume":"2003 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128175857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.21109/KESMAS.V4I3.181
Fatmah
Urban environment which is free from fire can be created through early fire prevention and controlling efforts. The research objective was to develop community-based model in mitigation of fire preparedness. Depth interviews were conducted in the selected 30 informants at Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi cities. They came from sub-district authorities, villages, non government organizations, and Fire Government Institution staffs (Sudin Damkar). The majority of informants had familiarity with the organization, namely BALAKAR. However, its implementation had some constraints such as no provision of salary, employment status, and seasonal residents were attached to the members themselves. Consequently, many members were resigned and it was difficult to recruit new members. Type of fire prevention efforts undertaken in community were participating on fire simulation, extension, and training, and to be member of BALAKAR. However, the shapes were still scattered because each region had its own form depend on rules in society and had not yet legitimized in a national law because on regional level. The best alternative community-based model was empowering BALAKAR because of this program is still running and known by community. It was expected that the model will be accepted easily by community for being part of development programs in several areas. Later on, strong support from the community will determine the successful of BALAKAR implementation in the field. Key words : Model, empowerment, mitigation, fire
{"title":"Model Mitigasi Kebakaran Berbasis Masyarakat : Kajian Kualitatif pada Aparat Pemerintah dan LSM","authors":"Fatmah","doi":"10.21109/KESMAS.V4I3.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21109/KESMAS.V4I3.181","url":null,"abstract":"Urban environment which is free from fire can be created through early fire prevention and controlling efforts. The research objective was to develop community-based model in mitigation of fire preparedness. Depth interviews were conducted in the selected 30 informants at Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi cities. They came from sub-district authorities, villages, non government organizations, and Fire Government Institution staffs (Sudin Damkar). The majority of informants had familiarity with the organization, namely BALAKAR. However, its implementation had some constraints such as no provision of salary, employment status, and seasonal residents were attached to the members themselves. Consequently, many members were resigned and it was difficult to recruit new members. Type of fire prevention efforts undertaken in community were participating on fire simulation, extension, and training, and to be member of BALAKAR. However, the shapes were still scattered because each region had its own form depend on rules in society and had not yet legitimized in a national law because on regional level. The best alternative community-based model was empowering BALAKAR because of this program is still running and known by community. It was expected that the model will be accepted easily by community for being part of development programs in several areas. Later on, strong support from the community will determine the successful of BALAKAR implementation in the field. Key words : Model, empowerment, mitigation, fire","PeriodicalId":367223,"journal":{"name":"Kesmas The National Journal of Public Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127953224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.21109/KESMAS.V4I3.182
Lailani Fitria
Urban air pollution that have negative impact on public health is frequently related to PM10, NO2, and ozone, the reactive pollutants that could trigger internal tissue of respiratory tract through mechanism of oxidative stress and respiratory tract inflammation. Long term exposure to the pollutant related to respiratory abnormality, lung function, asthma, chronic respiratory disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Blue Sky Program is one measure for reducing air pollutant of transportation sector and has been designed since 1996. Until now, the blue sky program contribution on respiratory track disorder reduction on children has not been predicted yet, due to delay in program implementation and real activities were just been realized years after the program declaration and also due to other constraints. Researches in other countries show that air pollution control contributes significantly to the reduction of respiratory track disease among children. To achieve healthy air quality, bigger support and more active role from government, program manager and public are essentially needed. Key words : Air pollution, blue sky program
{"title":"Program Langit Biru : Kontribusi Kebijakan Pengendalian Pencemaran Udara Kota terhadap Penurunan Penyakit Pernapasan pada Anak","authors":"Lailani Fitria","doi":"10.21109/KESMAS.V4I3.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21109/KESMAS.V4I3.182","url":null,"abstract":"Urban air pollution that have negative impact on public health is frequently related to PM10, NO2, and ozone, the reactive pollutants that could trigger internal tissue of respiratory tract through mechanism of oxidative stress and respiratory tract inflammation. Long term exposure to the pollutant related to respiratory abnormality, lung function, asthma, chronic respiratory disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Blue Sky Program is one measure for reducing air pollutant of transportation sector and has been designed since 1996. Until now, the blue sky program contribution on respiratory track disorder reduction on children has not been predicted yet, due to delay in program implementation and real activities were just been realized years after the program declaration and also due to other constraints. Researches in other countries show that air pollution control contributes significantly to the reduction of respiratory track disease among children. To achieve healthy air quality, bigger support and more active role from government, program manager and public are essentially needed. Key words : Air pollution, blue sky program","PeriodicalId":367223,"journal":{"name":"Kesmas The National Journal of Public Health","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114346539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.21109/KESMAS.V4I3.183
Pujianto, Hasbullah Thabrany, B. Hidayat, M. Ong, Fitriah
Indonesia is in the second phase of tobacco epidemic shown by 23,7% of people age 10+ years are smoking. In tobacco control programs, physicians play significant roles. To know how Indonesian physicians behave in facing smoking habits, a survey to 96 practicing physicians in three clinical departments has been undertaken in Jakarta. The survey identified that only one in 50 (2,1%) physicians smoke daily. As high as 93.8% physicians know about negative impact of passive smokers, 84.4% know that low tar/nicotine has significant impact on health, 93.8% agree that physicians should be one of the role model to smoking cessation, and 95.8% agree on free smoke environment in all hospital premises. However, 66.7% physicians did not regularly asking smoking behavior of their patients and 38% did not advice patients to stop smoking. Logistic regression produce 28.4 times higher probability of physicians in Lung and Heart Clinic to ask smoking behavior of their patients as compared to physicians in Internal Medicines. The authors suggest to introduce a special continuing medical education on smoking and smoking cessation of practicing physicians. Key words : Physician, knowledge, attitude, practice, tobacco
{"title":"Praktik Dokter Terkait Perilaku Merokok Pasien","authors":"Pujianto, Hasbullah Thabrany, B. Hidayat, M. Ong, Fitriah","doi":"10.21109/KESMAS.V4I3.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21109/KESMAS.V4I3.183","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is in the second phase of tobacco epidemic shown by 23,7% of people age 10+ years are smoking. In tobacco control programs, physicians play significant roles. To know how Indonesian physicians behave in facing smoking habits, a survey to 96 practicing physicians in three clinical departments has been undertaken in Jakarta. The survey identified that only one in 50 (2,1%) physicians smoke daily. As high as 93.8% physicians know about negative impact of passive smokers, 84.4% know that low tar/nicotine has significant impact on health, 93.8% agree that physicians should be one of the role model to smoking cessation, and 95.8% agree on free smoke environment in all hospital premises. However, 66.7% physicians did not regularly asking smoking behavior of their patients and 38% did not advice patients to stop smoking. Logistic regression produce 28.4 times higher probability of physicians in Lung and Heart Clinic to ask smoking behavior of their patients as compared to physicians in Internal Medicines. The authors suggest to introduce a special continuing medical education on smoking and smoking cessation of practicing physicians. Key words : Physician, knowledge, attitude, practice, tobacco","PeriodicalId":367223,"journal":{"name":"Kesmas The National Journal of Public Health","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124245413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.21109/KESMAS.V4I3.184
Sandra Fikawati, A. Syafiq
Coverage of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was targeted by Ministry of Health RI to reach 80%. The target is very difficult to achieve. Studies showed that EBF rate in Indonesia are very low. There are various factors affecting the success or failure of EBF. This study aims at digging information on predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors associated with success of EBF in Jagakarsa community health center, South Jakarta. Design of the study is qualitative with 14 informants that is mother with infant age >6-24 months and divided based on the success of EBF implementation. Data was collected through in-depth interview and was triangulated based on data sources including midwives and husbands as well as analysis triangulation by expert. Education, knowledge, and experience are predisposing factors that influence the success of EBF, while early breastfeeding initiation is a strong enabling factor, and support from midwife acts as a strong reinforcing factor. The study also found that advertisement of formulated milk was very successful in influencing mother’s success in EBF especially for those with low education. It is suggested to increase mother’s knowledge about EBF during antenatal care and not after the delivery. Legal aspect and rules should be implemented in a stricter way and to cover both mass-media advertisement and hidden campaign through health personnel. Key words : Exclusive breastfeeding, mother’s knowledge, early breastfeeding initiation
{"title":"Penyebab Keberhasilan dan Kegagalan Praktik Pemberian ASI Eksklusif","authors":"Sandra Fikawati, A. Syafiq","doi":"10.21109/KESMAS.V4I3.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21109/KESMAS.V4I3.184","url":null,"abstract":"Coverage of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was targeted by Ministry of Health RI to reach 80%. The target is very difficult to achieve. Studies showed that EBF rate in Indonesia are very low. There are various factors affecting the success or failure of EBF. This study aims at digging information on predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors associated with success of EBF in Jagakarsa community health center, South Jakarta. Design of the study is qualitative with 14 informants that is mother with infant age >6-24 months and divided based on the success of EBF implementation. Data was collected through in-depth interview and was triangulated based on data sources including midwives and husbands as well as analysis triangulation by expert. Education, knowledge, and experience are predisposing factors that influence the success of EBF, while early breastfeeding initiation is a strong enabling factor, and support from midwife acts as a strong reinforcing factor. The study also found that advertisement of formulated milk was very successful in influencing mother’s success in EBF especially for those with low education. It is suggested to increase mother’s knowledge about EBF during antenatal care and not after the delivery. Legal aspect and rules should be implemented in a stricter way and to cover both mass-media advertisement and hidden campaign through health personnel. Key words : Exclusive breastfeeding, mother’s knowledge, early breastfeeding initiation","PeriodicalId":367223,"journal":{"name":"Kesmas The National Journal of Public Health","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124285622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-01DOI: 10.21109/KESMAS.V4I2.192
W. Adisasmito, Mega Purba Sari, Amir Su’udi, Yusi Narulita
Avian Influenza (AI) pandemic has been threatening Indonesia people and may cause human fatality as well as huge economic lost. To anticipate any loss, a careful hospital preparation needs to be measured. The objective of this research was to explore the AI referral hospital resource capacity in Jakarta to cope with AI pandemic. The hospitals involved in this resource capacity study were Dr. Sulianti Saroso Infectious Hospital, Persahabatan Hospital, and Gatot Soebroto Hospital. This cross sectional research aimed at measuring the capacity of the hospital beds, ICU, equipments, personal protective equipments (PPE) and drugs. The Radonovich formula was used in the calculation. The results showed that the resource capacity of the AI referral hospitals in Jakarta was limited, especially in the number of ICU and non ICU beds, PPE, oseltamivir antiviral, amoxicillin and normal saline if AI pandemic occurred in Jakarta. In order to increase the capacity of Jakarta for pandemic influenza preparedness, it is suggested to assign more hospitals for AI in Jakarta to consider the data of this research and the scenario planning approach. Key words : Avian influenza, pandemic, resources, referral hospital
{"title":"Menghadapi Ancaman Pandemi: Analisis Sumber Daya Rumah Sakit Rujukan Avian Influenza di Jakarta","authors":"W. Adisasmito, Mega Purba Sari, Amir Su’udi, Yusi Narulita","doi":"10.21109/KESMAS.V4I2.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21109/KESMAS.V4I2.192","url":null,"abstract":"Avian Influenza (AI) pandemic has been threatening Indonesia people and may cause human fatality as well as huge economic lost. To anticipate any loss, a careful hospital preparation needs to be measured. The objective of this research was to explore the AI referral hospital resource capacity in Jakarta to cope with AI pandemic. The hospitals involved in this resource capacity study were Dr. Sulianti Saroso Infectious Hospital, Persahabatan Hospital, and Gatot Soebroto Hospital. This cross sectional research aimed at measuring the capacity of the hospital beds, ICU, equipments, personal protective equipments (PPE) and drugs. The Radonovich formula was used in the calculation. The results showed that the resource capacity of the AI referral hospitals in Jakarta was limited, especially in the number of ICU and non ICU beds, PPE, oseltamivir antiviral, amoxicillin and normal saline if AI pandemic occurred in Jakarta. In order to increase the capacity of Jakarta for pandemic influenza preparedness, it is suggested to assign more hospitals for AI in Jakarta to consider the data of this research and the scenario planning approach. Key words : Avian influenza, pandemic, resources, referral hospital","PeriodicalId":367223,"journal":{"name":"Kesmas The National Journal of Public Health","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122138842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-01DOI: 10.21109/KESMAS.V4I2.187
S. Ronoatmodjo
The declining of children under five of age mortality has been seen over several decades. But the rate of neonatal death remains stagnant. Neonatal death is crucial if one want to decrease the under five mortality as it has been stated as the fourth goal of the Millennium Development Goals. At year 2000 there were 130 million births, among whom 4 million was died during neonatal period, which was 2/3 from the infant death. Two third of the neonatal death occurred at the first week of life and 99% happen in developing countries. The timing of maternal death mostly occurred at the end of pregnancy, at birth and within one week after delivery. Intervention of maternal and neonatal death should be done simultaneously. Evidence have showed that simple measures on community based approach are able to reduce neonatal and maternal mortality significantly. WHO and UNICEF in 2009 have made joint statement: “Home visits for the newborn child: a strategy to improve survival”. There were 7 points of recommendation that need to be addressed by countries who want to reduce neonatal mortality. Each country should look at the existing program and make necessary changes accordingly. Key words : Newborn, neonatal mortality, essential newborn care
{"title":"Kunjungan Rumah Pasca Persalinan, Sebuah Strategi Meningkatkan Kelangsungan Hidup Neonatal","authors":"S. Ronoatmodjo","doi":"10.21109/KESMAS.V4I2.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21109/KESMAS.V4I2.187","url":null,"abstract":"The declining of children under five of age mortality has been seen over several decades. But the rate of neonatal death remains stagnant. Neonatal death is crucial if one want to decrease the under five mortality as it has been stated as the fourth goal of the Millennium Development Goals. At year 2000 there were 130 million births, among whom 4 million was died during neonatal period, which was 2/3 from the infant death. Two third of the neonatal death occurred at the first week of life and 99% happen in developing countries. The timing of maternal death mostly occurred at the end of pregnancy, at birth and within one week after delivery. Intervention of maternal and neonatal death should be done simultaneously. Evidence have showed that simple measures on community based approach are able to reduce neonatal and maternal mortality significantly. WHO and UNICEF in 2009 have made joint statement: “Home visits for the newborn child: a strategy to improve survival”. There were 7 points of recommendation that need to be addressed by countries who want to reduce neonatal mortality. Each country should look at the existing program and make necessary changes accordingly. Key words : Newborn, neonatal mortality, essential newborn care","PeriodicalId":367223,"journal":{"name":"Kesmas The National Journal of Public Health","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133594035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-08-01DOI: 10.21109/KESMAS.V4I1.199
Rizanda Machmud
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory tract infection disease that becomes a major cause of death among under five years old children. In Indonesia, in 2000, pneumonia specific cause of death rate among under five children is predicted to be 4.9/ 1000. The socio-economic factor has significant contribution to respiratory tract infection. The objective of this study is to know the socioeconomic factor that affect pneumonia among under five children. The study uses cross sectional study design using secondary data of Benefit Evaluation Study (BES) II conducted by Centre for Health Research, University of Indonesia in collaboration with Intensification of Infectious Diseases Eradication Project, MOH-RI. The study sample is selected based on multilevel statistical framework from 7170 under five children in 10900 households within 27 districts in seven provinces. Analysis method used in this study is multilevel logistic regression. This study shows that the low level of socioeconomic status affect significantly the pneumonia occurrence among under five children. The risk of pneumonia among lower socioeconomic household is higher than that of the high socioeconomic household. It was found that the association was found for poor environmental factor including in-house hygienic condition after controlled by nutritional status. The pneumonia occurrence among under five children is more influenced by environmental factors than individual factors (compositional effect). It is suggested to prioritize intervention on environmental factors to eradicate respiratory tract infection. Key words : Pneumonia, socio-economic, under five years old children
{"title":"Pengaruh Kemiskinan Keluarga pada Kejadian Pneumonia Balita di Indonesia","authors":"Rizanda Machmud","doi":"10.21109/KESMAS.V4I1.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21109/KESMAS.V4I1.199","url":null,"abstract":"Pneumonia is an acute respiratory tract infection disease that becomes a major cause of death among under five years old children. In Indonesia, in 2000, pneumonia specific cause of death rate among under five children is predicted to be 4.9/ 1000. The socio-economic factor has significant contribution to respiratory tract infection. The objective of this study is to know the socioeconomic factor that affect pneumonia among under five children. The study uses cross sectional study design using secondary data of Benefit Evaluation Study (BES) II conducted by Centre for Health Research, University of Indonesia in collaboration with Intensification of Infectious Diseases Eradication Project, MOH-RI. The study sample is selected based on multilevel statistical framework from 7170 under five children in 10900 households within 27 districts in seven provinces. Analysis method used in this study is multilevel logistic regression. This study shows that the low level of socioeconomic status affect significantly the pneumonia occurrence among under five children. The risk of pneumonia among lower socioeconomic household is higher than that of the high socioeconomic household. It was found that the association was found for poor environmental factor including in-house hygienic condition after controlled by nutritional status. The pneumonia occurrence among under five children is more influenced by environmental factors than individual factors (compositional effect). It is suggested to prioritize intervention on environmental factors to eradicate respiratory tract infection. Key words : Pneumonia, socio-economic, under five years old children","PeriodicalId":367223,"journal":{"name":"Kesmas The National Journal of Public Health","volume":"25 5-6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133285280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-08-01DOI: 10.21109/KESMAS.V4I1.196
Arfah Husna, Besral
This research aimed to find out the performance of village midwife and its determinant factors. The performance of midwifery service within the Jaminan Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Masyarakat Miskin (JPKMM) program was measured by the coverage of antenatal care and coverage of trained birth attendance. The design of this study is cross sectional and data was analyzed using univariate, bivarite, and multivariate logistic regression. The population was all village midwives (137 persons) in Aceh Selatan District in the year 2007. The sample was village midwife who has at least one year work experience in a certain village and it consists of 104 persons. The result shows that the performance of village midwife is still low (56%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that the dominant factor related to good performance were no competitor, good supervision, knowledge and motivation. Factors which not associated with performance were age, marital status, employee status, domicile, number of village to be covered, attitude, reward, and education. We recommend that the District Health Office must supervise intensively and giving more reward to improve work motivation. The village midwife should improve their quality of services and implement the 3S principle (salam, senyum and sopan) and conducting home visit to provide maternal health services and to maintain good social relationship with the community. Key words : Village midwives, performance
本研究旨在了解乡村助产士的绩效及其影响因素。在Jaminan Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Masyarakat Miskin (JPKMM)项目中，助产服务的表现是通过产前护理的覆盖率和训练有素的助产服务的覆盖率来衡量的。本研究采用横断面设计，数据采用单变量、双变量和多变量逻辑回归进行分析。2007年，亚齐塞拉坦区的人口全部为村助产士(137人)。样本村助产士至少有一年的工作经验在某些村庄和它由104人。结果显示，乡村助产士的绩效仍然较低(56%)。多因素logistic回归分析证实，无竞争对手、良好的监管、知识和动机是影响优秀绩效的主导因素。与绩效无关的因素有年龄、婚姻状况、员工状况、住所、覆盖村数、态度、奖励和教育程度。我们建议区卫生局加强监督，并给予更多奖励，以提高工作积极性。村助产士应提高服务质量，落实3S原则(salam、senyum和sopan)，开展家访，提供孕产妇保健服务，并与社区保持良好的社会关系。关键词:乡村助产士;绩效
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