Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-77-78
A. V. Andreeva, G. O. Samburov, G. B. Chetskaya
.
.
{"title":"100 years since the birth of Professor M.Ya. Berdichevsky","authors":"A. V. Andreeva, G. O. Samburov, G. B. Chetskaya","doi":"10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-77-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-77-78","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":36724,"journal":{"name":"Russian Neurological Journal","volume":"1 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141804931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-71-76
M. P. Afanasyeva, E. D. Belousova, Artem Sharkov, Z. K. Gorchhanova
Thе article describes two clinical cases of alternating hemiplegia (AH) in children of the same age group, but with different severity of clinical manifestations. The first patient, along with hemiplegic and epileptic seizures, demonstrates speech, behavioral and intellectual disorders, as well as motor disorders. The second patient, despite the presence of fairly frequent hemiplegic attacks, has no motor and intellectual disorders. The exact causes of such clinical variability are not yet known, which makes it difficult to predict the course in patients with AH.
{"title":"Variability of alternating hemiplegia in children","authors":"M. P. Afanasyeva, E. D. Belousova, Artem Sharkov, Z. K. Gorchhanova","doi":"10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-71-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-71-76","url":null,"abstract":" Thе article describes two clinical cases of alternating hemiplegia (AH) in children of the same age group, but with different severity of clinical manifestations. The first patient, along with hemiplegic and epileptic seizures, demonstrates speech, behavioral and intellectual disorders, as well as motor disorders. The second patient, despite the presence of fairly frequent hemiplegic attacks, has no motor and intellectual disorders. The exact causes of such clinical variability are not yet known, which makes it difficult to predict the course in patients with AH.","PeriodicalId":36724,"journal":{"name":"Russian Neurological Journal","volume":"51 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-24-31
A. Tynterova
The purpose of this study was to assess immunological status and correlations of cytokines of diff erent groups in patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke (IS). Material and methods. 80 patients with IS (treatment group) and 20 patients with cardiovascular diseases (control group) were examined. All patients were assessed for comorbidity, cognitive function and demographic characteristics. The following were assessed in patients with IS: IS subtype, functional status using Barthel Index (BI), Ranking scale (mRS), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), neuroimaging parameters. Laboratory diagnosis included assessment of serum concentrations of interleukins, interferons, CXC- and CC-chemokines, MIF, GM-CSF and TNF-α. Statistical analyses were performed using Python and its libraries Pandas and SciPy. Results. Higher levels of IFN-γ, CXCL1, and CCL23 were determined in patients with IS. CXCL1 was found to correlate with BI, NIHSS, MoCA, foci size; IL — 6 — with BI, NIHSS, presence of diabetes, overweight; IFN-γ — with hyperlipidemia, BI, NIHSS. CCL23 levels were associated with mRS at day 14, presence of atherosclerosis, atherothrombotic subtype of IS; CCL2 — with BI, presence of atherosclerosis, leukoaraiosis, and hypertension; CXCL8 — with MoCA, NIHSS, diabetes. Conclusion. The research of the level and differential expression of cytokines in patients in the acute period of IS is an actual direction of clinical medicine. The verifi cation of cytokines CXCL1, CXCL8, CCL23, CCL2, IL-6 and IFN-γ as potential biomarkers of severity, course and outcomes of AI requires clarifi cation through further studies.
{"title":"Immunological status of patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke","authors":"A. Tynterova","doi":"10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-24-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-24-31","url":null,"abstract":" The purpose of this study was to assess immunological status and correlations of cytokines of diff erent groups in patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke (IS). Material and methods. 80 patients with IS (treatment group) and 20 patients with cardiovascular diseases (control group) were examined. All patients were assessed for comorbidity, cognitive function and demographic characteristics. The following were assessed in patients with IS: IS subtype, functional status using Barthel Index (BI), Ranking scale (mRS), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), neuroimaging parameters. Laboratory diagnosis included assessment of serum concentrations of interleukins, interferons, CXC- and CC-chemokines, MIF, GM-CSF and TNF-α. Statistical analyses were performed using Python and its libraries Pandas and SciPy. Results. Higher levels of IFN-γ, CXCL1, and CCL23 were determined in patients with IS. CXCL1 was found to correlate with BI, NIHSS, MoCA, foci size; IL — 6 — with BI, NIHSS, presence of diabetes, overweight; IFN-γ — with hyperlipidemia, BI, NIHSS. CCL23 levels were associated with mRS at day 14, presence of atherosclerosis, atherothrombotic subtype of IS; CCL2 — with BI, presence of atherosclerosis, leukoaraiosis, and hypertension; CXCL8 — with MoCA, NIHSS, diabetes. Conclusion. The research of the level and differential expression of cytokines in patients in the acute period of IS is an actual direction of clinical medicine. The verifi cation of cytokines CXCL1, CXCL8, CCL23, CCL2, IL-6 and IFN-γ as potential biomarkers of severity, course and outcomes of AI requires clarifi cation through further studies.","PeriodicalId":36724,"journal":{"name":"Russian Neurological Journal","volume":"55 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-32-40
A. R. Gasanbekova, I. P. Jastrebceva, I. K. Tomilova, E. L. Aleksahina, I. V. Abramova, O. M. Pavlova
Background. Inflammatory changes in the vascular wall play an important role in the progression of cerebral atherosclerosis and the occurrence of its complications, including stroke. The infl uence of transcranial direct current stimulation and methods of secondary prevention of stroke on the inflammatory changes in the blood that develop in the acute period of acute cerebral catastrophe has not been fully studied. Objective: to evaluate changes in blood parameters reflecting inflammatory changes in patients in the early recovery period of ischemic stroke against the background of complex rehabilitation measures, including transcranial direct current stimulation and secondary prevention measures. Material and methods. 78 patients in the early recovery period of ischemic stroke aged from 42 to 75 years (average age 59.50 [54.50; 64.50]) were examined. Patients are divided into 2 groups: 1 — transcranial direct current stimulation was used (46 people, 59.0 %), 2 — it was not used (32 people, 41.0 %). In all patients, before starting the rehabilitation course and after its completion, the blood levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, glycoprotein sCD40L, homocysteine and uric acid were determined. Results. The level of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and uric acid in patients during the rehabilitation course did not change signifi cantly, and the glycoprotein sCD40L exceeded the normative values before and after the course, decreasing during treatment in patients of group 1 (p = 0.027). The blood homocysteine concentration during the rehabilitation course was within the reference values, decreasing in patients of group 1 (p = 0.004). A statistical analysis revealed a dose-dependent relationship between taking atorvastatin and a decrease in the levels of uric acid, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen. Conclusion. A course of rehabilitation using transcranial direct current stimulation in patients in the early recovery period of stroke is accompanied by a decrease in the level of glycoprotein sCD40L and blood homocysteine. Aggressive treatment with statins is accompanied by improvements in blood C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and uric acid levels.
{"title":"Blood indices reflecting infl ammatory changes in patients undergoing rehabilitation in the early recovery period of ischemic stroke","authors":"A. R. Gasanbekova, I. P. Jastrebceva, I. K. Tomilova, E. L. Aleksahina, I. V. Abramova, O. M. Pavlova","doi":"10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-32-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-32-40","url":null,"abstract":" Background. Inflammatory changes in the vascular wall play an important role in the progression of cerebral atherosclerosis and the occurrence of its complications, including stroke. The infl uence of transcranial direct current stimulation and methods of secondary prevention of stroke on the inflammatory changes in the blood that develop in the acute period of acute cerebral catastrophe has not been fully studied. Objective: to evaluate changes in blood parameters reflecting inflammatory changes in patients in the early recovery period of ischemic stroke against the background of complex rehabilitation measures, including transcranial direct current stimulation and secondary prevention measures. Material and methods. 78 patients in the early recovery period of ischemic stroke aged from 42 to 75 years (average age 59.50 [54.50; 64.50]) were examined. Patients are divided into 2 groups: 1 — transcranial direct current stimulation was used (46 people, 59.0 %), 2 — it was not used (32 people, 41.0 %). In all patients, before starting the rehabilitation course and after its completion, the blood levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, glycoprotein sCD40L, homocysteine and uric acid were determined. Results. The level of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and uric acid in patients during the rehabilitation course did not change signifi cantly, and the glycoprotein sCD40L exceeded the normative values before and after the course, decreasing during treatment in patients of group 1 (p = 0.027). The blood homocysteine concentration during the rehabilitation course was within the reference values, decreasing in patients of group 1 (p = 0.004). A statistical analysis revealed a dose-dependent relationship between taking atorvastatin and a decrease in the levels of uric acid, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen. Conclusion. A course of rehabilitation using transcranial direct current stimulation in patients in the early recovery period of stroke is accompanied by a decrease in the level of glycoprotein sCD40L and blood homocysteine. Aggressive treatment with statins is accompanied by improvements in blood C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and uric acid levels.","PeriodicalId":36724,"journal":{"name":"Russian Neurological Journal","volume":"46 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-58-65
E. P. Nuzhnyi, L. R. Zaripova, E. J. Fedotova, R. N. Konovalov, A. S. Filatov, A. N. Moskalenko, S. Illarioshkin
Introduction. Superficial hemosiderosis of the central nervous system is a chronic, progressive disease caused by continuous low-volume bleeding into the subarachnoid space and, as a result, subpial deposition of hemoglobin de-tritus. Infratentorial superfi cial hemosiderosis (ISS) is characterized by hemosiderin accumulation primarily on the surface of the cerebellum, brainstem and spinal cord. Early detection of ISS may prevent severe disability and raise the chance of successful medical treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyze clinical, radiological, instrumental, and laboratory findings, based on a series of ISS cases diagnosed at the Research Center of Neurology. Material and methods. Seven patients diagnosed with ISS were included in this study (4 men, 3 women). Evaluation of the clinical findings, disease history, brain and spinal cord MRI, MR-angiography, brainstem auditory evoked potentials, audiometry, abdominal ultrasound, and laboratory iron metabolism tests was performed. Results. The median age of subjects was 63 years, and the median duration of disease was 3 years. We identified the cause of ISS in four patients. The most common clinical symptoms were cerebellar ataxia and sensorineural hearing loss. All patients had a typical ISS pattern on brain MRI images. Conclusion. With the development of neuroimaging, iSS is becoming a more frequent finding. Clinicians should be aware of its causes and optimal management strategy. Further studies of possible iSS treatments are needed to reduce free iron neurotoxicity and minimize clinical manifestations of the disease.
简介中枢神经系统浅表性血色素沉着病是一种慢性、进行性疾病，是由于蛛网膜下腔持续低量出血，导致血红蛋白脱睾酮在皮下沉积而引起的。脑底超级血红蛋白沉着症（ISS）的特点是血红蛋白主要积聚在小脑、脑干和脊髓表面。早期发现 ISS 可预防严重残疾，并提高成功治疗的几率。 本研究的目的是根据神经病学研究中心诊断出的一系列 ISS 病例，对临床、放射学、仪器和实验室结果进行分析。 材料和方法本研究共纳入 7 名确诊为 ISS 的患者（4 男 3 女）。研究人员对患者的临床表现、病史、脑和脊髓磁共振成像、磁共振血管造影、脑干听觉诱发电位、听力测定、腹部超声波以及实验室铁代谢测试进行了评估。 结果显示受试者的中位年龄为 63 岁，中位病程为 3 年。我们确定了四名患者的 ISS 病因。最常见的临床症状是小脑共济失调和感音神经性听力损失。所有患者的脑部核磁共振成像均显示出典型的 ISS 模式。 结论随着神经影像学的发展，ISS越来越常见。临床医生应了解其病因和最佳治疗策略。需要进一步研究可能的 iSS 治疗方法，以减少游离铁的神经毒性，并尽量减轻该病的临床表现。
{"title":"Infratentorial superficial hemosiderosis","authors":"E. P. Nuzhnyi, L. R. Zaripova, E. J. Fedotova, R. N. Konovalov, A. S. Filatov, A. N. Moskalenko, S. Illarioshkin","doi":"10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-58-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-58-65","url":null,"abstract":" Introduction. Superficial hemosiderosis of the central nervous system is a chronic, progressive disease caused by continuous low-volume bleeding into the subarachnoid space and, as a result, subpial deposition of hemoglobin de-tritus. Infratentorial superfi cial hemosiderosis (ISS) is characterized by hemosiderin accumulation primarily on the surface of the cerebellum, brainstem and spinal cord. Early detection of ISS may prevent severe disability and raise the chance of successful medical treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyze clinical, radiological, instrumental, and laboratory findings, based on a series of ISS cases diagnosed at the Research Center of Neurology. Material and methods. Seven patients diagnosed with ISS were included in this study (4 men, 3 women). Evaluation of the clinical findings, disease history, brain and spinal cord MRI, MR-angiography, brainstem auditory evoked potentials, audiometry, abdominal ultrasound, and laboratory iron metabolism tests was performed. Results. The median age of subjects was 63 years, and the median duration of disease was 3 years. We identified the cause of ISS in four patients. The most common clinical symptoms were cerebellar ataxia and sensorineural hearing loss. All patients had a typical ISS pattern on brain MRI images. Conclusion. With the development of neuroimaging, iSS is becoming a more frequent finding. Clinicians should be aware of its causes and optimal management strategy. Further studies of possible iSS treatments are needed to reduce free iron neurotoxicity and minimize clinical manifestations of the disease.","PeriodicalId":36724,"journal":{"name":"Russian Neurological Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-49-57
M. Prokudin, I. Litvinenko, B. V. Martynov, E. N. Imyanitov, E. S. Saitova, D. V. Svistov, O. Klitsenko, E. Klimenkova
The objectives of surgical treatment of patients with diff use brain gliomas include achieving control over epileptic seizures and improving quality of life, in addition to prolonging relapse-free period and life duration. The aim of the research is to study the factors that determine the eff ectiveness of epilepsy surgery in patients with diffuse brain gliomas. Material and methods. The study group comprised 104 patients with diff use brain gliomas, aged 41.21 ± 14.74. Results of author’s research. Clinical, neuroimaging and morphological factors were studied. Of the studied group of 104 patients with diffuse brain gliomas who had been diagnosed with epilepsy prior to surgery, the remission of 6 months after surgery was achieved in 58 (55.77 %) patients and of 12 months in 55 (52.88 %) patients. The development of acute symptomatic epileptic seizures (p = 0.68067) and acute symptomatic status epilepticus (p = 0.41626) in post-operative period do not determine the outcomes of epilepsy surgery. Neither the histological subtype of the diffuse brain gliomas, nor the molecular-genetic factor (IDH1/2 mutation, 1p/19q codeletion) determines the outcomes of epilepsy surgery in this patient category. The group of antiepileptic medications or the medication regimen (monotherapy, two-drug therapy) also does not determine the surgery outcomes. The factors that determine a favorable outcome of surgical treatment for epilepsy in patients with diff use brain gliomas are complete tumor removal and involvement of brain commissures after magnetic resonance imaging before surgery. Conclusion. The effectiveness of epilepsy surgery is determined by the radical removal of the diff use brain glioma, thereby eliminating the glutamate-mediated mechanisms of epileptogenesis.
{"title":"Outcomes of epilepsy surgery in patients with diffuse gliomas of the brain","authors":"M. Prokudin, I. Litvinenko, B. V. Martynov, E. N. Imyanitov, E. S. Saitova, D. V. Svistov, O. Klitsenko, E. Klimenkova","doi":"10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-49-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-49-57","url":null,"abstract":" The objectives of surgical treatment of patients with diff use brain gliomas include achieving control over epileptic seizures and improving quality of life, in addition to prolonging relapse-free period and life duration. The aim of the research is to study the factors that determine the eff ectiveness of epilepsy surgery in patients with diffuse brain gliomas. Material and methods. The study group comprised 104 patients with diff use brain gliomas, aged 41.21 ± 14.74. Results of author’s research. Clinical, neuroimaging and morphological factors were studied. Of the studied group of 104 patients with diffuse brain gliomas who had been diagnosed with epilepsy prior to surgery, the remission of 6 months after surgery was achieved in 58 (55.77 %) patients and of 12 months in 55 (52.88 %) patients. The development of acute symptomatic epileptic seizures (p = 0.68067) and acute symptomatic status epilepticus (p = 0.41626) in post-operative period do not determine the outcomes of epilepsy surgery. Neither the histological subtype of the diffuse brain gliomas, nor the molecular-genetic factor (IDH1/2 mutation, 1p/19q codeletion) determines the outcomes of epilepsy surgery in this patient category. The group of antiepileptic medications or the medication regimen (monotherapy, two-drug therapy) also does not determine the surgery outcomes. The factors that determine a favorable outcome of surgical treatment for epilepsy in patients with diff use brain gliomas are complete tumor removal and involvement of brain commissures after magnetic resonance imaging before surgery. Conclusion. The effectiveness of epilepsy surgery is determined by the radical removal of the diff use brain glioma, thereby eliminating the glutamate-mediated mechanisms of epileptogenesis.","PeriodicalId":36724,"journal":{"name":"Russian Neurological Journal","volume":"66 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-66-70
E. Skripchenko, V. Karev, N. Skripchenko, К. Markova, А. I. Konev, I. B. Petrov, А. V. Golubeva
The post-pandemic COVID-19 period is characterized by the growth of bacterial infection with septic cause. And different infectious diseases show new specific features in patients with high level of SARS-Cov-2 antibodies. The role of antibody level is not proved. The article presents a clinical observation of a patient with a complicated course of chickenpox, due to an attached bacterial streptococcal infection with a septic course, which led to a fatal outcome.
{"title":"Specific features of actual infectious diseases in postpandemic period","authors":"E. Skripchenko, V. Karev, N. Skripchenko, К. Markova, А. I. Konev, I. B. Petrov, А. V. Golubeva","doi":"10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-66-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-66-70","url":null,"abstract":" The post-pandemic COVID-19 period is characterized by the growth of bacterial infection with septic cause. And different infectious diseases show new specific features in patients with high level of SARS-Cov-2 antibodies. The role of antibody level is not proved. The article presents a clinical observation of a patient with a complicated course of chickenpox, due to an attached bacterial streptococcal infection with a septic course, which led to a fatal outcome.","PeriodicalId":36724,"journal":{"name":"Russian Neurological Journal","volume":"45 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-16-23
T. V. Shchukina, G. N. Bisaga, V. Malko, M. Topuzova, K. A. Tolochko, A. Y. Dadatsky, T. M. Alekseeva
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune infl ammatory demyelinating neurodegenerative disabling disease of the central nervous system of multifactorial genesis. In the initial stages of remitting multiple sclerosis, autoimmune inflammation prevails with alternation of exacerbations and remissions, but, subsequently, progressive neurodegeneration develops, which underlies the persistent disability of patients. The transition of remitting multiple sclerosis into a secondary progressive form is a critical factor for long-term prognosis and makes it necessary to find accurate biomarkers, predictors of the risk of transformation of MS. One such marker is the thickness of the nerve fiber layer and ganglion cells, as well as the condition of the retinal microvasculature, which is easily verifi ed by optical coherence tomography (OCT), a non-invasive method that allows for real-time retinal segmentation in the axial plane. The aim of this review is to discuss the results achieved in the study and application OCT of the retina as a potential imaging biomarker of multiple sclerosis progression.
{"title":"Optical coherence retinal tomography as a prognostic biomarker of multiple sclerosis progression","authors":"T. V. Shchukina, G. N. Bisaga, V. Malko, M. Topuzova, K. A. Tolochko, A. Y. Dadatsky, T. M. Alekseeva","doi":"10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-16-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-16-23","url":null,"abstract":" Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune infl ammatory demyelinating neurodegenerative disabling disease of the central nervous system of multifactorial genesis. In the initial stages of remitting multiple sclerosis, autoimmune inflammation prevails with alternation of exacerbations and remissions, but, subsequently, progressive neurodegeneration develops, which underlies the persistent disability of patients. The transition of remitting multiple sclerosis into a secondary progressive form is a critical factor for long-term prognosis and makes it necessary to find accurate biomarkers, predictors of the risk of transformation of MS. One such marker is the thickness of the nerve fiber layer and ganglion cells, as well as the condition of the retinal microvasculature, which is easily verifi ed by optical coherence tomography (OCT), a non-invasive method that allows for real-time retinal segmentation in the axial plane. The aim of this review is to discuss the results achieved in the study and application OCT of the retina as a potential imaging biomarker of multiple sclerosis progression.","PeriodicalId":36724,"journal":{"name":"Russian Neurological Journal","volume":"71 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141812958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-5-15
K. S. Kucherova, E. Koroleva, V. M. Alifirova
Modern understanding of the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke has expanded due to the study of neuroinfl ammation processes, in which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role. This literature review describes the main types of MMPs and provides current data on the pathophysiological role of this group of proteases in acute cerebral ischemia, which have multidirectional eff ects depending on the stage of the disease. Clinical studies assessing the role of MMPs in ischemic stroke are in most cases based on experimental models, and their results are ambiguous, which is determined by the versatility of their actions. MMPs are an important regulator of infl ammatory processes, the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and, as a consequence, cerebral edema. However, the positive eff ect of MMPs in the processes of angiogenesis, neurogenesis and neuroplasticity has been proven. Thus, further study of MMPs is relevant from the point of view of their role in functional recovery after ischemic stroke.
{"title":"The role of matrix metalloproteinases in the pathogenetic mechanisms of ischemic stroke","authors":"K. S. Kucherova, E. Koroleva, V. M. Alifirova","doi":"10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-5-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-3-5-15","url":null,"abstract":" Modern understanding of the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke has expanded due to the study of neuroinfl ammation processes, in which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role. This literature review describes the main types of MMPs and provides current data on the pathophysiological role of this group of proteases in acute cerebral ischemia, which have multidirectional eff ects depending on the stage of the disease. Clinical studies assessing the role of MMPs in ischemic stroke are in most cases based on experimental models, and their results are ambiguous, which is determined by the versatility of their actions. MMPs are an important regulator of infl ammatory processes, the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and, as a consequence, cerebral edema. However, the positive eff ect of MMPs in the processes of angiogenesis, neurogenesis and neuroplasticity has been proven. Thus, further study of MMPs is relevant from the point of view of their role in functional recovery after ischemic stroke.","PeriodicalId":36724,"journal":{"name":"Russian Neurological Journal","volume":"108 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141812382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-1-52-58
E. V. Mandra, O. E. Zinov’yeva, G. G. Toropina
The article presents a long-term catamnestic observation (15 years) of a patient with Landau–Kleff ner syndrome (LCS), in its debut manifested by epileptic paroxysms, total aphasia, cognitive and behavioral impairment, on EEG spike-wave complexes. MRI in epileptic mode was without pathology. He received levetiracetam and hormone therapy (glucocorticosteroids, ACTH analogues) with regression of epileptic seizures and epileptic discharges on EEG and pronounced positive dynamics of speech and other cognitive functions. After 15 years, the patient had a confi dent cognitive defi cit, speech disorders were almost absent.
{"title":"Landau–Kleff ner syndrome","authors":"E. V. Mandra, O. E. Zinov’yeva, G. G. Toropina","doi":"10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-1-52-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-1-52-58","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a long-term catamnestic observation (15 years) of a patient with Landau–Kleff ner syndrome (LCS), in its debut manifested by epileptic paroxysms, total aphasia, cognitive and behavioral impairment, on EEG spike-wave complexes. MRI in epileptic mode was without pathology. He received levetiracetam and hormone therapy (glucocorticosteroids, ACTH analogues) with regression of epileptic seizures and epileptic discharges on EEG and pronounced positive dynamics of speech and other cognitive functions. After 15 years, the patient had a confi dent cognitive defi cit, speech disorders were almost absent.","PeriodicalId":36724,"journal":{"name":"Russian Neurological Journal","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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