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Meningococcal Surveillance Australia: Reporting period 1 July to 30 September 2023. 澳大利亚脑膜炎球菌监测:报告期:2023 年 7 月 1 日至 9 月 30 日。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: https://doi.org/cdi.2024.48.22
Monica M Lahra, Tiffany R Hogan

Abstract: The reference laboratories of the Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme (AMSP) report data on the number of cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) confirmed by laboratory testing using culture and molecular based techniques. Data contained in quarterly reports are restricted to a description of case numbers of IMD by jurisdiction and serogroup, where known. A full analysis of laboratory confirmations of IMD in each calendar year are contained in the AMSP annual reports.

摘要:澳大利亚脑膜炎球菌监测计划(AMSP)的参考实验室利用培养和分子技术报告经实验室检测确诊的侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病(IMD)病例数数据。季度报告中包含的数据仅限于按辖区和已知血清群描述侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病病例数。AMSP 年度报告中载有对每个日历年实验室确诊的侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病的全面分析。
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引用次数: 0
Meningococcal Surveillance Australia: Reporting period 1 April to 30 June 2023. 澳大利亚脑膜炎球菌监测:报告期为 2023 年 4 月 1 日至 6 月 30 日。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: https://doi.org/cdi.2024.48.21
Monica M Lahra, Prashanthi Sai Krishnan, Tiffany R Hogan

Abstract: The reference laboratories of the Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme (AMSP) report data on the number of cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) confirmed by laboratory testing using culture and molecular based techniques. Data contained in quarterly reports are restricted to a description of case numbers of IMD by jurisdiction and serogroup, where known. A full analysis of laboratory confirmations of IMD in each calendar year are contained in the AMSP annual reports.

摘要:澳大利亚脑膜炎球菌监测计划(AMSP)的参考实验室利用培养和分子技术报告经实验室检测确诊的侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病(IMD)病例数数据。季度报告中包含的数据仅限于按辖区和已知血清群描述侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病病例数。AMSP 年度报告中载有对每个日历年实验室确诊的侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病的全面分析。
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引用次数: 0
Meningococcal Surveillance Australia: Reporting period 1 October to 31 December 2023. 澳大利亚脑膜炎球菌监测:报告期:2023 年 10 月 1 日至 12 月 31 日。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2024.48.23
Monica M Lahra, Tiffany R Hogan

Abstract: The reference laboratories of the Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme (AMSP) report data on the number of cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) confirmed by laboratory testing using culture and molecular based techniques. Data contained in quarterly reports are restricted to a description of case numbers of IMD by jurisdiction and serogroup, where known. A full analysis of laboratory confirmations of IMD in each calendar year are contained in the AMSP annual reports.

摘要:澳大利亚脑膜炎球菌监测计划(AMSP)的参考实验室利用培养和分子技术报告经实验室检测确诊的侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病(IMD)病例数数据。季度报告中包含的数据仅限于按辖区和已知血清群描述侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病病例数。AMSP 年度报告中载有对每个日历年实验室确诊的侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病的全面分析。
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引用次数: 0
Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme, 1 October to 31 December 2023. 澳大利亚淋球菌监测计划,2023 年 10 月 1 日至 12 月 31 日。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: https://doi.org/cdi.2024.48.15
Monica M Lahra, Sebastiaan van Hal, Tiffany R Hogan

Abstract: The Australian National Neisseria Network (NNN) comprises reference laboratories in each state and territory that report data on antimicrobial susceptibility testing to an agreed group of antimicrobial agents for the Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme (AGSP). The AGSP data are presented quarterly in tabulated form, as well as in the AGSP annual report. This report presents national gonococcal antimicrobial resistance surveillance data from 1 October to 31 December 2023.

摘要:澳大利亚国家奈瑟氏菌网络(NNN)由各州和地区的参考实验室组成,这些实验室为澳大利亚淋球菌监测计划(AGSP)报告一组商定的抗菌剂的抗菌药敏感性测试数据。AGSP 数据以表格形式按季度公布,并在 AGSP 年度报告中公布。本报告介绍了 2023 年 10 月 1 日至 12 月 31 日的全国淋球菌抗菌药耐药性监测数据。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 Australia: Epidemiology Report 80: Reporting period ending 22 October 2023. COVID-19 澳大利亚:流行病学报告 80:报告期截至 2023 年 10 月 22 日。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2024.48.3

This is the eightieth epidemiological report for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reported in Australia as at 23:59 Australian Eastern Daylight Time [AEST] 22 October 2023. It includes data on COVID-19 cases diagnosed in Australia and the international situation.

这是截至澳大利亚东部夏令时间[AEST]2023 年 10 月 22 日 23:59 的第八十份 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)流行病学报告。报告包括澳大利亚确诊的 COVID-19 病例数据和国际情况。
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引用次数: 0
A cluster of leptospirosis cases associated with crocodile workers in the Northern Territory, Australia, 2022. 2022年澳大利亚北领地与鳄鱼工人有关的钩端螺旋体病聚集性病例。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2023.47.70
Astrid M Stark, Michael Nohrenberg, Anthony DK Draper, Kimberley E McMahon, Thalia A Hewitt, Kelly Lomas, Vicki L Krause

Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic waterborne disease endemic in tropical and subtropical climates. Outbreaks have been observed in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia. We briefly described the epidemiology of leptospirosis in the NT between 2012 and 2022, and undertook an investigation of a cluster of three leptospirosis cases observed in crocodile workers between January and December 2022 in the Top End of the NT. A descriptive case series was conducted to investigate the cluster; all three cases were male and non-Aboriginal with a median age of 46.5 years; none took chemoprophylaxis; only one of the three cases reported wearing appropriate protective attire; all reported receiving limited to no education about personal protective measures from their associated workplaces. Higher than average rainfall in both February and December 2022 likely contributed to the increased risk of infection in those months. Changing climate patterns are likely to result in more frequent periods of heavy rain, and risk of contracting leptospirosis in the NT may increase, particularly for those who work in wet and muddy conditions. Promoting the use of protective workplace clothing and equipment, the use of waterproof dressings for skin abrasions, regular hand hygiene, and the consideration of chemoprophylaxis in certain circumstances may prevent future cases.

钩端螺旋体病是一种在热带和亚热带气候中流行的世界性人畜共患水媒疾病。在澳大利亚北领地(NT)已观察到疫情。我们简要描述了2012年至2022年北北省钩端螺旋体病的流行病学,并对2022年1月至12月北北省上端鳄鱼工人中观察到的3例钩端螺旋体病聚集性病例进行了调查。3例均为男性,非原住民,中位年龄46.5岁;没有人服用化学预防药物;据报告,三个病例中只有一个穿着适当的防护服;所有人都报告说,他们从相关工作场所接受的个人防护措施教育有限,甚至没有。2022年2月和12月的降雨量都高于平均水平,这可能是导致这两个月感染风险增加的原因。不断变化的气候模式可能会导致更频繁的暴雨,在北部地区感染钩端螺旋体病的风险可能会增加,特别是那些在潮湿和泥泞的条件下工作的人。提倡使用工作场所防护服和设备,对皮肤擦伤使用防水敷料,定期保持手部卫生,并在某些情况下考虑化学预防,可能会预防未来的病例。
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引用次数: 0
Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) Australian Enterococcal Surveillance Outcome Program (AESOP) Bloodstream Infection Annual Report 2022. 澳大利亚肠道球菌监测结果计划(AESOP)血流感染年度报告2022。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2023.47.68
Geoffrey W Coombs, Denise A Daley, Princy Shoby, Shakeel Mowlaboccus

From 1 January to 31 December 2022, fifty-five institutions across Australia participated in the Australian Enterococcal Surveillance Outcome Program (AESOP). The aim of AESOP 2022 was to determine the proportion of enterococcal bacteraemia isolates in Australia that were antimicrobial resistant, and to characterise the molecular epidemiology of the Enterococcus faecium isolates. Of the 1,535 unique episodes of enterococcal bacteraemia investigated, 92.8% were caused by either E. faecalis (52.9%) or E. faecium (39.9%). Ampicillin and vancomycin resistance were not detected in E. faecalis but were detected in 95.4% and 46.9% of E. faecium respectively. One E. faecalis isolate, with a daptomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8.0 mg/L, harboured the F478L GdpD mutation. One E. faecium with a daptomycin MIC of 24.0 mg/L harboured the A20D Cls mutation; both mutations are known to be associated with daptomycin resistance. Two E. faecium isolates, one with a linezolid MIC ≥ 256 mg/L and the other with a linezolid MIC of 16 mg/L, harboured the 23S rRNA G2576T mutation, a mutation associated with linezolid resistance in enterococci. Overall, 48.8% of E. faecium harboured either the vanA or the vanB gene, of which 28.0% harboured vanA and 72.0% harboured vanB. The percentage of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium bacteraemia isolates in Australia remains substantially higher than that recorded in most European countries. The E. faecium isolates consisted of 62 multi-locus sequence types (STs); 85.5% of isolates were classified into eight major STs each containing ten or more isolates. All major STs belonged to clonal complex (CC) 17, a major hospital-adapted polyclonal E. faecium cluster. The major STs (ST17, ST78, ST80, ST117, ST555, ST796, ST1421, and ST1424) were each found across most regions of Australia. The predominant ST was ST17, which was identified in all regions. Overall, 53.7% of isolates belonging to the eight major STs harboured the vanA or vanB gene. AESOP 2022 has shown that enterococcal bacteraemia episodes in Australia are frequently caused by polyclonal ampicillin-resistant high-level gentamicin resistant vanA- or vanB-positive E. faecium which have limited treatment options.

从2022年1月1日至12月31日,澳大利亚55个机构参加了澳大利亚肠球菌监测结果计划(AESOP)。AESOP 2022的目的是确定澳大利亚具有抗菌素耐药性的肠球菌菌血症分离株的比例,并表征粪肠球菌分离株的分子流行病学特征。在调查的1535例肠球菌菌血症中,92.8%由粪肠球菌(52.9%)或粪肠球菌(39.9%)引起。未检出氨苄西林和万古霉素耐药,但检出率分别为95.4%和46.9%。一株达托霉素最低抑制浓度(MIC)为8.0 mg/L的粪肠球菌分离物携带F478L GdpD突变。一种达托霉素MIC为24.0 mg/L的粪肠杆菌携带A20D Cls突变;已知这两种突变都与达托霉素耐药性有关。两株大肠杆菌分离株(一株利奈唑胺MIC≥256 mg/L,另一株利奈唑胺MIC为16 mg/L)携带23S rRNA G2576T突变,该突变与肠球菌耐利奈唑胺相关。总体而言,48.8%的粪肠杆菌携带vanA或vanB基因,其中28.0%携带vanA基因,72.0%携带vanB基因。澳大利亚耐万古霉素的粪肠杆菌菌血症分离株的百分比仍然大大高于大多数欧洲国家的记录。分离的粪肠杆菌包括62个多位点序列类型(STs);85.5%的菌株被划分为8个主要STs,每个STs含有10个或更多的菌株。所有主要STs属于克隆复合体(CC) 17,这是一个主要的医院适应的多克隆粪肠杆菌群。主要的STs (ST17、ST78、ST80、ST117、ST555、ST796、ST1421和ST1424)分布在澳大利亚的大部分地区。优势ST为ST17,在所有地区均有发现。总体而言,属于8个主要STs的分离株中有53.7%含有vanA或vanB基因。AESOP 2022显示,澳大利亚肠球菌菌血症事件经常由多克隆耐氨苄西林高水平耐庆大霉素的vanA-或vanb阳性屎肠杆菌引起,治疗选择有限。
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引用次数: 0
A five-year analysis of latent tuberculosis infection in Queensland, 2016-2020. 2016-2020年昆士兰州潜伏性结核病感染的五年分析
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2023.47.71
Marguerite Dalmau, Chris Coulter, Bridget O'Connor, Jennifer Robson, Emma Field, Stephen Lambert

Background Australia is aiming to reach tuberculosis pre-elimination targets by 2035. As a low-incidence setting, control efforts will increasingly rely on the management of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). We undertook this descriptive analysis to assess the recent trends of LTBI testing in Queensland. Methods Our objective was to describe the features of LTBI testing in Queensland, and to estimate the range of possible annual notifications were it to be made a notifiable condition. We collated both state-wide and region-specific data on tuberculin skin testing (TST) and interferon gamma release assays (IGRA) conducted in Queensland during the five-year period 1 January 2016 - 31 December 2020. We used reports on Medicare-funded TST and IGRA testing in Queensland, as well as tuberculosis notification data, to understand the representativeness of our data and to derive state-wide estimates. Results We analysed 3,899 public TST, 5,463 private TST, 37,802 public pathology IGRA, and 31,656 private pathology IGRA results. The median age of people tested was 31 years; 57% of those tested were female. From our data sources, an annual average of 1,067 positive IGRA and 354 positive TST results occurred in Queensland. Building on this minimum value, we estimate possible latent tuberculosis notifications in Queensland could range from 2,901 to 6,995 per annum. Private laboratory TSTs are estimated to contribute the lowest number of potential notifications (range: 170-340), followed by private laboratory IGRA testing (range: 354-922), public laboratory IGRA testing (range: 706-1,138), and public setting TSTs (range: 1,671-4,595). Conclusion If LTBI were to be made notifiable, these estimates would place it among the ten most notified conditions in Queensland. This has implications for potential surveillance methods and goals, and their associated system and resource requirements.

澳大利亚的目标是到2035年实现结核病消除前目标。作为一个低发病率的环境,控制工作将越来越依赖于潜伏性结核感染(LTBI)的管理。我们进行了描述性分析,以评估昆士兰州LTBI测试的最新趋势。方法我们的目标是描述昆士兰州LTBI检测的特征,并估计可能的年度报告范围,如果将其作为应报告的条件。我们整理了2016年1月1日至2020年12月31日五年期间在昆士兰州进行的结核菌素皮肤试验(TST)和干扰素γ释放试验(IGRA)的全州和区域特定数据。我们使用昆士兰州医疗保险资助的TST和IGRA测试报告,以及结核病通知数据,来了解我们数据的代表性,并得出全州范围的估计。结果共分析了3899例公共TST、5463例私人TST、37802例公共病理IGRA和31656例私人病理IGRA结果。受测者的年龄中位数为31岁;57%的受测者是女性。从我们的数据来源来看,昆士兰州每年平均有1,067例IGRA阳性和354例TST阳性结果。以这个最小值为基础,我们估计昆士兰州每年可能的潜伏性结核病报告可能在2,901至6,995之间。据估计,私立化验室检验sts的潜在呈报数量最少(范围:170-340),其次是私立化验室IGRA测试(范围:354-922)、公共化验室IGRA测试(范围:706-1,138)和公共场所检验sts(范围:1,671-4,595)。如果LTBI是可通报的,这些估计将使其成为昆士兰州十大通报最多的条件之一。这对潜在的监测方法和目标及其相关的系统和资源需求具有影响。
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引用次数: 0
Meningococcal Surveillance Australia - Reporting period 1 January to 31 March 2023. 澳大利亚脑膜炎球菌监测-报告期为2023年1月1日至3月31日。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2023.47.59
Monica M Lahra, Tiffany R Hogan
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引用次数: 0
Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) Australian Gram-negative Surveillance Outcome Program (GnSOP) Bloodstream Infection Annual Report 2022. 澳大利亚抗微生物药物耐药性小组(琼脂)澳大利亚革兰氏阴性监测结果计划(GnSOP)血流感染年度报告2022。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2023.47.69
Jan M Bell, Alicia Fajardo Lubian, Sally R Partridge, Thomas Gottlieb, Jennifer Robson, Jonathan R Iredell, Denise A Daley, Geoffrey W Coombs

The Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) performs regular period-prevalence studies to monitor changes in antimicrobial resistance in selected enteric gram-negative pathogens. The 2022 survey was the tenth year to focus on blood stream infections caused by Enterobacterales, and the eighth year where Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species were included. Fifty-five hospitals Australia-wide participated in 2022. The 2022 survey tested 9,739 isolates, comprising Enterobacterales (8,773; 90.1%), P. aeruginosa (840; 8.6%) and Acinetobacter species (126; 1.3%), using commercial automated methods. The results were analysed using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints (January 2023). Key resistances included resistance to the third-generation cephalosporin ceftriaxone in 12.7%/12.7% (CLSI/EUCAST criteria) of Escherichia coli and in 6.6%/6.6% of Klebsiella pneumoniae complex. Resistance rates to ciprofloxacin were 13.7%/13.7% for E. coli; 7.8%/7.8% for K. pneumoniae complex; 5.3%/5.3% for Enterobacter cloacae complex; and 4.3%/10.0% for P. aeruginosa. Resistance rates to piperacillin-tazobactam were 2.8%/5.9%; 2.9%/8.7%; 18.3%/27.2%; and 6.1%/14.7% for the same four species, respectively. Twenty-nine Enterobacterales isolates from 28 patients were shown to harbour a carbapenemase gene: 18 blaIMP-4; four blaNDM-5; three blaNDM-1; one blaOXA-181; one blaOXA-244; one blaNDM-1 + blaOXA-181; and one blaNDM-5 + blaOXA-181. Transmissible carbapenemase genes were also detected among two Acinetobacter baumannii complex isolates (blaOXA-23) and one P. aeruginosa (blaNDM-1) in the 2022 survey.

澳大利亚抗微生物药物耐药性小组(琼脂)定期开展流行病学研究,以监测选定肠道革兰氏阴性病原体的抗微生物药物耐药性变化。2022年的调查是关注肠杆菌引起的血流感染的第10年,也是铜绿假单胞菌和不动杆菌物种被纳入调查的第8年。2022年,全澳大利亚共有55家医院参与。2022年的调查检测了9739株分离物,包括肠杆菌(8773;90.1%),铜绿假单胞菌(840;8.6%)和不动杆菌种类(126;1.3%),使用商业自动化方法。使用临床和实验室标准协会(CLSI)和欧洲抗菌药物敏感性试验委员会(EUCAST)断点(2023年1月)对结果进行分析。主要耐药性包括对第三代头孢菌素头孢曲松的耐药性,12.7%/12.7% (CLSI/EUCAST标准)的大肠杆菌和6.6%/6.6%的肺炎克雷伯菌复合物。大肠杆菌对环丙沙星的耐药率为13.7%/13.7%;肺炎克雷伯菌复合体7.8%/7.8%;阴沟肠杆菌复合体5.3%/5.3%;P. aeruginosa为4.3%/10.0%。哌拉西林-他唑巴坦耐药率分别为2.8%/5.9%;2.9% / 8.7%;18.3% / 27.2%;同一种属的比例分别为6.1%/14.7%。从28例患者中分离的29株肠杆菌显示含有碳青霉烯酶基因:18株blaIMP-4;四个blaNDM-5;三个blaNDM-1;一个blaoxa - 181;一个blaoxa - 244;1个blaNDM-1 + blaOXA-181;1个blaNDM-5 + blaOXA-181。在2022年的调查中,2株鲍曼不动杆菌复合菌(blaOXA-23)和1株铜绿假单胞菌(blaNDM-1)中也检测到可传播的碳青霉烯酶基因。
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引用次数: 0
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Communicable diseases intelligence (2018)
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