Pub Date : 2021-06-23DOI: 10.1039/9781839162596-00001
Hang Luo, Sheng Chen, Ru Guo, Xuefan Zhou, Dou Zhang
Polymer-based capacitors have found a wide range of applications, including pulse power weapons, power transmission, transformation engineering, and 5G communication due to their high power density, fast charge and discharge speed, and long cycle life. Polymer-based composites with two-dimensional (2D) fillers often exhibit high breakdown strength, low dielectric loss, and high energy density. This chapter provides an overview of the latest developments with regard to the synthesis method of 2D nanoplatelets, the classification of polymer/2D nanoplatelet composites, and the role of the intrinsic properties of anisotropic nanoplatelets for composite design. The design strategies of 2D nanocomposites for dielectric and high energy storage properties are discussed in detail. Finite element simulation and phase-field simulation are used to determine the polarisation and electric filed distribution in the composites, and provide guidance for material design. The incorporation of 2D nanoplatelets into polymers is demonstrated as an effective route to achieve high energy density capacitors. Finally, the outlook and future perspectives for high-κ ceramic/polymer composites are presented.
{"title":"Chapter 1. 2D High-κ Dielectric Ceramic Nanoplatelets for Polymer Nanocomposite Capacitors","authors":"Hang Luo, Sheng Chen, Ru Guo, Xuefan Zhou, Dou Zhang","doi":"10.1039/9781839162596-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781839162596-00001","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer-based capacitors have found a wide range of applications, including pulse power weapons, power transmission, transformation engineering, and 5G communication due to their high power density, fast charge and discharge speed, and long cycle life. Polymer-based composites with two-dimensional (2D) fillers often exhibit high breakdown strength, low dielectric loss, and high energy density. This chapter provides an overview of the latest developments with regard to the synthesis method of 2D nanoplatelets, the classification of polymer/2D nanoplatelet composites, and the role of the intrinsic properties of anisotropic nanoplatelets for composite design. The design strategies of 2D nanocomposites for dielectric and high energy storage properties are discussed in detail. Finite element simulation and phase-field simulation are used to determine the polarisation and electric filed distribution in the composites, and provide guidance for material design. The incorporation of 2D nanoplatelets into polymers is demonstrated as an effective route to achieve high energy density capacitors. Finally, the outlook and future perspectives for high-κ ceramic/polymer composites are presented.","PeriodicalId":368967,"journal":{"name":"Two-dimensional Inorganic Nanomaterials for Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites","volume":"127 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120883016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-23DOI: 10.1039/9781839162596-00129
Hang Zhao, D. He, J. Bai
Due to their outstanding intrinsic functional properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and CNT-loaded composites have received intensive investigations in recent decades. The overall electrical conducting property of a composite is closely dependent on the dispersion, inherent electrical conductivity and interfacial interaction with the matrix of CNTs. However, owing to their high aspect ratio and intensive surface interaction, CNTs are hard to disperse homogeneously in polymer-based matrices. Amongst the ways of solving this issue, that of designing a reasonable CNT array hybrid construction could be a promising solution, without changing the inherent features of CNTs and the CNT–matrix interfacial chemical structure. In order to elevate both the intrinsic electrical conductivity of the hybrid and the construction efficiency of the conductive network in the matrix, a typical graphite nanoplatelet–carbon nanotube hybrid (GCH) was prepared. This chapter first outlines recent representative research developments in the microstructure, synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials and GCHs, and then summarises general strategies to optimise CNT dispersion in the matrix; moreover, concentrating on the crucial issues in dielectric and electrically conducting functional polymer-based composites. Possible regulation mechanisms of GCHs on the polymer crystalline structure, microcapacitor network development, conductive network construction and the overall electrical functional properties of the composites are analysed. Finally, a relatively comprehensive summary and several perspectives are provided to propose the critical challenges that need further research in this promising field.
{"title":"Chapter 4. Graphite Nanoplatelet–Carbon Nanotube Hybrids for Electrical Conducting Polymer Composites","authors":"Hang Zhao, D. He, J. Bai","doi":"10.1039/9781839162596-00129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781839162596-00129","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their outstanding intrinsic functional properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and CNT-loaded composites have received intensive investigations in recent decades. The overall electrical conducting property of a composite is closely dependent on the dispersion, inherent electrical conductivity and interfacial interaction with the matrix of CNTs. However, owing to their high aspect ratio and intensive surface interaction, CNTs are hard to disperse homogeneously in polymer-based matrices. Amongst the ways of solving this issue, that of designing a reasonable CNT array hybrid construction could be a promising solution, without changing the inherent features of CNTs and the CNT–matrix interfacial chemical structure. In order to elevate both the intrinsic electrical conductivity of the hybrid and the construction efficiency of the conductive network in the matrix, a typical graphite nanoplatelet–carbon nanotube hybrid (GCH) was prepared. This chapter first outlines recent representative research developments in the microstructure, synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials and GCHs, and then summarises general strategies to optimise CNT dispersion in the matrix; moreover, concentrating on the crucial issues in dielectric and electrically conducting functional polymer-based composites. Possible regulation mechanisms of GCHs on the polymer crystalline structure, microcapacitor network development, conductive network construction and the overall electrical functional properties of the composites are analysed. Finally, a relatively comprehensive summary and several perspectives are provided to propose the critical challenges that need further research in this promising field.","PeriodicalId":368967,"journal":{"name":"Two-dimensional Inorganic Nanomaterials for Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128563388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-23DOI: 10.1039/9781839162596-00052
Yu Chen, P. Jiang, J. Kong, Xingyi Huang
Boron nitride nanoplatelets (BNNP) have great potential for the improvement of the thermal conductivity of polymers due to their ultra-high thermal conductivity and excellent insulation properties. Herein, we provide a review on surface engineering of BNNP and their applications in polymer composites. This chapter begins with the introduction of the structural features and properties of BNNP. The preparation methods of BNNP are classified as ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ approaches. BNNP can be further chemically modified by introducing different functional groups onto the surface in order to improve compatibility between the BNNP and the polymer matrices. Thermally conductive polymer composites based on BNNP have developed rapidly from the development of novel preparation methods and the design of sophisticated internal microstructures.
{"title":"Chapter 2. Surface Engineering of Boron Nitride Nanoplatelets for Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Polymers","authors":"Yu Chen, P. Jiang, J. Kong, Xingyi Huang","doi":"10.1039/9781839162596-00052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781839162596-00052","url":null,"abstract":"Boron nitride nanoplatelets (BNNP) have great potential for the improvement of the thermal conductivity of polymers due to their ultra-high thermal conductivity and excellent insulation properties. Herein, we provide a review on surface engineering of BNNP and their applications in polymer composites. This chapter begins with the introduction of the structural features and properties of BNNP. The preparation methods of BNNP are classified as ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ approaches. BNNP can be further chemically modified by introducing different functional groups onto the surface in order to improve compatibility between the BNNP and the polymer matrices. Thermally conductive polymer composites based on BNNP have developed rapidly from the development of novel preparation methods and the design of sophisticated internal microstructures.","PeriodicalId":368967,"journal":{"name":"Two-dimensional Inorganic Nanomaterials for Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128356524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-23DOI: 10.1039/9781839162596-00204
Vidyanand Vijayakumar, Meena Ghosh, P. Samantaray, Sreekumar Kurungot, M. Winter, J. Nair
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been used for various electrochemical applications, especially in lithium-based batteries (LBs). They have been employed as anodes, cathodes, and electrolyte components. The major classes of 2D nanomaterials, namely ionically conducting anionic- and cationic-layered clays, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMCs), graphene, boron nitrides (BNs), MXenes, and phosphorene have been employed as fillers in polymer electrolytes (PEs). In this respect, this chapter will shine a light on the various types of polymer composite electrolytes (PCEs) that have been investigated so far as Li+-ion-conducting electrolyte membranes, as well as electrode surface protection layers in LBs. Additionally, this chapter will provide a summary of such PE systems as separator/electrolyte membranes in LBs. The first section will introduce the LBs, and the subsequent sections are dedicated to discussions on various types of electrolyte and the significance of PEs. The last section is focused on PCEs based on 2D nanomaterials as fillers and their application as separators and surface protection layers in rechargeable LBs.
{"title":"Chapter 5. 2D Nanomaterial-based Polymer Composite Electrolytes for Lithium-based Batteries","authors":"Vidyanand Vijayakumar, Meena Ghosh, P. Samantaray, Sreekumar Kurungot, M. Winter, J. Nair","doi":"10.1039/9781839162596-00204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781839162596-00204","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been used for various electrochemical applications, especially in lithium-based batteries (LBs). They have been employed as anodes, cathodes, and electrolyte components. The major classes of 2D nanomaterials, namely ionically conducting anionic- and cationic-layered clays, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMCs), graphene, boron nitrides (BNs), MXenes, and phosphorene have been employed as fillers in polymer electrolytes (PEs). In this respect, this chapter will shine a light on the various types of polymer composite electrolytes (PCEs) that have been investigated so far as Li+-ion-conducting electrolyte membranes, as well as electrode surface protection layers in LBs. Additionally, this chapter will provide a summary of such PE systems as separator/electrolyte membranes in LBs. The first section will introduce the LBs, and the subsequent sections are dedicated to discussions on various types of electrolyte and the significance of PEs. The last section is focused on PCEs based on 2D nanomaterials as fillers and their application as separators and surface protection layers in rechargeable LBs.","PeriodicalId":368967,"journal":{"name":"Two-dimensional Inorganic Nanomaterials for Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133444252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1039/9781839162596-00099
J. Kong, Yan Song, Lei Wang, B. Xu
{"title":"Chapter 3. Transition Metal Carbide (MXene)–Polymer Nanocomposites","authors":"J. Kong, Yan Song, Lei Wang, B. Xu","doi":"10.1039/9781839162596-00099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781839162596-00099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":368967,"journal":{"name":"Two-dimensional Inorganic Nanomaterials for Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122466392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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