Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54180
Ashrith, S., Chandrashekhar, S, Manjunath Gowda, . Chikkalingaiah, Naveen, D. V
A field experiment was conducted during 2022-2023 at Department of Sericulture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru to study the growth and development of mulberry when irrigated with various proportions of reeling effluent and borewell water along with recommended doses of NPK and FYM. Five treatments were laid out in RCBD with four replications. Among all the treatments application of 100 per cent reeling effluent for irrigation to mulberry plant has recorded the highest growth parameters on 30, 45 and 60 DAP, viz., number of shoots (20.25, 23.65 and 28.05 No.), mean shoot length (49.74, 109.32 and 137.32 cm), plant height (138.23, 197.47 and 225.47 cm), internodal distance (5.01, 5.49 and 5.73 cm), number of leaves (185.80, 424.40 and 542.90 No.), leaf area (105.21, 204.33 and 219.33 cm2) and leaf yield (940.94 g/plant and 58.07 tonnes/ha/yr on 60 DAP, respectively) compare to control. An overview of the study revealed that 100 per cent reeling effluent has significantly improved the growth and yield parameters of mulberry.
{"title":"Impact of Reeling Effluent Irrigation on Growth and Yield of V1 Mulberry Variety","authors":"Ashrith, S., Chandrashekhar, S, Manjunath Gowda, . Chikkalingaiah, Naveen, D. V","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54180","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during 2022-2023 at Department of Sericulture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru to study the growth and development of mulberry when irrigated with various proportions of reeling effluent and borewell water along with recommended doses of NPK and FYM. Five treatments were laid out in RCBD with four replications. Among all the treatments application of 100 per cent reeling effluent for irrigation to mulberry plant has recorded the highest growth parameters on 30, 45 and 60 DAP, viz., number of shoots (20.25, 23.65 and 28.05 No.), mean shoot length (49.74, 109.32 and 137.32 cm), plant height (138.23, 197.47 and 225.47 cm), internodal distance (5.01, 5.49 and 5.73 cm), number of leaves (185.80, 424.40 and 542.90 No.), leaf area (105.21, 204.33 and 219.33 cm2) and leaf yield (940.94 g/plant and 58.07 tonnes/ha/yr on 60 DAP, respectively) compare to control. An overview of the study revealed that 100 per cent reeling effluent has significantly improved the growth and yield parameters of mulberry.","PeriodicalId":369402,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140965484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54179
Antara Sharma, Utpal Kotoky, Bhabesh Deka, Bhabesh Gogoi, Kaushik Das
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the growth characters and leaf nutrient content of low-chilling apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) under the effect of different nutrient levels in Assam. Three low-chilling varieties viz. HRMN-99, Dorsett Golden and Anna were grown for this purpose subjected to different nutrients levels comprising of FYM applied alone or in combination with NPK doses. Obtained results revealed that HRMN-99 registered the highest significant plant height (179.76 cm), stem girth (9.91 cm), leaf area (63.34 cm2) and leaf area index (2.42) at the end of season. Amongst various nutrient levels, the application of 5 kg FYM+ 150 g urea+ 210g SSP+ 120 g MOP/plants showed superior performance in terms of plant height (192.03 cm), stem girth (11.30 cm), number of branches (17.25), leaf area (69.38 cm2) and leaf area index (2.61). Analysis of leaf nutritional status revealed that the variety HRMN-99 and nutrient application of 5 kg FYM+ 150 g urea+ 210g SSP+ 120 g MOP/plants showed impressive results in terms of leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Thus, the variety HRMN-99 at nutrient level of 5 kg FYM+ 150 g urea+ 210g SSP+ 120 g MOP/plant proved to be promising for apple cultivation under Assam condition.
本研究旨在评估阿萨姆邦低寒苹果（Malus x domestica Borkh.）在不同养分水平影响下的生长特征和叶片养分含量。为此种植了三个低寒苹果品种，即 HRMN-99、Dorsett Golden 和 Anna，并对其施加了不同的养分水平，包括单独施用或与氮磷钾剂量结合施用的堆肥。结果表明，HRMN-99 在季末的株高（179.76 厘米）、茎围（9.91 厘米）、叶面积（63.34 平方厘米）和叶面积指数（2.42）均最高。在各种营养水平中，施用 5 千克 FYM+150 克尿素+210 克 SSP+120 克 MOP/株的植株在株高（192.03 厘米）、茎围（11.30 厘米）、分枝数（17.25）、叶面积（69.38 平方厘米）和叶面积指数（2.61）方面表现优异。对叶片营养状况的分析表明，在叶片氮、磷、钾、钙和镁方面，品种 HRMN-99 和施用 5 kg FYM+150 g 尿素+210g SSP+120 g 澳门美高梅/株的养分效果显著。因此，在阿萨姆邦条件下，营养水平为 5 kg FYM+ 150 g 脲+ 210g SSP+ 120 g MOP/株的品种 HRMN-99 被证明对苹果种植很有前景。
{"title":"Growth Performance of Low Chilling Varieties of Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) under the Influence of Different Nutrient Levels in Assam, India","authors":"Antara Sharma, Utpal Kotoky, Bhabesh Deka, Bhabesh Gogoi, Kaushik Das","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54179","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the growth characters and leaf nutrient content of low-chilling apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) under the effect of different nutrient levels in Assam. Three low-chilling varieties viz. HRMN-99, Dorsett Golden and Anna were grown for this purpose subjected to different nutrients levels comprising of FYM applied alone or in combination with NPK doses. Obtained results revealed that HRMN-99 registered the highest significant plant height (179.76 cm), stem girth (9.91 cm), leaf area (63.34 cm2) and leaf area index (2.42) at the end of season. Amongst various nutrient levels, the application of 5 kg FYM+ 150 g urea+ 210g SSP+ 120 g MOP/plants showed superior performance in terms of plant height (192.03 cm), stem girth (11.30 cm), number of branches (17.25), leaf area (69.38 cm2) and leaf area index (2.61). Analysis of leaf nutritional status revealed that the variety HRMN-99 and nutrient application of 5 kg FYM+ 150 g urea+ 210g SSP+ 120 g MOP/plants showed impressive results in terms of leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Thus, the variety HRMN-99 at nutrient level of 5 kg FYM+ 150 g urea+ 210g SSP+ 120 g MOP/plant proved to be promising for apple cultivation under Assam condition.","PeriodicalId":369402,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"19 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140966845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54178
Aquinas Kofi Ayertey, T. Adongo, R. Dogbey
Fresh water resource is one of the most significant natural assets of a country. Irrigation dams are usually used for irrigation purposes and also often serve as a source of water for domestic use. Due to this, there is a need for proper maintenance, assessment, and sustainable use of irrigation dams. This study assessed the physicochemical properties of the water in the reservoir of Bontanga irrigation dam situated in the Guinea Savannah Agro-Ecological Zone of Ghana. The study assessed four (4) physical and fourteen (14) chemical water quality parameters of the water for irrigation to know whether they are within the acceptable threshold set by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Sampling techniques used in this study were stratified and purposive samplings. The reservoir of the dam was divided into nine (9) strata and in each stratum, 5 samples were taken making a total of 45 samples. Samples taken in each strata were composited making it a total of 9 samples. The water samples were collected into well-labelled polythene bottles and kept in an ice chest with ice cubes. The samples were transported to the Ecological Laboratory of the University of Ghana for analysis. The parameters analyzed were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, total dissolved solutes (TDS), chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO42-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), carbonate, PO4-P, nitrites/nitrate (NO3-N), total dissolved solids (TDS), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+), boron, total alkalinity, ammonia (NH4-N) and potassium (K+). A greater percentage of the results obtained were within acceptable limits except potassium which was slightly higher. This could be the result of farming activities in the catchment of the dam. In general, the water in Bontanga irrigation dam can be considered suitable for irrigation purposes.
{"title":"Physicochemical Characteristics of Water in the Bontanga Irrigation Dam in the Guinea Savannah Agro-Ecological Zone of Ghana","authors":"Aquinas Kofi Ayertey, T. Adongo, R. Dogbey","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54178","url":null,"abstract":"Fresh water resource is one of the most significant natural assets of a country. Irrigation dams are usually used for irrigation purposes and also often serve as a source of water for domestic use. Due to this, there is a need for proper maintenance, assessment, and sustainable use of irrigation dams. This study assessed the physicochemical properties of the water in the reservoir of Bontanga irrigation dam situated in the Guinea Savannah Agro-Ecological Zone of Ghana. The study assessed four (4) physical and fourteen (14) chemical water quality parameters of the water for irrigation to know whether they are within the acceptable threshold set by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Sampling techniques used in this study were stratified and purposive samplings. The reservoir of the dam was divided into nine (9) strata and in each stratum, 5 samples were taken making a total of 45 samples. Samples taken in each strata were composited making it a total of 9 samples. The water samples were collected into well-labelled polythene bottles and kept in an ice chest with ice cubes. The samples were transported to the Ecological Laboratory of the University of Ghana for analysis. The parameters analyzed were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, total dissolved solutes (TDS), chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO42-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), carbonate, PO4-P, nitrites/nitrate (NO3-N), total dissolved solids (TDS), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+), boron, total alkalinity, ammonia (NH4-N) and potassium (K+). A greater percentage of the results obtained were within acceptable limits except potassium which was slightly higher. This could be the result of farming activities in the catchment of the dam. In general, the water in Bontanga irrigation dam can be considered suitable for irrigation purposes.","PeriodicalId":369402,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"73 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54177
Anambattu Joshna, Kangujam Bokado, .. Barkha
Green manuring is an economical and eco-friendly scientific approach to achieve more resilient and sustainable food production for agricultural systems. Incorporation of green manure improves soil condition by increasing soil physical, chemical and biological properties such as organic matter, availability of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and also improves soil structure by preventing soil erosion, increasing water holding capacity etc. Green manure acts as a natural fertilizer, releasing nutrients into the soil as it decomposes and increases the nutrient content in the soil and shows positive effect on plant growth and development. Addition of green manure crops contribute to greater fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, and when decomposed, makes the nitrogen availability in the soil, reducing the need for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in crops. Furthermore, it has a significant impact on several plant growth and yield parameters, resulting in increased agricultural productivity and ecosystem health.
{"title":"Green Manure for Sustainable Crop Production: A Review","authors":"Anambattu Joshna, Kangujam Bokado, .. Barkha","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54177","url":null,"abstract":"Green manuring is an economical and eco-friendly scientific approach to achieve more resilient and sustainable food production for agricultural systems. Incorporation of green manure improves soil condition by increasing soil physical, chemical and biological properties such as organic matter, availability of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and also improves soil structure by preventing soil erosion, increasing water holding capacity etc. Green manure acts as a natural fertilizer, releasing nutrients into the soil as it decomposes and increases the nutrient content in the soil and shows positive effect on plant growth and development. Addition of green manure crops contribute to greater fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, and when decomposed, makes the nitrogen availability in the soil, reducing the need for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in crops. Furthermore, it has a significant impact on several plant growth and yield parameters, resulting in increased agricultural productivity and ecosystem health.","PeriodicalId":369402,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54176
Yamuna N, Mahantesh R Nayak, Rakesh N
Groundwater is an essential resource, but it is becoming increasingly scarce and depleting rapidly, particularly in Karnataka. As a result, groundwater markets have emerged as an alternative strategy to manage this limited resource more efficiently and equitably. These markets enable farmers who cannot afford water extraction machinery to access irrigation. This article, aims to study present status of groundwater markets, temporal depletion of water table, groundwater security, economics and factors affecting water trade in Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka, mainly to compare with the results obtained in the past study [1] to analyze changes in scenario and have historical lessons. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select farmers, who were then categorized into water sellers, self-users, and buyers. Primary data was collected through a structured, pre-tested schedule and analysed using descriptive and logit regression analysis. Results show that unlike earlier study, buyers in present study owned wells. Depth of borewells has increased (overall 44%), resulting in increased drilling, deepening, and pumping costs. Very few farmers (8%) acknowledged over-extraction from their farms could also contribute to groundwater insecurity. While studying economics it was found that perennial crops had the highest economic rents (260, 610Rs/hr for sellers and buyers).Reason for participation in water market has shifted from no investment capacity to water scarcity compared to earlier study. So farmers could be motivated to participate in water markets instead of relying on new wells during water shortages to encourage optimal water use and reduce negative externalities like increasing wells.
{"title":"Groundwater Marketing Dynamics in Northern Dry Zone Farms of Karnataka: A Comparative Study (2006 to 2021)","authors":"Yamuna N, Mahantesh R Nayak, Rakesh N","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54176","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater is an essential resource, but it is becoming increasingly scarce and depleting rapidly, particularly in Karnataka. As a result, groundwater markets have emerged as an alternative strategy to manage this limited resource more efficiently and equitably. These markets enable farmers who cannot afford water extraction machinery to access irrigation. This article, aims to study present status of groundwater markets, temporal depletion of water table, groundwater security, economics and factors affecting water trade in Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka, mainly to compare with the results obtained in the past study [1] to analyze changes in scenario and have historical lessons. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select farmers, who were then categorized into water sellers, self-users, and buyers. Primary data was collected through a structured, pre-tested schedule and analysed using descriptive and logit regression analysis. Results show that unlike earlier study, buyers in present study owned wells. Depth of borewells has increased (overall 44%), resulting in increased drilling, deepening, and pumping costs. Very few farmers (8%) acknowledged over-extraction from their farms could also contribute to groundwater insecurity. While studying economics it was found that perennial crops had the highest economic rents (260, 610Rs/hr for sellers and buyers).Reason for participation in water market has shifted from no investment capacity to water scarcity compared to earlier study. So farmers could be motivated to participate in water markets instead of relying on new wells during water shortages to encourage optimal water use and reduce negative externalities like increasing wells.","PeriodicalId":369402,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54175
Samriti Verma, Pankaj Verma, Animesh Ghosh Bag, N. M. Changade
Harmful contaminants generating from industry, agricultural and human activity are causing the degradation of soil health, along with detrimental effects on human and the environment. It is imperative to safeguard the soil from these dangerous pollutants by using soil remediation techniques that may be effective breakdown these dangerous toxins. A sustainable approach to remediate the soil from different contaminants is bioremediation. Bioremediation is a method where microbes are used to alleviate soil pollution effectively. Natural microorganisms like fungus, bacteria, and algae are employed in the bioremediation process to break down heavy metal (lead, arsenic, chromium etc.) or organic based. chemical contaminants. This study examines the use of microorganisms and various bioremediation methods, including genetic engineering, nanotechnology, and electro bioremediation, for recovering polluted soil. This investigation clarified the challenges associated with applying these bioremediation technologies and microorganisms, as well as their effects on the ecosystem and inherent soil microbial population. The goal of this current study is to illustrate the various technologies which are more effective in this remediation process.
{"title":"Reviewing Soil Contaminant Remediation Techniques","authors":"Samriti Verma, Pankaj Verma, Animesh Ghosh Bag, N. M. Changade","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54175","url":null,"abstract":"Harmful contaminants generating from industry, agricultural and human activity are causing the degradation of soil health, along with detrimental effects on human and the environment. It is imperative to safeguard the soil from these dangerous pollutants by using soil remediation techniques that may be effective breakdown these dangerous toxins. A sustainable approach to remediate the soil from different contaminants is bioremediation. Bioremediation is a method where microbes are used to alleviate soil pollution effectively. Natural microorganisms like fungus, bacteria, and algae are employed in the bioremediation process to break down heavy metal (lead, arsenic, chromium etc.) or organic based. chemical contaminants. This study examines the use of microorganisms and various bioremediation methods, including genetic engineering, nanotechnology, and electro bioremediation, for recovering polluted soil. This investigation clarified the challenges associated with applying these bioremediation technologies and microorganisms, as well as their effects on the ecosystem and inherent soil microbial population. The goal of this current study is to illustrate the various technologies which are more effective in this remediation process.","PeriodicalId":369402,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"29 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140982817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54172
Navyashree R, Mummigatti Uv, Nethra P, Basavaraj B, Hanamaratti Ng
The study aimed to identify drought-tolerant sorghum genotypes by evaluating twenty sorghum genotypes over two Rabi seasons (2021-22 and 2022-23) under irrigated and rainfed conditions using a split plot design. Results showed that moisture stress significantly affected sorghum performance, including leaf and stem dry matter accumulation, grain yield per plant, stover yield, and harvest index. Among the genotypes, BJV-44 and M-35-1 exhibited the least decline in grain yield per plant under rainfed conditions, with yields of 76.17 and 73.50 g/plant, respectively, compared to irrigated conditions. Conversely, genotypes M 148-138 and Tandur L experienced the most significant reductions in grain yield per plant under rainfed conditions. Basavana pada exhibited the highest harvest index. The study concluded that BJV-44 and M-35-1 are drought-tolerant sorghum genotypes with relatively higher grain yields per plant under rainfed conditions, providing valuable insights into sorghum genotype performance and resource utilization in drought-prone regions.
该研究采用分小区设计，在灌溉和雨养条件下，对 20 个高粱基因型进行了两季（2021-22 和 2022-23）的评估，旨在确定耐旱高粱基因型。结果表明，水分胁迫对高粱的表现有明显影响，包括叶片和茎干物质积累、单株谷物产量、秸秆产量和收获指数。与灌溉条件相比，雨养条件下 BJV-44 和 M-35-1 的单株谷物产量下降幅度最小，分别为 76.17 克/株和 73.50 克/株。相反，在雨水灌溉条件下，基因型 M 148-138 和 Tandur L 的单株谷物产量下降最为显著。Basavana pada 的收获指数最高。研究认为，BJV-44 和 M-35-1 是耐旱高粱基因型，在雨水灌溉条件下单株谷物产量相对较高，为干旱易发地区高粱基因型的表现和资源利用提供了宝贵的启示。
{"title":"Evaluating the Effects of Drought Stress on Biomass and Yield Traits in Sorghum Genotypes","authors":"Navyashree R, Mummigatti Uv, Nethra P, Basavaraj B, Hanamaratti Ng","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54172","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to identify drought-tolerant sorghum genotypes by evaluating twenty sorghum genotypes over two Rabi seasons (2021-22 and 2022-23) under irrigated and rainfed conditions using a split plot design. Results showed that moisture stress significantly affected sorghum performance, including leaf and stem dry matter accumulation, grain yield per plant, stover yield, and harvest index. Among the genotypes, BJV-44 and M-35-1 exhibited the least decline in grain yield per plant under rainfed conditions, with yields of 76.17 and 73.50 g/plant, respectively, compared to irrigated conditions. Conversely, genotypes M 148-138 and Tandur L experienced the most significant reductions in grain yield per plant under rainfed conditions. Basavana pada exhibited the highest harvest index. The study concluded that BJV-44 and M-35-1 are drought-tolerant sorghum genotypes with relatively higher grain yields per plant under rainfed conditions, providing valuable insights into sorghum genotype performance and resource utilization in drought-prone regions.","PeriodicalId":369402,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140993455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54174
Ejike Okoli, I. Nwaogazie, Ejikeme Ugwoha
This study investigated the seasonal variations in physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, and petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater samples collected in nine locations in Bonny Island, Rivers State Nigeria. The water samples for the dry season were collected in December and January while for the wet season, water samples were collected in July and October. A quantitative approach was employed, involving the collection of quantitative data through field sampling and laboratory analysis. Physicochemical parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient levels, were measured using standard analytical techniques. Heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Cd, etc.) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while petroleum hydrocarbons (total hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) were analyzed through solvent extraction and gas chromatography techniques. The study revealed significant seasonal variations in several parameters, with notable significant decreases in phosphate during the wet season and significant increases in chromium and cadmium levels during the dry season (p-value < 0.05). Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations also exhibited seasonal fluctuations, potentially influenced by precipitation patterns, oil and gas activities, and accidental spills or leaks which were observed during the dry season.
{"title":"Seasonal Variation of Groundwater Quality in Bonny Island, Rivers State Nigeria","authors":"Ejike Okoli, I. Nwaogazie, Ejikeme Ugwoha","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54174","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the seasonal variations in physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, and petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater samples collected in nine locations in Bonny Island, Rivers State Nigeria. The water samples for the dry season were collected in December and January while for the wet season, water samples were collected in July and October. A quantitative approach was employed, involving the collection of quantitative data through field sampling and laboratory analysis. Physicochemical parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient levels, were measured using standard analytical techniques. Heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Cd, etc.) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while petroleum hydrocarbons (total hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) were analyzed through solvent extraction and gas chromatography techniques. The study revealed significant seasonal variations in several parameters, with notable significant decreases in phosphate during the wet season and significant increases in chromium and cadmium levels during the dry season (p-value < 0.05). Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations also exhibited seasonal fluctuations, potentially influenced by precipitation patterns, oil and gas activities, and accidental spills or leaks which were observed during the dry season.","PeriodicalId":369402,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":" 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140991722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dependency of ground water is rising day by day. The ground water gets recharged mainly through rainfall. Thirty five water samples were collected from Parambikulam Aliyar Palar basin from open wells, bore wells and dug cum bore wells and analysed for chemical properties such as pH, Electrical Conductivity, cations and anions for two years duration (2020 and 2021) at three months interval (summer, winter, southwest monsoon, northeast monsoon) and analysed for the quality parameters. T Electrical conductivity values were ranged from 0.3 to 5.19 dsm-1, 0.29 to 6.80 dsm-1 0.3 to 6.84 dsm-1 and 0.64 to 4.17 dsm-1 during south west, north east, winter and summer seasons of 2020, respectively. The salt content was slightly increased during winter and summers seasons as compared to south west and north east. he samples were classified under USSL classification. Most of the samples come under medium salinity class (C2) (48.57%) followed by low salinity class (C1), high salinity class (C4) and very high salinity class (C3) with 28.57, 14.29 and 8.57 per cent respectively in all the seasons. Majority of the samples exhibit there is no permeability hazard. Salinity persists in the basin and possibility of salt accumulation in irrigation pipes observed from LSI values. Using remote sensing and GIS technique, the mapping was done for the groundwater quality of PAP basin. The variations in the ground water quality of the basin are directly positively correlated with rainfall pattern and geology of the basin. For effective utilization of saline water in the basin, management strategies were formulated and field experiments were conducted in the farmer’s holdings in the sampling area of the basin.
{"title":"Groundwater Quality Status of the Parambikulam Aliyar Palar Basin, Tamil Nadu, India Using RS and GIS Techniques","authors":"Palanisamy Jothimani, Chidamparam Poornachandhra, Govindaraj Kamalam Dinesh, Shanmugam Vinothkanna, Koothan Vanitha, Paravel Nishanth","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54173","url":null,"abstract":"The dependency of ground water is rising day by day. The ground water gets recharged mainly through rainfall. Thirty five water samples were collected from Parambikulam Aliyar Palar basin from open wells, bore wells and dug cum bore wells and analysed for chemical properties such as pH, Electrical Conductivity, cations and anions for two years duration (2020 and 2021) at three months interval (summer, winter, southwest monsoon, northeast monsoon) and analysed for the quality parameters. T Electrical conductivity values were ranged from 0.3 to 5.19 dsm-1, 0.29 to 6.80 dsm-1 0.3 to 6.84 dsm-1 and 0.64 to 4.17 dsm-1 during south west, north east, winter and summer seasons of 2020, respectively. The salt content was slightly increased during winter and summers seasons as compared to south west and north east. he samples were classified under USSL classification. Most of the samples come under medium salinity class (C2) (48.57%) followed by low salinity class (C1), high salinity class (C4) and very high salinity class (C3) with 28.57, 14.29 and 8.57 per cent respectively in all the seasons. Majority of the samples exhibit there is no permeability hazard. Salinity persists in the basin and possibility of salt accumulation in irrigation pipes observed from LSI values. Using remote sensing and GIS technique, the mapping was done for the groundwater quality of PAP basin. The variations in the ground water quality of the basin are directly positively correlated with rainfall pattern and geology of the basin. For effective utilization of saline water in the basin, management strategies were formulated and field experiments were conducted in the farmer’s holdings in the sampling area of the basin.","PeriodicalId":369402,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140991954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54171
Okoroafor, Okechukwu Ucheje, Obiageli, Jacinta Okolo, Okonma, Mark Chukwueloka
Climate change is seen as a statistical variation that persists for an extended period, frequently for as long as a decade or more. Moreover, the issue of climate change which has gained global attention poses a serious threat to developing economy like Nigeria, which is characterized by widespread poverty as a result of economic instability. It is against this backdrop that this research is aimed at investigating the effect of climate change on Nigerian economic sustainability. The research made use of Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL)/bond test approach and OLS estimation technique, while data for the period of 1990-2020 was collected. Changes in average temperature and carbon emission were used to capture climate change, while variation in exchange rate and agricultural production were used as control variables. The result of the analysis showed that the goodness-of-fit (R-Square) is 0.998. This means that 99.8% of the changes in the dependent variable (GDP) can be explained by the changes in the independent variables (CEM, AGRIC, EXR, TEMP). The annual speed of adjustment from short run to long run relationship is 34%. At F-statistic = 195.8052 and P value = 0.000, the model is statistically significant at 1% level. The results of the analysis further demonstrated that both in long-run and short-run, carbon emissions adversely affect Nigerian economic sustainability. Additionally, average atmospheric temperature was significantly related to sustainability of Nigerian economy in the short run. It was concluded that environmental stakeholders as well as Nigerian government should develop and enforce policies to reduce carbon emissions and forest depletion. Also, efforts should be made by government towards ensuring that policies that are environmentally friendly are made that can encourage agricultural production in order to reduce import of agricultural produce, thereby boosting economic growth.
{"title":"Effect of Climate Change on Nigerian Economic Sustainability","authors":"Okoroafor, Okechukwu Ucheje, Obiageli, Jacinta Okolo, Okonma, Mark Chukwueloka","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i54171","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is seen as a statistical variation that persists for an extended period, frequently for as long as a decade or more. Moreover, the issue of climate change which has gained global attention poses a serious threat to developing economy like Nigeria, which is characterized by widespread poverty as a result of economic instability. It is against this backdrop that this research is aimed at investigating the effect of climate change on Nigerian economic sustainability. The research made use of Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL)/bond test approach and OLS estimation technique, while data for the period of 1990-2020 was collected. Changes in average temperature and carbon emission were used to capture climate change, while variation in exchange rate and agricultural production were used as control variables. The result of the analysis showed that the goodness-of-fit (R-Square) is 0.998. This means that 99.8% of the changes in the dependent variable (GDP) can be explained by the changes in the independent variables (CEM, AGRIC, EXR, TEMP). The annual speed of adjustment from short run to long run relationship is 34%. At F-statistic = 195.8052 and P value = 0.000, the model is statistically significant at 1% level. The results of the analysis further demonstrated that both in long-run and short-run, carbon emissions adversely affect Nigerian economic sustainability. Additionally, average atmospheric temperature was significantly related to sustainability of Nigerian economy in the short run. It was concluded that environmental stakeholders as well as Nigerian government should develop and enforce policies to reduce carbon emissions and forest depletion. Also, efforts should be made by government towards ensuring that policies that are environmentally friendly are made that can encourage agricultural production in order to reduce import of agricultural produce, thereby boosting economic growth.","PeriodicalId":369402,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":" 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140991857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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