Received : 04.01.2017 Accepted : 02.04.2017 Activity index (AI) value characterizes the relationship between the plasticity index and clay content. In this study, AI value was investigated to determine whether it might be used as an indicator of soil structural stability or not. The AI values of 75 soil samples gave the significant negative correlations with their dispersion ratio (DR), soil erodibility factors (K) and erosion ratios (ER). Also, the AI values of the soils including clay and sandy clay loam textural class showed significant positive correlation with soil structural stability index (SSI). It seems that the AI value may be used as an indicator of soil structural stability.
{"title":"Clay activity index as an indicator of soil erodibility","authors":"N. Özdemi̇r, C. Gülser","doi":"10.18393/ejss.304519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.304519","url":null,"abstract":"Received : 04.01.2017 Accepted : 02.04.2017 Activity index (AI) value characterizes the relationship between the plasticity index and clay content. In this study, AI value was investigated to determine whether it might be used as an indicator of soil structural stability or not. The AI values of 75 soil samples gave the significant negative correlations with their dispersion ratio (DR), soil erodibility factors (K) and erosion ratios (ER). Also, the AI values of the soils including clay and sandy clay loam textural class showed significant positive correlation with soil structural stability index (SSI). It seems that the AI value may be used as an indicator of soil structural stability.","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"307-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44764499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University to study the influence of different irrigation systems on root length density and specific root length of maize and cowpea plants cultivated in sandy soil. Three irrigation systems (Surface, drip and sprinkler irrigation) were used in this study. The NPK fertilizers were applied as recommended doses for maize and cowpea. Root samples were collected from the soil profile below one plant (maize and cowpea) which was irrigated by the three irrigation systems by using an iron box (30 cm × 20 cm) which is divided into 24 small boxes each box is (5 × 5 × 5 cm). At surface irrigation, root length density of cowpea reached to soil depth 30-40cm with lateral distances 5-10 cm and 15-20 cm. Vertical distribution of root length density of maize was increased with soil depth till 20-25 cm, and then it decreased till soil depth 35-40cm. Under drip irrigation, root length density of cowpea increased horizontally from 0-5cm to 10-15cm then it decreased till soil depth 25-30 cm and below this depth root length density disappeared. For the root length density and specific root length of maize under drip irrigation, the data showed that root length density and specific root length decreased with increasing in soil depth. The root length density of cowpea under sprinkler irrigation at 0-5cm disappeared from horizontal distance at 25-30 cm. The data showed that root length density of maize under sprinkler irrigation was higher at the soil top layers 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm than other layers from 10-40 cm.
{"title":"Effect of different irrigation systems on root growth of maize and cowpea plants in sandy soil","authors":"Noha A. Mahgoub, A. Ibrahim, O. M. Ali","doi":"10.18393/EJSS.319952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/EJSS.319952","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University to study the influence of different irrigation systems on root length density and specific root length of maize and cowpea plants cultivated in sandy soil. Three irrigation systems (Surface, drip and sprinkler irrigation) were used in this study. The NPK fertilizers were applied as recommended doses for maize and cowpea. Root samples were collected from the soil profile below one plant (maize and cowpea) which was irrigated by the three irrigation systems by using an iron box (30 cm × 20 cm) which is divided into 24 small boxes each box is (5 × 5 × 5 cm). At surface irrigation, root length density of cowpea reached to soil depth 30-40cm with lateral distances 5-10 cm and 15-20 cm. Vertical distribution of root length density of maize was increased with soil depth till 20-25 cm, and then it decreased till soil depth 35-40cm. Under drip irrigation, root length density of cowpea increased horizontally from 0-5cm to 10-15cm then it decreased till soil depth 25-30 cm and below this depth root length density disappeared. For the root length density and specific root length of maize under drip irrigation, the data showed that root length density and specific root length decreased with increasing in soil depth. The root length density of cowpea under sprinkler irrigation at 0-5cm disappeared from horizontal distance at 25-30 cm. The data showed that root length density of maize under sprinkler irrigation was higher at the soil top layers 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm than other layers from 10-40 cm.","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"374-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45415257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Received : 09.03.2017 Accepted : 24.05.2017 The objectives of this research were: (i) to assess the accuracy of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) in predicting the soil organic carbon (SOC) content, and (ii) determine the importance of wavelength ranges and specific wavelengths in the SOC prediction model. The reflectance spectra of a total of 424 topsoils (0-25 cm) samples were measured in a laboratory using a portable Terra Spec 4 Hi-Res Mineral Spectrometer with a wavelength range 350-2500 nm. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) with leave-one-out cross validation was used to develop calibration models for SOC prediction. The accuracy of the estimate determined by the coefficient of determination (R2), the concordance correlation coefficient (ρc), the ratio of performance to deviation (RPD), the range error ratio (RER) and the root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.83, 0.90, 2.22, 14.2 and 2.47 g C kg-1 respectively, indicated good model for SOC prediction. The near infrared (NIR) and the short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectrums were more accurate than those in the visible (VIS) and short-wave near-infrared (SWNIR) spectral regions. The wavelengths contributing most to the prediction of SOC were at: 1925, 1915, 2170, 2315, 1875, 2260, 1910, 2380, 435, 1960, 2200, 1050, 1420, 1425 and 500 nm. This study has shown that VIS-NIR reflectance spectroscopy can be used as a rapid method for determining organic carbon content in the Red Mediterranean soils that can be sufficient for a rough screening.
本研究的目的是:(i)评估漫反射光谱(DRS)预测土壤有机碳(SOC)含量的准确性，(ii)确定波长范围和特定波长在SOC预测模型中的重要性。利用便携式Terra Spec 4高分辨率矿物光谱仪在实验室测量了424个表层土壤(0 ~ 25 cm)样品的反射光谱，波长范围为350 ~ 2500 nm。采用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)和留一交叉验证建立了SOC预测的校准模型。决定系数(R2)、一致性相关系数(ρc)、性能与偏差比(RPD)、极差误差率(RER)和均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.83、0.90、2.22、14.2和2.47 g C kg-1，表明该模型具有良好的SOC预测效果。近红外(NIR)和短波红外(SWIR)光谱比可见光(VIS)和短波近红外(SWNIR)光谱更精确。对SOC预测贡献最大的波长为:1925、1915、2170、2315、1875、2260、1910、2380、435、1960、2200、1050、1420、1425和500 nm。该研究表明，VIS-NIR反射光谱可以作为一种快速测定地中海红色土壤中有机碳含量的方法，足以进行粗略筛选。
{"title":"Prediction of soil organic carbon using VIS-NIR spectroscopy: Application to Red Mediterranean soils from Croatia","authors":"B. Miloš, A. Bensa","doi":"10.18393/EJSS.319208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/EJSS.319208","url":null,"abstract":"Received : 09.03.2017 Accepted : 24.05.2017 The objectives of this research were: (i) to assess the accuracy of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) in predicting the soil organic carbon (SOC) content, and (ii) determine the importance of wavelength ranges and specific wavelengths in the SOC prediction model. The reflectance spectra of a total of 424 topsoils (0-25 cm) samples were measured in a laboratory using a portable Terra Spec 4 Hi-Res Mineral Spectrometer with a wavelength range 350-2500 nm. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) with leave-one-out cross validation was used to develop calibration models for SOC prediction. The accuracy of the estimate determined by the coefficient of determination (R2), the concordance correlation coefficient (ρc), the ratio of performance to deviation (RPD), the range error ratio (RER) and the root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.83, 0.90, 2.22, 14.2 and 2.47 g C kg-1 respectively, indicated good model for SOC prediction. The near infrared (NIR) and the short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectrums were more accurate than those in the visible (VIS) and short-wave near-infrared (SWNIR) spectral regions. The wavelengths contributing most to the prediction of SOC were at: 1925, 1915, 2170, 2315, 1875, 2260, 1910, 2380, 435, 1960, 2200, 1050, 1420, 1425 and 500 nm. This study has shown that VIS-NIR reflectance spectroscopy can be used as a rapid method for determining organic carbon content in the Red Mediterranean soils that can be sufficient for a rough screening.","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"365-373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48699915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heavy metal contamination has caused serious environmental and health-related problems around the world. To identify the concentrations and sources of heavy metals, 3400 surface soil samples (0-20 cm depth) were collected from the study area. Subsequently, the concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the samples were measured. In order to evaluate natural or anthropogenic sources of heavy metal content and their spatial distribution in agricultural fields of Central and East Parts of Black Sea Region soil geostatistic approach were combined with geographic information system (GIS). GIS technology was employed to produce spatial distribution maps of the 6 elements in the study area. The results showed that the concentration of Ni and Co exceeded its threshold level. The local pollution from Ni was attributed to the natural influences. The concentrations of the other heavy metals are relatively lower than the critical values. The mean values of the heavy metal contents arranged in the following decreasing order: Ni > Zn > Cu >Pb> Co > Cd in the study area. On the other hand, according to distribution ratio of heavy metals in total soil samples, except for Co and Ni distribution in total soil samples, all other heavy metal element exceeded concentration in samples were determined about less than 10% total soil samples. However, in some regions of the study area, the Cd, Cu and Zn contents were also slightly raised, this case possibly stem from excessive P fertilization and field traffic.
重金属污染在世界各地造成了严重的环境和健康问题。为了确定重金属的浓度和来源，在研究区收集了3400份表层土壤样品(0-20 cm深度)。随后测定样品中Cd、Co、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn的浓度。为了评价黑海中东部地区农田重金属含量的自然或人为来源及其空间分布，将土壤地质统计方法与地理信息系统(GIS)相结合。利用GIS技术生成研究区内6种要素的空间分布图。结果表明，Ni和Co的浓度超过了阈值。镍的局部污染是自然因素造成的。其他重金属的浓度相对低于临界值。研究区重金属含量均值由高到低依次为Ni > Zn > Cu >Pb> Co > Cd。另一方面，根据重金属在全土样中的分布比例，除Co和Ni在全土样中的分布外，其余重金属元素在样品中的超标浓度均在全土样的10%以下。但研究区部分区域Cd、Cu、Zn含量也略有升高，可能与过量施磷和田间交通有关。
{"title":"Spatial distribution of heavy metals density in cultivated soils of Central and East Parts of Black Sea Region in Turkey","authors":"M. A. Özyazıcı, O. Dengiz, G. Özyazici","doi":"10.18393/EJSS.287976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/EJSS.287976","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal contamination has caused serious environmental and health-related problems around the world. To identify the concentrations and sources of heavy metals, 3400 surface soil samples (0-20 cm depth) were collected from the study area. Subsequently, the concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the samples were measured. In order to evaluate natural or anthropogenic sources of heavy metal content and their spatial distribution in agricultural fields of Central and East Parts of Black Sea Region soil geostatistic approach were combined with geographic information system (GIS). GIS technology was employed to produce spatial distribution maps of the 6 elements in the study area. The results showed that the concentration of Ni and Co exceeded its threshold level. The local pollution from Ni was attributed to the natural influences. The concentrations of the other heavy metals are relatively lower than the critical values. The mean values of the heavy metal contents arranged in the following decreasing order: Ni > Zn > Cu >Pb> Co > Cd in the study area. On the other hand, according to distribution ratio of heavy metals in total soil samples, except for Co and Ni distribution in total soil samples, all other heavy metal element exceeded concentration in samples were determined about less than 10% total soil samples. However, in some regions of the study area, the Cd, Cu and Zn contents were also slightly raised, this case possibly stem from excessive P fertilization and field traffic.","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"197-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46216510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Application of chemical fertilizers besides economic concerns has been a reason of environmental and ecosystem degradation, so sustainable organic agriculture is becoming popular in researches and among farming communities. Phosphorus holds second position after nitrogen among macronutrients required for better plant growth and is needed in higher amounts. Meeting this high phosphorus input for better crop yields causes environmental problems like eutrophication, so phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are being emphasized to utilize phosphorus fixed in soil layers. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of PSB on plant growth, soil biological properties including enzymes and soil respiration. Treatments including control, 50 mg kg -1 nitrogen, 50 mg kg -1 nitrogen and 12 mg kg -1 phosphorus applications reduced dosage of nitrogen 25 mg kg -1 with PGPR and 25 mg kg -1 nitrogen along with 0.12 g raw phosphate and PGPR. Results indicated that plant parameters like above and below ground plant biomasses (fresh and dry weight), plant nitrogen and phosphorus content were significantly enhanced in all the treatments when compared with the control. While soil pH in rhizosphere significantly increased with the treatments, bulk soil pH decreased with PGPR treatments when compared with all other treatments. EC values in rhizosphere and bulk soils were not significantly influenced with the treatments. Rhizospheric and bulk soil showed high amount of N, P and organic matter in PGPR treatments. Alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase activities were found significantly higher in the last treatment than the other treatments. Basal soil respiration was interestingly found higher in control soil but did not differ statistically from the other treatments. Concluding, application of PGPR with lower amounts of chemical fertilizers can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and has also potential of improving soil health in long term aspects.
{"title":"Effect of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria on some soil properties, wheat yield and nutrient contents","authors":"A. Namlı, A. Mahmood, Bahar Sevilir, Emre Özkır","doi":"10.18393/EJSS.293157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/EJSS.293157","url":null,"abstract":"Application of chemical fertilizers besides economic concerns has been a reason of environmental and ecosystem degradation, so sustainable organic agriculture is becoming popular in researches and among farming communities. Phosphorus holds second position after nitrogen among macronutrients required for better plant growth and is needed in higher amounts. Meeting this high phosphorus input for better crop yields causes environmental problems like eutrophication, so phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are being emphasized to utilize phosphorus fixed in soil layers. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of PSB on plant growth, soil biological properties including enzymes and soil respiration. Treatments including control, 50 mg kg -1 nitrogen, 50 mg kg -1 nitrogen and 12 mg kg -1 phosphorus applications reduced dosage of nitrogen 25 mg kg -1 with PGPR and 25 mg kg -1 nitrogen along with 0.12 g raw phosphate and PGPR. Results indicated that plant parameters like above and below ground plant biomasses (fresh and dry weight), plant nitrogen and phosphorus content were significantly enhanced in all the treatments when compared with the control. While soil pH in rhizosphere significantly increased with the treatments, bulk soil pH decreased with PGPR treatments when compared with all other treatments. EC values in rhizosphere and bulk soils were not significantly influenced with the treatments. Rhizospheric and bulk soil showed high amount of N, P and organic matter in PGPR treatments. Alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase activities were found significantly higher in the last treatment than the other treatments. Basal soil respiration was interestingly found higher in control soil but did not differ statistically from the other treatments. Concluding, application of PGPR with lower amounts of chemical fertilizers can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and has also potential of improving soil health in long term aspects.","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"249-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44859335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Received : 19.12.2016 Accepted : 03.03.2017 Attempts have been made to classify the sediment on their degree of maturity. Compositional maturity is a reflection of intensity of weathering and a function of labile grains, unstable/stable rock fragments and stable quartz arenites. The main aim of this study is to investigate maturity and area of deposition and attempt to shed light on source area paleo-weathering conditions. Twenty one samples of shales and sandstones units were collected from a depth precisely between 1160 to 11,480m at a well in western Niger Delta, grinded, pulverized and sieved with less than 75μm. About 10g was packed and sent to Acme analytical Laboratory LTD., Vancouver, Canada. From the results, various plots and indexes inferring maturity and area of deposition were utilized. Using the A-K-F ternary plots of Englund and Jørgensen (1973), the depositional environment is transition zone. The silicate weathering indexes CIA, CIW and PIA values ranges from 45-65, on average indicates low to moderate weathering in the source area with extreme weathering of some sand fraction. Various calculated values of the weathering indices: Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA), Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW) and scatter plots of formulated ratios of Al/Na, K/Na, and Rb/K vs chemical index of alteration (CIA) were plotted. The moderate values below average suggest low to moderate weathering conditions in the source area or during transportation. This also inferred their recycling processes are insignificant. The clay content is low and feldspars are averagely high implying immaturity. The calculated ZTR index for the sand ranges from 36.4-75.0 from with an average mode of 55.5% implying almost all contain mineralogically immature sediments. The calculated ZirconTourmaline-Rutile (ZTR) index shows that majority of the sample depths have >43% ZTR index but below 75% which corresponds to generally immature sediments.
{"title":"Depositional environments signatures, maturity and source weathering of Niger Delta sediments from an oil well in southeastern Delta State, Nigeria","authors":"S. Oni, A. Olatunji","doi":"10.18393/EJSS.297245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/EJSS.297245","url":null,"abstract":"Received : 19.12.2016 Accepted : 03.03.2017 Attempts have been made to classify the sediment on their degree of maturity. Compositional maturity is a reflection of intensity of weathering and a function of labile grains, unstable/stable rock fragments and stable quartz arenites. The main aim of this study is to investigate maturity and area of deposition and attempt to shed light on source area paleo-weathering conditions. Twenty one samples of shales and sandstones units were collected from a depth precisely between 1160 to 11,480m at a well in western Niger Delta, grinded, pulverized and sieved with less than 75μm. About 10g was packed and sent to Acme analytical Laboratory LTD., Vancouver, Canada. From the results, various plots and indexes inferring maturity and area of deposition were utilized. Using the A-K-F ternary plots of Englund and Jørgensen (1973), the depositional environment is transition zone. The silicate weathering indexes CIA, CIW and PIA values ranges from 45-65, on average indicates low to moderate weathering in the source area with extreme weathering of some sand fraction. Various calculated values of the weathering indices: Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA), Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW) and scatter plots of formulated ratios of Al/Na, K/Na, and Rb/K vs chemical index of alteration (CIA) were plotted. The moderate values below average suggest low to moderate weathering conditions in the source area or during transportation. This also inferred their recycling processes are insignificant. The clay content is low and feldspars are averagely high implying immaturity. The calculated ZTR index for the sand ranges from 36.4-75.0 from with an average mode of 55.5% implying almost all contain mineralogically immature sediments. The calculated ZirconTourmaline-Rutile (ZTR) index shows that majority of the sample depths have >43% ZTR index but below 75% which corresponds to generally immature sediments.","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"259-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42850720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biochar has the potential to improve soil fertility and crop productivity. A field experiment was carried out at the experimental field of Bangladesh Sericulture Research and Training Institute ( BSRTI ), Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of biochar on soil properties, growth, yield and foliar disease incidence of mulberry plant. The study consisted of 6 treatments: control, basal dose of NPK, rice husk biochar, mineral enriched biochar, basal dose + rice husk biochar and basal dose + mineral enriched biochar. Growth parameters such as node/meter, total branch number/plant, total leaf yield/hectare/year were significantly increased in basal dose + mineral enriched biochar treated plot in second year compared with the other fertilizer treatments. In second year, the total leaf yield/hectare/year were also 142.1% and 115.9% higher in combined application of basal dose + mineral enriched biochar and basal dose + rice husk biochar, respectively, than the control treatment. The soil properties such as organic matter, phosphorus, sulphur and zinc percentage were significantly increased with both the (mineral enriched and rice husk) biochar treated soil applied with or without recommended basal dose of NPK than the control and only the recommended basal dose of NPK, respectively. Further, the lowest incidences of tukra (6.4%), powdery mildew (10.4%) and leaf spot (7.6%) disease were observed in second year under mineral enriched biochar treated plot than the others. The findings revealed that utilization of biochar has positive effect on the improvement of soil fertility and productivity as well as disease suppression of mulberry plant.
{"title":"Biochar amendment improves soil fertility and productivity of mulberry plant","authors":"F. Ahmed, Md. Shoriful Islam, Md. Toufiq Iqbal","doi":"10.18393/EJSS.291945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/EJSS.291945","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar has the potential to improve soil fertility and crop productivity. A field experiment was carried out at the experimental field of Bangladesh Sericulture Research and Training Institute ( BSRTI ), Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of biochar on soil properties, growth, yield and foliar disease incidence of mulberry plant. The study consisted of 6 treatments: control, basal dose of NPK, rice husk biochar, mineral enriched biochar, basal dose + rice husk biochar and basal dose + mineral enriched biochar. Growth parameters such as node/meter, total branch number/plant, total leaf yield/hectare/year were significantly increased in basal dose + mineral enriched biochar treated plot in second year compared with the other fertilizer treatments. In second year, the total leaf yield/hectare/year were also 142.1% and 115.9% higher in combined application of basal dose + mineral enriched biochar and basal dose + rice husk biochar, respectively, than the control treatment. The soil properties such as organic matter, phosphorus, sulphur and zinc percentage were significantly increased with both the (mineral enriched and rice husk) biochar treated soil applied with or without recommended basal dose of NPK than the control and only the recommended basal dose of NPK, respectively. Further, the lowest incidences of tukra (6.4%), powdery mildew (10.4%) and leaf spot (7.6%) disease were observed in second year under mineral enriched biochar treated plot than the others. The findings revealed that utilization of biochar has positive effect on the improvement of soil fertility and productivity as well as disease suppression of mulberry plant.","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"226-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49106789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Land evaluation, using a scientific method, is essential to recognize the potential and limitation of a given land for specific use in terms of its suitability, and certifies its sustainable use. The soil is such a source that its renewal takes a long time, so effective use of soil and land resources requires a thorough understanding of the effective morphological processes of soil forming in different regions. The current study identified available soil in the area in terms of interpretation of aerial photographs and Geopedological approach. After mapping the geoform area, 61 profiles of the designated area were drilled and sampling was done for all diagnostic horizons. Then, the samples were transported to the laboratory for Physico-chemical analysis. By the end of the profile classification process, which was based on the Soil Survey Staff (2014) , the soil map, was prepared by integration of the soil data and the geoform map in ArcGIS software. There are several limiting factors for wheat in Qazvin plain, namely; electric conductivity (EC), gypsum, coarse fragment, soil depth, soil organic carbon (SOC), texture, calcium carbonate and climate. The map of the land units was prepared, and land requirements for the type of utility were calculated. Land suitability evaluation was performed according to FAO. The results showed that land unit’s number 17 and 18 were unsuitable (N1) for irrigating wheat with limiting factors such as; high levels of EC and gypsum in the studied profiles. Moreover, the land unit’s number 10, 20, and 23 are suitable (S 1 ) for the wheat production and have the highest rate of predicted yield.
{"title":"Land suitability evaluation for irrigating wheat by Geopedological approach and Geographic Information System: A case study of Qazvin plain, Iran","authors":"S. R. Mousavi, F. Sarmadian, Z. Alijani, A. Taati","doi":"10.18393/EJSS.297251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/EJSS.297251","url":null,"abstract":"Land evaluation, using a scientific method, is essential to recognize the potential and limitation of a given land for specific use in terms of its suitability, and certifies its sustainable use. The soil is such a source that its renewal takes a long time, so effective use of soil and land resources requires a thorough understanding of the effective morphological processes of soil forming in different regions. The current study identified available soil in the area in terms of interpretation of aerial photographs and Geopedological approach. After mapping the geoform area, 61 profiles of the designated area were drilled and sampling was done for all diagnostic horizons. Then, the samples were transported to the laboratory for Physico-chemical analysis. By the end of the profile classification process, which was based on the Soil Survey Staff (2014) , the soil map, was prepared by integration of the soil data and the geoform map in ArcGIS software. There are several limiting factors for wheat in Qazvin plain, namely; electric conductivity (EC), gypsum, coarse fragment, soil depth, soil organic carbon (SOC), texture, calcium carbonate and climate. The map of the land units was prepared, and land requirements for the type of utility were calculated. Land suitability evaluation was performed according to FAO. The results showed that land unit’s number 17 and 18 were unsuitable (N1) for irrigating wheat with limiting factors such as; high levels of EC and gypsum in the studied profiles. Moreover, the land unit’s number 10, 20, and 23 are suitable (S 1 ) for the wheat production and have the highest rate of predicted yield.","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"275-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43941823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing use of agrochemicals for weed control has raised concerns about their ecotoxicological effects on soil micro-biota communities and soil functions which serve as indicators of soil quality. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of continuous field applied herbicides glyphosate, paraquat, atrazine and their combined forms over a period of five years on soil organic carbon, bacterial and fungal population in Akure, Ondo State Nigeria. Soil samples from farmer’s field which have been exposed to continuous herbicide application were collected and analysed for physio-chemical properties, organic carbon, total bacterial and fungal population. Simultaneously, soil samples designated as control were collected from adjacent fields with no history of herbicide application and analysed. Results showed a significant (P=0.05) 86% and 128% increase in bacterial population from glyphosate and atrazine treated fields respectively and 42% decrease in paraquat and Glyphosate + paraquat fields when compared with the untreated field. A significant 35% decrease in fungal population was observed in fields applied with atrazine and a further 10% decrease in fungal populations in all herbicide treated fields irrespective of herbicide type and combinations when compared with the untreated field. These changes also correlates with the abundance of beneficial microbes such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Proteus mirabilis, Aspergillus flavius with a probable influence on plant growth promotion and potentials for biodegradation of persistent herbicides. SOC, SOM and pH was significantly (P=0.05) increased in atrazine and atrazine + paraquat treated fields when compared with the untreated fields and other herbicide treatments.
{"title":"Glyphosate, 1,1’- dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridinium dichloride and Atrazine induces changes in Soil organic carbon, bacterial and fungal communities in a tropical alfisol","authors":"S. Oladele, O. Ayodele","doi":"10.18393/EJSS.292581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/EJSS.292581","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing use of agrochemicals for weed control has raised concerns about their ecotoxicological effects on soil micro-biota communities and soil functions which serve as indicators of soil quality. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of continuous field applied herbicides glyphosate, paraquat, atrazine and their combined forms over a period of five years on soil organic carbon, bacterial and fungal population in Akure, Ondo State Nigeria. Soil samples from farmer’s field which have been exposed to continuous herbicide application were collected and analysed for physio-chemical properties, organic carbon, total bacterial and fungal population. Simultaneously, soil samples designated as control were collected from adjacent fields with no history of herbicide application and analysed. Results showed a significant (P=0.05) 86% and 128% increase in bacterial population from glyphosate and atrazine treated fields respectively and 42% decrease in paraquat and Glyphosate + paraquat fields when compared with the untreated field. A significant 35% decrease in fungal population was observed in fields applied with atrazine and a further 10% decrease in fungal populations in all herbicide treated fields irrespective of herbicide type and combinations when compared with the untreated field. These changes also correlates with the abundance of beneficial microbes such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Proteus mirabilis, Aspergillus flavius with a probable influence on plant growth promotion and potentials for biodegradation of persistent herbicides. SOC, SOM and pH was significantly (P=0.05) increased in atrazine and atrazine + paraquat treated fields when compared with the untreated fields and other herbicide treatments.","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"238-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44148950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil erosion is a most severe environmental problem in humid sub-tropical hilly state Tripura. The present study is carried out on Muhuri river basin of Tripura state, North east India having an area of 614.54 Sq.km. In this paper, Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model, with Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) have been used to quantify the soil loss in the Muhuri river basin. Five essential parameters such as Runoff-rainfall erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility Factor (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cropping management factor (C), and support practice factor (P) have been used to estimate soil loss amount in the study area. All of these layers have been prepared in GIS and RS platform (Mainly Arc GIS 10.1) using various data sources and data preparation methods. In these study DEM and LISS satellite data have been used. The daily rainfall data (2001-2010) of 6 rain gauge stations have been used to predict the R factor. Soil erodibility (K) factor in Basin area ranged from 0.15 to 0.36. The spatial distribution map of soil loss of Muhuri river basin has been generated and classified into six categories according to intensity level of soil loss. The average annual predicted soil loss ranges between 0 to and 650 t/ha/y. Low soil loss areas ( 70 t/ha/y) of soil erosion was found along the main course of Muhuri River.
{"title":"Estimation of Soil loss by USLE Model using GIS and Remote Sensing techniques: A case study of Muhuri River Basin, Tripura, India","authors":"A. Bera","doi":"10.18393/EJSS.288350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18393/EJSS.288350","url":null,"abstract":"Soil erosion is a most severe environmental problem in humid sub-tropical hilly state Tripura. The present study is carried out on Muhuri river basin of Tripura state, North east India having an area of 614.54 Sq.km. In this paper, Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model, with Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) have been used to quantify the soil loss in the Muhuri river basin. Five essential parameters such as Runoff-rainfall erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility Factor (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cropping management factor (C), and support practice factor (P) have been used to estimate soil loss amount in the study area. All of these layers have been prepared in GIS and RS platform (Mainly Arc GIS 10.1) using various data sources and data preparation methods. In these study DEM and LISS satellite data have been used. The daily rainfall data (2001-2010) of 6 rain gauge stations have been used to predict the R factor. Soil erodibility (K) factor in Basin area ranged from 0.15 to 0.36. The spatial distribution map of soil loss of Muhuri river basin has been generated and classified into six categories according to intensity level of soil loss. The average annual predicted soil loss ranges between 0 to and 650 t/ha/y. Low soil loss areas ( 70 t/ha/y) of soil erosion was found along the main course of Muhuri River.","PeriodicalId":36945,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Soil Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"206-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41536334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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