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Hydrochemical and radiometric study of groundwaters from serra negra spa, São Paulo State, Brazil 巴西圣保罗州serra negra spa地下水的水化学和放射学研究
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.2495/cmem-v10-n3-282-294
P. Avona, D. Bonotto
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Gaussian and Lagrangian puff dispersion models for the risk assessment of receptors nearby a contaminated site 高斯和拉格朗日烟散模型在污染场地附近受体风险评估中的比较
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.2495/cmem-v10-n3-260-270
M. Ravina, I. Verginelli, R. Baciocchi, M. Zanetti
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引用次数: 0
Coherent vorticity and discontinuous flow in particle-based SPH modeling 基于粒子的SPH模型中的相干涡度和不连续流
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.2495/cmem-v10-n3-224-236
Oddny Brun, Joseph T. Kider Jr., R. Wiegand
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引用次数: 0
Exploiting a numerical method to translate single tooth bending fatigue results into meshing gears design data: the influence of material properties 利用数值方法将单齿弯曲疲劳结果转化为啮合齿轮设计数据:材料性能的影响
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.2495/cmem-v10-n3-211-223
F. Concli, L. Maccioni, L. Fraccaroli
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引用次数: 0
Experimental characterization of the dimensionless momentum length for submerged jet discharges of air-steam mixtures into stagnant water 无量纲动量长度的实验表征空气-蒸汽混合物水下射流排放到停滞水中
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.2495/cmem-v10-n3-195-210
Y. Cordova, D. Blanco, C. Berna, J. Muñoz-Cobo, A. Escrivá, Y. Rivera
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of influencing factors on settlement of widened subgrade based on differences in working conditions 基于工况差异的加宽路基沉降影响因素分析
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-05-17 DOI: 10.2495/cmem-v10-n2-117-130
Yang Liang, Xu Wenyuan, Li Keke
The finite element method is used for numerical simulation analysis to explore the settlement characteristics of widened subgrade under the influence of different working conditions and factors. The research results show that at the end of the construction period, the maximum total settlement of the subgrade surface of the project of simultaneous widening and raising of the original subgrade is 1.97 cm, the maximum differential settlement of the subgrade surface is 0.21 cm, and the cross slope of the road arch increases by 1.4%. The maximum total settlement of the subgrade surface of the project of only widening of the original subgrade is 2.35 cm, which is an increase of 19.3% compared with the maximum total settlement of the subgrade surface of the project of simultaneous widening and raising of the original subgrade. The total settlement of the subgrade surface under the two working conditions varies with the change of filling materials and increases with the width, height, and slope ratio. When the width increases from 3.5 to 14 m, the maximum uncoordinated deformation of the subgrade surface of the project of simultaneous widening and raising of the original subgrade is increased from 0.54 to 1.31 cm, and the value of the subgrade surface settlement curvature of the splicing area for the project of only widening of the original subgrade is increased from 0.13 to 0.97. The obtained results can provide a reference for subgrade widening projects in the future.
采用有限元法进行数值模拟分析,探讨不同工况和因素影响下加宽路基的沉降特性。研究结果表明,工期结束时,原路基同时加宽加高工程路基面最大总沉降量为1.97 cm,路基面最大差沉降量为0.21 cm,路拱横向坡度增加1.4%。仅对原路基加宽方案路基表面最大总沉降量为2.35 cm,比对原路基同时加宽加高方案路基表面最大总沉降量增大19.3%。两种工况下路基表面总沉降量随填筑材料的变化而变化,随宽度、高度、坡度比的增大而增大。当宽度从3.5 m增加到14 m时,原路基同时加宽和抬高工程路基表面最大不协调变形由0.54 cm增加到1.31 cm,仅原路基加宽工程的拼接区路基表面沉降曲率由0.13增加到0.97。所得结果可为今后路基加宽工程提供参考。
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引用次数: 1
Design for additive manufacturing – material characterization and geometrical optimization 增材制造的设计-材料特性和几何优化
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-05-17 DOI: 10.2495/cmem-v10-n2-146-157
F. Concli, Margherita Molinaro
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a more and more appreciated manufacturing technology. This grow-ing interest is related to the high flexibility of this approach and its capability to produce any geometry, opening new possibilities. An example is the improvement of the system performances exploiting lattice and reticular in substitution to the traditional solid design. Despite this premise, in real applications, part of the benefits is lost due to the inferior performances of the AM steels and the higher costs of additive manufacturing. In this scenario, the mechanical properties of a 17-4 PH SS produced via additive technology were characterized with experimental tests. The results were compared with data concerning the cast material. In this way, it was possible to execute a quantitative evaluation of the performance reduction. Three components, such as a hip prosthesis, a blow plastic bottle die, and an automotive gear, were chosen as representative examples. These three mechanical components are typically produced in quite different batch sizes. The hip prosthesis, the blow plastic bottle die, and the automotive gear were redesigned (design for AM) via a finite element (FE) approach. The new designs fulfill the original requirements in terms of strength showing however improved inertial properties. The original and new designs were exploited to quantify the benefits of introducing AM in different applications. of the original components. To achieve this goal, three reticular cell topologies such as BCC, BCCZ, and FCC were selected. Their strut diameters and cell size were changed based on FEM simulations combined with a multiobjective genetic algorithm. A potential average weight reduction between 21% and 23% was obtained for each component.
增材制造(AM)是一种越来越受到重视的制造技术。这种日益增长的兴趣与这种方法的高度灵活性及其产生任何几何形状的能力有关,从而开辟了新的可能性。一个例子是利用网格和网状结构来代替传统的实体设计来提高系统的性能。尽管有这样的前提,但在实际应用中,由于增材制造钢的性能较差和增材制造的成本较高,部分好处失去了。在这种情况下,通过实验测试表征了添加剂技术生产的17-4 PH SS的力学性能。结果与铸造材料的数据进行了比较。这样,就可以对性能降低进行定量评估。选取髋关节假体、吹塑瓶模具、汽车齿轮等三个部件作为典型实例。这三种机械部件通常以完全不同的批量生产。通过有限元(FE)方法对髋关节假体、吹塑瓶模具和汽车齿轮进行了重新设计(AM设计)。新设计在强度方面满足了原要求,但惯性性能有所改善。利用原始和新的设计来量化在不同应用中引入AM的好处。原始的组件。为了实现这一目标,选择了三种网状细胞拓扑,如BCC, BCCZ和FCC。基于有限元模拟和多目标遗传算法,改变了它们的支撑直径和单元尺寸。每个组件的潜在平均重量减轻21%至23%。
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引用次数: 1
Applicability of magnetic field for directed orientation of steel fibres in high-performing cementitious composites 磁场对高性能胶凝复合材料中钢纤维定向取向的适用性
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-05-17 DOI: 10.2495/cmem-v10-n2-131-145
K. Takáčová, Karel Künzel, V. Papež, Petr Konrád, M. Mára, J. Fornůsek, Přemysl Kheml, R. Sovják
This paper explores the practical possibility of using a magnetic field to orient steel fibres in a fresh concrete matrix. This process leads to preferential orientation, which increases the desired mechani- cal properties of the hardened material. In general, this paper focuses on the technical aspects of the orientation process and identifies key areas, such as the strength and shape of the magnetic field, velocity of the sample’s passage through the magnetic field and viscosity of the materials. A proto- type orienting apparatus was constructed with different permanent magnet systems to evaluate their performance. An ultrasound gel and a cementitious matrix were used as a medium for the fibres. Numerical simulations were created to further understand the effects of the magnetic field’s strength and shape. The final orientation of the fibres in hardened concrete was evaluated using Q factor measurements, X-ray scans and bending tests. A sufficiently strong magnetic field can be used to orient fibres in fresh concrete.
本文探讨了在新混凝土基质中使用磁场定向钢纤维的实际可能性。这一过程导致择优取向,从而提高了硬化材料所需的力学性能。总的来说,本文侧重于取向过程的技术方面,并确定了关键领域,如磁场的强度和形状,样品通过磁场的速度和材料的粘度。采用不同的永磁系统构建了定位样机,并对其性能进行了评价。超声凝胶和胶凝基质被用作纤维的介质。数值模拟是为了进一步了解磁场强度和形状的影响。通过Q因子测量、x射线扫描和弯曲测试来评估硬化混凝土中纤维的最终取向。一个足够强的磁场可以用来定位新混凝土中的纤维。
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引用次数: 1
Development and validation of a computational fluid dynamics modelling methodology for isolated and urban street canyon configurations using wind tunnel measurements 利用风洞测量开发和验证孤立和城市街道峡谷配置的计算流体动力学建模方法
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-05-17 DOI: 10.2495/cmem-v10-n2-104-116
M. Vasudevan, Bidroha Basu, F. Pilla, A. McNabola
Precise prediction of air quality in a street canyon under diverse conditions could be established through the comprehensive validation of velocity of wind profiles and the concentration distribu- tion of pollutants. In this study, a two-step approach was developed using Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. The first step involved the validation of wind velocity profiles obtained using wind tunnel experimental measurements of an isolated street canyon discussed in ref. [1], while the second step focused on the validation of dispersion of pollutants from wind tunnel measurements discussed in ref. [2] conducted on isolated and urban street canyons. The wind velocity profiles obtained at five distinct vertical planes between the leeward and windward walls in the wind tunnel study [1] were validated by simulating the 2D cross-section of the entire wind tunnel domain with high accuracies; R 2 values of 0.931–0.986 were obtained across the canyon depth. The concentration distribution of the pollutant in the wind tunnel study [2] were validated for a range of velocities (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 m/s) using both 2D and 3D models. A verification of the Reynolds independent nature of the flow was performed by comparing the wind tunnel and street scale models and suitability of employing K- ε turbulence model with Enhanced Wall Treatment and K- ε Low Reynolds Number Model for the wind tunnel scale, and Standard Wall Functions for the street scale were observed. A 2D simulation of urban street canyon flow representing the whole wind tunnel cross-section in the flow direction was also studied to observe repetitive flow nature and thereby a potential to employ fully developed flow conditions for the same. The urban street canyon flow is established through the means of fully developed periodic flow profiles, which inherently restricts the additional mass sources in the flow domain. The emission scenario in the fully developed flow was captured by means of flow profile mapping at the upwind edge of the leeward building. To estimate the minimum number of downwind canyons required to keep up the fully developed flow profile at the target street canyon, a parameterization of the same was per- formed. Finally, the validation of the concentration profiles was obtained with parameterization of the Schmidt number, and an optimal Schmidt number was obtained in the case of using Realizable K- ε turbulence model. The developed and validated methodology provides a robust and efficient means of modelling air pollution dispersion in the isolated and urban street canyons for future research investigations.
通过对风速廓线和污染物浓度分布的综合验证,可以对街道峡谷不同条件下的空气质量进行精确预测。在本研究中,利用计算流体动力学模拟开发了一种两步方法。第一步涉及验证使用参考文献[1]中讨论的孤立街道峡谷的风洞实验测量获得的风速剖面,而第二步侧重于验证参考文献[2]中讨论的对孤立和城市街道峡谷进行的风洞测量产生的污染物扩散。通过对整个风洞区域二维截面的高精度模拟,验证了风洞研究[1]在背风壁和迎风壁之间的5个不同垂直平面上得到的风速廓线;跨峡谷深度的r2值为0.931 ~ 0.986。利用二维和三维模型验证了风洞研究[2]中污染物的浓度分布在速度范围(0.5、1、2和4 m/s)。通过比较风洞和街道尺度模型,验证了流动的雷诺数无关性,验证了采用增强壁面处理的K- ε湍流模型和K- ε低雷诺数模型在风洞尺度上的适用性,并观察了标准壁面函数在街道尺度上的适用性。本文还研究了代表整个风洞方向截面的城市街道峡谷流的二维模拟,以观察重复流动的性质,从而有可能采用充分发展的流动条件。城市街道峡谷流是通过充分发育的周期流剖面建立起来的,它内在地限制了流域中附加质量源的存在。通过在下风建筑的逆风边缘进行流动剖面映射,捕获了充分发展的流动中的排放情景。为了估计在目标街道峡谷保持充分发展的流动剖面所需的最小顺风峡谷数量,形成了相同的参数化。最后,通过参数化施密特数对浓度分布进行了验证,并在采用Realizable K- ε湍流模型的情况下得到了最优施密特数。开发和验证的方法为未来的研究调查提供了一种强大而有效的模拟空气污染在孤立和城市街道峡谷中的扩散的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental measurements and CFD results of liquid film thickness in vertical downward air–water annular flow 垂直向下气-水环流液膜厚度的实验测量与CFD结果
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-05-17 DOI: 10.2495/cmem-v10-n2-93-103
Y. Rivera, J. Muñoz-Cobo, A. Escrivá, C. Berna, Y. Cordova
Annular gas–liquid flows have been extensively studied over the years. However, the nonlinear behavior of the interface is still currently the subject of study by multiple researchers worldwide. The appearance of a liquid layer on the wall and its turbulent behavior support the heat exchange of multiple systems in the industrial field. Research in this area allows the optimization of these instal-lations as well as the analysis of possible safety problems if the liquid film disappears. This study first shows some of the most important findings obtained in the GEPELON experimental facility (GEneración de PElícula ONdulatoria or Wavy Film Generator). The facility was built in order to analyze the behavior of the liquid film in annular downward air–water flow. The experimental range of the inlet conditions is 800–8000 for the Re L and 0–110,000 for the Re g . Measurements for the mean film thickness show a fairly good agreement with the empirical correlations and the measurements of other authors. One of the most demanded applications of this type of measurements is the validation of computational dynamics or CFD codes. Therefore, the experiment has been modeled using Ansys CFX software, and the simulation results have been compared with the experimental ones. This article outlines some of the reasons why two-phase flow simulations are currently challenging and how the codes are able to overcome them. Simulation predictions are fairly close to the experimental measurements, and the mean film thickness evolution when changing the boundary conditions also shows a good agreement. annular
多年来,人们对环空气液流动进行了广泛的研究。然而,界面的非线性行为目前仍是世界范围内众多研究者研究的课题。壁面液体层的出现及其湍流行为支持了工业领域中多个系统的热交换。该领域的研究可以优化这些装置,并分析如果液膜消失可能出现的安全问题。这项研究首先展示了在GEPELON实验设备(GEneración de PElícula波纹膜发生器)中获得的一些最重要的发现。为了分析液膜在空气-水环形向下流动中的行为,建立了该装置。进口条件的实验范围为Re L为800-8000,Re g为0 - 11万。平均膜厚的测量结果与经验相关性和其他作者的测量结果相当吻合。这类测量最需要的应用之一是计算动力学或CFD代码的验证。因此,利用Ansys CFX软件对实验进行建模,并将仿真结果与实验结果进行对比。本文概述了两相流模拟目前具有挑战性的一些原因以及代码如何能够克服它们。模拟结果与实验结果相当接近,边界条件变化时的平均膜厚演变也表现出较好的一致性。环形
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引用次数: 1
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International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements
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