Pub Date : 2019-04-10DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79645
James T. Zacharia
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are resistant to most of the known environmental degradation processes. Because of their persistence, POPs bioaccumulate in animal tissues and biomagnify along food chains and food webs with potential adverse impacts on human and wildlife health and the environment. Although POPs are resistant to most of the environmental degradation processes, there are some environmental processes mostly microbial degradation that can degrade POPs to other forms that are not necessarily simpler and less toxic. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants adopted in 2001 was meant to restrict the production and use of these toxic chemicals in the environment.
{"title":"Degradation Pathways of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Environment","authors":"James T. Zacharia","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79645","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are resistant to most of the known environmental degradation processes. Because of their persistence, POPs bioaccumulate in animal tissues and biomagnify along food chains and food webs with potential adverse impacts on human and wildlife health and the environment. Although POPs are resistant to most of the environmental degradation processes, there are some environmental processes mostly microbial degradation that can degrade POPs to other forms that are not necessarily simpler and less toxic. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants adopted in 2001 was meant to restrict the production and use of these toxic chemicals in the environment.","PeriodicalId":370402,"journal":{"name":"Persistent Organic Pollutants","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125005400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-18DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81094
Claudia Rosales Landeros, Carlos Eduardo Barrera Díaz, B. Bilyeu
Organochlorine pesticide pollution of surface water, groundwater, soil, sediments, and air has been recognized as a major problem in many countries because of the persistence in different environments and the consequent potential adverse health effects. This report presents a review of literature on organochlorine insecticide of endosulfan, which has been used extensively for agricultural purposes. It summarizes information on nomen - clature, physical-chemical properties, production, metabolism, degradation, distribution in the environment, toxicity, regulation, and technologies for the treatment of water and soil contaminated with this pesticide.
{"title":"Dissemination of Endosulfan into the Environment","authors":"Claudia Rosales Landeros, Carlos Eduardo Barrera Díaz, B. Bilyeu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81094","url":null,"abstract":"Organochlorine pesticide pollution of surface water, groundwater, soil, sediments, and air has been recognized as a major problem in many countries because of the persistence in different environments and the consequent potential adverse health effects. This report presents a review of literature on organochlorine insecticide of endosulfan, which has been used extensively for agricultural purposes. It summarizes information on nomen - clature, physical-chemical properties, production, metabolism, degradation, distribution in the environment, toxicity, regulation, and technologies for the treatment of water and soil contaminated with this pesticide.","PeriodicalId":370402,"journal":{"name":"Persistent Organic Pollutants","volume":"92 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128020982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79395
J. Mwamburi
Sediments accumulated in lake basins consist of various organic and inorganic materials, mostly utilized as proxies for climatic changes and as historical records of the lake con-nectivity to terrestrial ecosystems and anthropogenic activities. In-lake production, aerial wet and dry deposition and transported materials in running water are the main sources of lake deposits, which may be permanently deposited as bottom sediments or remobilized through erosive forces and turbulence, resuspension, tunneling by organisms, and porewater exchanges with the overlying water mass. Examination of the sediment biodiversity, quality, composition, and stratigraphy is part of the approaches in understanding ecological and climatic changes and other anthropogenic impacts in lakes. There are no detailed stud- ies on the spatial distribution of sediment characteristics within the Nyanza Gulf, especially after the establishment of water hyacinth. The first observations on the nature of the bottom of Lake Victoria were made during 1927–1928 survey, with subsequent detailed geochemical core studies concentrated in the main lake. Roles of sediment organic matter are explained, and data from surficial sediments collected, from about 32 sampling sites between 1994 and 2012, are used to characterize the sediments. Lastly, the potential influences from increased urbanization, eutrophication, presence of water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes ), and associated floating macrophytes since 1989 and current cage aquaculture in L. Victoria are explored.
{"title":"Lake Sedimentary Environments and Roles of Accumulating Organic Matter in Biogeochemical Cycling Processes and Contaminants Loading Are Invasions of Water Hyacinth in Lake Victoria from 1989 a Concern?","authors":"J. Mwamburi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79395","url":null,"abstract":"Sediments accumulated in lake basins consist of various organic and inorganic materials, mostly utilized as proxies for climatic changes and as historical records of the lake con-nectivity to terrestrial ecosystems and anthropogenic activities. In-lake production, aerial wet and dry deposition and transported materials in running water are the main sources of lake deposits, which may be permanently deposited as bottom sediments or remobilized through erosive forces and turbulence, resuspension, tunneling by organisms, and porewater exchanges with the overlying water mass. Examination of the sediment biodiversity, quality, composition, and stratigraphy is part of the approaches in understanding ecological and climatic changes and other anthropogenic impacts in lakes. There are no detailed stud- ies on the spatial distribution of sediment characteristics within the Nyanza Gulf, especially after the establishment of water hyacinth. The first observations on the nature of the bottom of Lake Victoria were made during 1927–1928 survey, with subsequent detailed geochemical core studies concentrated in the main lake. Roles of sediment organic matter are explained, and data from surficial sediments collected, from about 32 sampling sites between 1994 and 2012, are used to characterize the sediments. Lastly, the potential influences from increased urbanization, eutrophication, presence of water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes ), and associated floating macrophytes since 1989 and current cage aquaculture in L. Victoria are explored.","PeriodicalId":370402,"journal":{"name":"Persistent Organic Pollutants","volume":"494 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131421127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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