The Copernicus programme brings a wealth of ocean colour data at medium and high spatial resolution with a full, free and open data access policy, allowing for unprecedented monitoring capabilities of the open ocean and coastal and inland waters. The POLYMER atmospheric correction algorithm, with its genericity and robustness to most atmospheric and surface perturbations (aerosols, sun glint, thin clouds, adjacency effect), allows to maximize these observation capabilities, in particular for Sentinel-2 MSI and Sentinel-3 OLCI. The algorithm is fully consistent between these sensors, which gives access to a unique product in terms of potential applications. The evolution of the POLYMER algorithm will be presented, with examples of applications and validation results for Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3.
{"title":"Sentinel-2 MSI and Sentinel-3 OLCI consistent ocean colour products using POLYMER","authors":"F. Steinmetz, D. Ramon","doi":"10.1117/12.2500232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2500232","url":null,"abstract":"The Copernicus programme brings a wealth of ocean colour data at medium and high spatial resolution with a full, free and open data access policy, allowing for unprecedented monitoring capabilities of the open ocean and coastal and inland waters. The POLYMER atmospheric correction algorithm, with its genericity and robustness to most atmospheric and surface perturbations (aerosols, sun glint, thin clouds, adjacency effect), allows to maximize these observation capabilities, in particular for Sentinel-2 MSI and Sentinel-3 OLCI. The algorithm is fully consistent between these sensors, which gives access to a unique product in terms of potential applications. The evolution of the POLYMER algorithm will be presented, with examples of applications and validation results for Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3.","PeriodicalId":370971,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing","volume":"14 6 Pt 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116847634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Furukawa, Kosuke Yamamoto, T. Kubota, R. Oki, T. Iguchi
The Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) installed on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) core satellite was developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT). GPM core observatory was successfully launched by H-IIA launch vehicle on Feb 28, 2014. JAXA is continuing DPR trend monitoring, calibration and validation operations to confirm that DPR keeps its function and performance on orbit. The results of DPR trend monitoring, calibration and validation showed that DPR kept its function and performance on orbit during the 3 years and 2 months prime mission period. JAXA confirmed the prime mission results of GPM/DPR total system achieved the success criteria and the performance indicators. GPM/DPR moved to extended mission phase. JAXA conducted two types of scan pattern change test operations, KaPR-HS outer swath scan pattern and KuPR and KaPR wider swath scan. These useful data will help feasibility studies of the proposed KaPR scan pattern for the next DPR product version up and the future spaceborne radar development.
{"title":"Current status of the Dual-frequency precipitation Radar on the Global Precipitation Measurement core spacecraft and scan pattern change test operations results","authors":"K. Furukawa, Kosuke Yamamoto, T. Kubota, R. Oki, T. Iguchi","doi":"10.1117/12.2323964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2323964","url":null,"abstract":"The Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) installed on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) core satellite was developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT). GPM core observatory was successfully launched by H-IIA launch vehicle on Feb 28, 2014. JAXA is continuing DPR trend monitoring, calibration and validation operations to confirm that DPR keeps its function and performance on orbit. The results of DPR trend monitoring, calibration and validation showed that DPR kept its function and performance on orbit during the 3 years and 2 months prime mission period. JAXA confirmed the prime mission results of GPM/DPR total system achieved the success criteria and the performance indicators. GPM/DPR moved to extended mission phase. JAXA conducted two types of scan pattern change test operations, KaPR-HS outer swath scan pattern and KuPR and KaPR wider swath scan. These useful data will help feasibility studies of the proposed KaPR scan pattern for the next DPR product version up and the future spaceborne radar development.","PeriodicalId":370971,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132460082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JAXA is now planning GCOM mission which is composed of a series of satellites. They are called GCOM-W and GCOM-C satellites. Both satellites are composed of 3 satellites with 5 year lifetime. Hence, 13 years of continuous observation can be assured with 1 year overlaps. The first satellite of GCOM-W was launched on 18, May, 2012 while the first one of GCOM-C was launched on 23, Dec. 2017. GCOM-W1 carries AMSR-2. AMSR-2 is very similar to AMSR on ADEOS Ⅱ and AMSR-E on EOS-Aqua with some modifications. GCOM-C1 will carry SGLI. The SGLI will be rather different from GLI. The main targets of SGLI are atmospheric aerosols, coastal zone and land. In order to measure aerosols over both ocean and land, it will have an near ultra violet channel, as well as polarization and bidirectional observation capability. For, coastal zone and land observation, the IFOV of SGLI for these targets is around 250m. The instrument will be composed of several components. The shorter wavelength region adopts push broom scanners, while long wave region uses a conventional whisk broom scanner. The orbit of GCOM-W1 is A-train, while the orbit of GCOM-C1 will be similar to ADEOS Ⅱ. GCOM-C L1B product will be distributed from June 2018, and the initial results from GCOM-C will be presented at the Symposium.
{"title":"Global Change Observation Mission (GCOM)","authors":"H. Shimoda","doi":"10.1117/12.2325535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2325535","url":null,"abstract":"JAXA is now planning GCOM mission which is composed of a series of satellites. They are called GCOM-W and GCOM-C satellites. Both satellites are composed of 3 satellites with 5 year lifetime. Hence, 13 years of continuous observation can be assured with 1 year overlaps. The first satellite of GCOM-W was launched on 18, May, 2012 while the first one of GCOM-C was launched on 23, Dec. 2017. GCOM-W1 carries AMSR-2. AMSR-2 is very similar to AMSR on ADEOS Ⅱ and AMSR-E on EOS-Aqua with some modifications. GCOM-C1 will carry SGLI. The SGLI will be rather different from GLI. The main targets of SGLI are atmospheric aerosols, coastal zone and land. In order to measure aerosols over both ocean and land, it will have an near ultra violet channel, as well as polarization and bidirectional observation capability. For, coastal zone and land observation, the IFOV of SGLI for these targets is around 250m. The instrument will be composed of several components. The shorter wavelength region adopts push broom scanners, while long wave region uses a conventional whisk broom scanner. The orbit of GCOM-W1 is A-train, while the orbit of GCOM-C1 will be similar to ADEOS Ⅱ. GCOM-C L1B product will be distributed from June 2018, and the initial results from GCOM-C will be presented at the Symposium.","PeriodicalId":370971,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing","volume":"10781 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129604852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Zhang, Liang Zhao, Weihe Wang, Shihao Tang, F. Huang
The daily dataset of coherent total column ozone were created from FY3/TOU from 2008 to 2017. Using total column ozone from FY3/TOU and tropospheric and stratospheric column ozone from AURA OMI/MLS satellite data, the seasonal variations of the climatological ozone in the region (40°E-160°E, 0-60ºN) are analyzed for the total, tropospheric and stratospheric column, respectively. Differences of ozone and circulation pattern between strong and weak East Asian summer monsoon year are also investigated. Variation of total, tropospheric and stratospheric column ozone is dominated by a low value center over the Tibetan Plateau and abnormal distribution in the monsoon region. There are significant differences of ozone concentration and circulation pattern during strong and weak monsoon in summer. The combination of the monsoon anomaly and the upper westerly jet anomaly affects obviously distribution of the tropospheric and stratospheric ozone during summer in the East Asia and the western Pacific regions.
{"title":"Summer ozone variation derived from FY3/TOU satellite data and impacts of East Asian summer monsoon","authors":"Yan Zhang, Liang Zhao, Weihe Wang, Shihao Tang, F. Huang","doi":"10.1117/12.2324838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2324838","url":null,"abstract":"The daily dataset of coherent total column ozone were created from FY3/TOU from 2008 to 2017. Using total column ozone from FY3/TOU and tropospheric and stratospheric column ozone from AURA OMI/MLS satellite data, the seasonal variations of the climatological ozone in the region (40°E-160°E, 0-60ºN) are analyzed for the total, tropospheric and stratospheric column, respectively. Differences of ozone and circulation pattern between strong and weak East Asian summer monsoon year are also investigated. Variation of total, tropospheric and stratospheric column ozone is dominated by a low value center over the Tibetan Plateau and abnormal distribution in the monsoon region. There are significant differences of ozone concentration and circulation pattern during strong and weak monsoon in summer. The combination of the monsoon anomaly and the upper westerly jet anomaly affects obviously distribution of the tropospheric and stratospheric ozone during summer in the East Asia and the western Pacific regions.","PeriodicalId":370971,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124999840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A method is given to calculate the atmospheric vertical visibility profile through the extinction coefficient which provided from the Level 2 aerosol optical products of CALIPSO spaceborne lidar. Five visibility profiles during haze around Shanghai (3 for daytime and 2 for nighttime) were analyzed in this paper to reveal vertical distribution characteristics during haze and non-haze period. Results show that vertical visibility during the haze period is from 0 to 3km where aerosols were mainly concentrated in the haze layer. The mean thickness of aerosol layer whose visibility is less than 10km was 2.27km, and the vertical height shows characteristics of both uniform and non-uniform distributions. During the non-haze period, less aerosols were distributed in the atmosphere so that there was a significantly higher vertical visibility than in haze cases.
{"title":"Study on vertical visibility during haze in Shanghai based on the spaceborne lidar","authors":"Xiaojun Ma, Yonghang Chen, Jianping Huang","doi":"10.1117/12.2324625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2324625","url":null,"abstract":"A method is given to calculate the atmospheric vertical visibility profile through the extinction coefficient which provided from the Level 2 aerosol optical products of CALIPSO spaceborne lidar. Five visibility profiles during haze around Shanghai (3 for daytime and 2 for nighttime) were analyzed in this paper to reveal vertical distribution characteristics during haze and non-haze period. Results show that vertical visibility during the haze period is from 0 to 3km where aerosols were mainly concentrated in the haze layer. The mean thickness of aerosol layer whose visibility is less than 10km was 2.27km, and the vertical height shows characteristics of both uniform and non-uniform distributions. During the non-haze period, less aerosols were distributed in the atmosphere so that there was a significantly higher vertical visibility than in haze cases.","PeriodicalId":370971,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing","volume":"10776 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130902883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake was a series of earthquake events, including the moment-magnitude (Mw) 7.0 mainshock on April 16, 2016 and the Mw 6.2 foreshock on April 14. Due to the strong shaking, more than 8,000 buildings were collapsed and about 30,000 buildings were severely damaged. Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) acquired high density (5.93 point/m2 ) Lidar data on May 8, 2016, three weeks after the earthquakes. In this study, the pre- and postevent Lidar data were used to detect the collapsed buildings in Mashiki town, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan, which was one of the most severely affected regions. The pre-event Lidar data were taken on May 15, 2006 with the 0.72 point/m2 density. A report of building damage grades obtained by the field surveys of the Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) was introduced as the reference. First, the statistics of height differences within each building outline were calculated. Then the characteristics of the different damage grades were investigated. As a result, the average values of the height differences were adopted to extract collapsed buildings. 618 buildings were extracted as collapsed from 3,408 buildings existed in 2006. Comparing with the reference, 91% collapsed buildings were detected successfully, and the F-score was 0.88.
2016年熊本地震是一系列地震事件，包括2016年4月16日7.0级主震和4月14日6.2级前震。由于强烈的震动，8000多座建筑物倒塌，约3万幢建筑物严重受损。2016年5月8日，地震发生三周后，日本地理空间信息管理局(GSI)获得了高密度(5.93点/m2)激光雷达数据。本研究利用地震前后的激光雷达数据对日本熊本县益城镇的倒塌建筑进行了检测，熊本县益城镇是受灾最严重的地区之一。事件前激光雷达数据采集于2006年5月15日，密度为0.72点/m2。介绍了日本建筑学会(Architectural Institute of Japan, AIJ)实地调查所得的建筑物损坏等级报告作为参考。首先，统计各建筑轮廓内的高差。然后研究了不同损伤等级的特征。因此，采用高差的平均值提取倒塌建筑。2006年存在的3408座建筑物中，有618座被提取出来。与参考文献相比，成功检测到91%的倒塌建筑，f值为0.88。
{"title":"Extraction of collapsed buildings due to the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake using two-temporal Lidar data","authors":"W. Liu, F. Yamazaki","doi":"10.1117/12.2324385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2324385","url":null,"abstract":"The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake was a series of earthquake events, including the moment-magnitude (Mw) 7.0 mainshock on April 16, 2016 and the Mw 6.2 foreshock on April 14. Due to the strong shaking, more than 8,000 buildings were collapsed and about 30,000 buildings were severely damaged. Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) acquired high density (5.93 point/m2 ) Lidar data on May 8, 2016, three weeks after the earthquakes. In this study, the pre- and postevent Lidar data were used to detect the collapsed buildings in Mashiki town, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan, which was one of the most severely affected regions. The pre-event Lidar data were taken on May 15, 2006 with the 0.72 point/m2 density. A report of building damage grades obtained by the field surveys of the Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) was introduced as the reference. First, the statistics of height differences within each building outline were calculated. Then the characteristics of the different damage grades were investigated. As a result, the average values of the height differences were adopted to extract collapsed buildings. 618 buildings were extracted as collapsed from 3,408 buildings existed in 2006. Comparing with the reference, 91% collapsed buildings were detected successfully, and the F-score was 0.88.","PeriodicalId":370971,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing","volume":"2006 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125828106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During intense spring and early summer storms, substantial volumes of dust from east Asian desert regions are lofted over the continent and transported by prevailing winds across the Pacific Ocean. The phenomenon has wide reaching effects including long range nutrient and sediment transport as well as radiative forcing. Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) is an atmospheric baseline station in Hawaii at an altitude of 3397-m.a.s.l.. MLO’s CCD Camera Lidar (CLidar) has fine near-ground altitude resolution, which makes it a useful system for Asian dust detection, especially at high altitude sites such as MLO. A 20-Watt, 532-nm Nd:YAG laser was vertically transmitted into the atmosphere above MLO. The side-scatter from atmospheric constituents, such as clouds, aerosols, and air molecules was detected by a wide-angle CCD camera situated 139-m from the laser. The obtained signal was range-normalized using a molecular scattering model and corrected for transmission with a column-averaged aerosol phase function derived from MLO-based AERONET photometer measurements. In several of the resulting aerosol extinction profiles, notable aerosol layers were observed near altitude ranges in which Asian dust is typically transported by prevailing winds. Corresponding relative humidity measurements made by nearby radiosondes were examined to differentiate aerosol scattering from cloud scattering. To further examine layers exhibiting both aerosol extinction peaks and relative humidity levels below that of tenuous ice clouds, back trajectories were conducted using NOAA’s Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model. Several layers from 2008 and 2009 were traced back to East Asian deserts.
{"title":"Using a CCD camera lidar system for detection of Asian dust","authors":"Jalal Butt, Chris Oville, N. Sharma, J. Barnes","doi":"10.1117/12.2324551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2324551","url":null,"abstract":"During intense spring and early summer storms, substantial volumes of dust from east Asian desert regions are lofted over the continent and transported by prevailing winds across the Pacific Ocean. The phenomenon has wide reaching effects including long range nutrient and sediment transport as well as radiative forcing. Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) is an atmospheric baseline station in Hawaii at an altitude of 3397-m.a.s.l.. MLO’s CCD Camera Lidar (CLidar) has fine near-ground altitude resolution, which makes it a useful system for Asian dust detection, especially at high altitude sites such as MLO. A 20-Watt, 532-nm Nd:YAG laser was vertically transmitted into the atmosphere above MLO. The side-scatter from atmospheric constituents, such as clouds, aerosols, and air molecules was detected by a wide-angle CCD camera situated 139-m from the laser. The obtained signal was range-normalized using a molecular scattering model and corrected for transmission with a column-averaged aerosol phase function derived from MLO-based AERONET photometer measurements. In several of the resulting aerosol extinction profiles, notable aerosol layers were observed near altitude ranges in which Asian dust is typically transported by prevailing winds. Corresponding relative humidity measurements made by nearby radiosondes were examined to differentiate aerosol scattering from cloud scattering. To further examine layers exhibiting both aerosol extinction peaks and relative humidity levels below that of tenuous ice clouds, back trajectories were conducted using NOAA’s Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model. Several layers from 2008 and 2009 were traced back to East Asian deserts.","PeriodicalId":370971,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114957748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Allan, J. Abshire, H. Riris, J. Mao, W. Hasselbrack, K. Numata, Jeffrey R. Chen, R. Kawa, Mike Rodriguez, M. Stephen
NASA Goddard’s CO2 Sounder is a pulsed, multiple-wavelength, IPDA-lidar. It was flown onboard the NASA DC-8 to measure atmospheric CO2 column concentrations (XCO2) in the lower stratosphere and troposphere of the Arctic region of North America as part of the 2017 ASCENDS airborne campaign. Eight flights covering 40,000 km were flown in late July and August over Alaska and Canada’s Northwest Territories, including a northern transit east of the Rockies and a return transit partly over the ocean between Alaska and California. The Arctic flights were coordinated with the 2017 Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) campaign. The metrological conditions were challenging: a non-uniform CO2 distribution, a dynamic atmosphere and varied surface-reflectivity. To assess the accuracy of our lidar the aircraft’s scientific payload included the AVOCET and Picarro instruments. These two instruments measured in-situ XCO2 during the flights and column XCO2 from 47 separate descent spirals from ~12 km altitude to near ground at local airfields distributed throughout the measurement region. Each spiral maneuver allows a direct comparison between the retrievals of XCO2 from the lidar against those computed from insitu instruments. The CO2 Sounder worked very well during all phases of the campaign. Analysis to date shows the lidar measured column concentrations are in close agreement with in-situ column measurements with a precision of better than 0.8 ppm with 1 second averaging. In addition, preliminary analyses of measurements to the ubiquitous cloud tops also produced column concentrations and information on the vertical XCO2 structure.
{"title":"Lidar measurements of CO2 column concentrations in the Arctic region of North America from the ASCENDS 2017 airborne campaign","authors":"G. Allan, J. Abshire, H. Riris, J. Mao, W. Hasselbrack, K. Numata, Jeffrey R. Chen, R. Kawa, Mike Rodriguez, M. Stephen","doi":"10.1117/12.2325908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2325908","url":null,"abstract":"NASA Goddard’s CO2 Sounder is a pulsed, multiple-wavelength, IPDA-lidar. It was flown onboard the NASA DC-8 to measure atmospheric CO2 column concentrations (XCO2) in the lower stratosphere and troposphere of the Arctic region of North America as part of the 2017 ASCENDS airborne campaign. Eight flights covering 40,000 km were flown in late July and August over Alaska and Canada’s Northwest Territories, including a northern transit east of the Rockies and a return transit partly over the ocean between Alaska and California. The Arctic flights were coordinated with the 2017 Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) campaign. The metrological conditions were challenging: a non-uniform CO2 distribution, a dynamic atmosphere and varied surface-reflectivity. To assess the accuracy of our lidar the aircraft’s scientific payload included the AVOCET and Picarro instruments. These two instruments measured in-situ XCO2 during the flights and column XCO2 from 47 separate descent spirals from ~12 km altitude to near ground at local airfields distributed throughout the measurement region. Each spiral maneuver allows a direct comparison between the retrievals of XCO2 from the lidar against those computed from insitu instruments. The CO2 Sounder worked very well during all phases of the campaign. Analysis to date shows the lidar measured column concentrations are in close agreement with in-situ column measurements with a precision of better than 0.8 ppm with 1 second averaging. In addition, preliminary analyses of measurements to the ubiquitous cloud tops also produced column concentrations and information on the vertical XCO2 structure.","PeriodicalId":370971,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121847613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. V. Simeonov, T. Dinoev, I. Serikov, S. Bobrovnikov, Alexander Hafele, G. Martucci, Daniel Leuenbergerd, B. Calpini
Water vapor and temperature spatial distribution and their temporal evolution are among the most important parameters in numerical weather forecasting and climate models. The operational relative humidity/temperature profiling in meteorology is carried out mostly by radio sondes. Sondes provide profiles with high vertical resolution but suffer from systematic errors and low temporal resolution. The temporal resolution is also a limitation for the now-casting, which has become more and more important for meteorological alerts and for the aviation. Recently, some of national meteorological services have introduced Raman lidars for additional operational humidity/temperature profiling. The lidars allow monitoring of water vapor mixing ratio and temperature with high vertical and temporal resolutions. Here the design and measurement results from the Raman Lidar for Meteorological Observation (RALMO) developed by the Ecole Polytechnique Féderal de Lausanne (EPFL) and operated by MeteoSwiss is presented as an illustration of the potential of Raman lidars in operational meteorology. The first applications of lidar data in numerical weather forecasting is also discussed.
{"title":"Raman lidar in operational meteorology","authors":"B. V. Simeonov, T. Dinoev, I. Serikov, S. Bobrovnikov, Alexander Hafele, G. Martucci, Daniel Leuenbergerd, B. Calpini","doi":"10.1117/12.2501987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2501987","url":null,"abstract":"Water vapor and temperature spatial distribution and their temporal evolution are among the most important parameters in numerical weather forecasting and climate models. The operational relative humidity/temperature profiling in meteorology is carried out mostly by radio sondes. Sondes provide profiles with high vertical resolution but suffer from systematic errors and low temporal resolution. The temporal resolution is also a limitation for the now-casting, which has become more and more important for meteorological alerts and for the aviation. Recently, some of national meteorological services have introduced Raman lidars for additional operational humidity/temperature profiling. The lidars allow monitoring of water vapor mixing ratio and temperature with high vertical and temporal resolutions. Here the design and measurement results from the Raman Lidar for Meteorological Observation (RALMO) developed by the Ecole Polytechnique Féderal de Lausanne (EPFL) and operated by MeteoSwiss is presented as an illustration of the potential of Raman lidars in operational meteorology. The first applications of lidar data in numerical weather forecasting is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":370971,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117330403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The characteristics of this GPP estimation method correspond to the photosynthesis process. The photosynthetic rate varies from it's capacity by weather conditions, where depression thereof is controlled by stomatal opening and closing. In this study, we used flux data from a dry area and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) surface temperature products to define a canopy conductance index. First, we studied the contribution ratios of elements of canopy conductance using the big-leaf model with diurnal change flux data averaged over 8 days. Next, the correlations of meteorological and flux elements with surface temperature data from MODIS were studied. The largest contributor to the denominator of canopy conductance was found to be vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and that of the numerator was evapotranspiration. During the period around noon, evapotranspiration did not change dramatically and the canopy conductance index was estimated as the slope of 1/VPD, which changes over time. In the dry area, the surface temperatures around 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. were strongly correlated with VPD at 11 a.m. and 1 p.m., respectively. For dry areas, therefore, the slope of 1/VPD can be estimated using surface temperature data from satellite sensors.
{"title":"Canopy conductance index for GPP estimation from it's capacity","authors":"K. Muramatsu","doi":"10.1117/12.2324247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2324247","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of this GPP estimation method correspond to the photosynthesis process. The photosynthetic rate varies from it's capacity by weather conditions, where depression thereof is controlled by stomatal opening and closing. In this study, we used flux data from a dry area and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) surface temperature products to define a canopy conductance index. First, we studied the contribution ratios of elements of canopy conductance using the big-leaf model with diurnal change flux data averaged over 8 days. Next, the correlations of meteorological and flux elements with surface temperature data from MODIS were studied. The largest contributor to the denominator of canopy conductance was found to be vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and that of the numerator was evapotranspiration. During the period around noon, evapotranspiration did not change dramatically and the canopy conductance index was estimated as the slope of 1/VPD, which changes over time. In the dry area, the surface temperatures around 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. were strongly correlated with VPD at 11 a.m. and 1 p.m., respectively. For dry areas, therefore, the slope of 1/VPD can be estimated using surface temperature data from satellite sensors.","PeriodicalId":370971,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123655746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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