The authors present a computerized support system (expert system) that has been developed to support a coordinating engineer in scheduling power system outages from outage requests submitted by maintenance engineers. An intelligent man-machine interface comprising a cognitive model of the coordinating engineer based on analysis of such work performed at a dispatching center and the knowledge base used for examining outage requests and preparing outage schedule proposals are discussed. This main support has two main distinctive functions: display of data needed for preparing and modifying outage schedules, and examination of outage requests and generation of outage schedule proposals.<>
{"title":"An expert system with cognitive model for power system outage scheduling","authors":"H. Ogi, Y. Takeshima, J. Shinohara, K. Haruki","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1989.38993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1989.38993","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present a computerized support system (expert system) that has been developed to support a coordinating engineer in scheduling power system outages from outage requests submitted by maintenance engineers. An intelligent man-machine interface comprising a cognitive model of the coordinating engineer based on analysis of such work performed at a dispatching center and the knowledge base used for examining outage requests and preparing outage schedule proposals are discussed. This main support has two main distinctive functions: display of data needed for preparing and modifying outage schedules, and examination of outage requests and generation of outage schedule proposals.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":371044,"journal":{"name":"Conference Papers Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128738652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors describe Florida Power and Light Company's experience with an extensive unit commitment program, operational since 1987. This program gives the system operator the capability to optimize, in a single run, unit commitment schedules, fossil fuels burned, and external power purchases, while accounting for area security and other operating constraints. It is concluded that this experience with the extensive unit commitment program over the past two years showed that the decision to upgrade the sequential combination unit commitment program was well founded. The program is very heavily used by the operators to obtain unit startup and shutdown schedules, external power purchases, and daily unit gas burns.<>
{"title":"Optimization of diverse energy sources using an extensive unit commitment program","authors":"D. French, B. Perry, J. Farah, M. G. Kamienny","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1989.38995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1989.38995","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe Florida Power and Light Company's experience with an extensive unit commitment program, operational since 1987. This program gives the system operator the capability to optimize, in a single run, unit commitment schedules, fossil fuels burned, and external power purchases, while accounting for area security and other operating constraints. It is concluded that this experience with the extensive unit commitment program over the past two years showed that the decision to upgrade the sequential combination unit commitment program was well founded. The program is very heavily used by the operators to obtain unit startup and shutdown schedules, external power purchases, and daily unit gas burns.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":371044,"journal":{"name":"Conference Papers Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127820757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Barazesh, A. Vidigal, H. Oliveira, O.G. Lobo, P. Roldao, J.P. Sucena Paiva, L. Barruncho, J. Giri
A description is given of the National Control System of Electricidade de Portugal, a two-tier scheme which comprises nine control centers and 60 remote terminal units. This system became operational in 1988. Experience in the energy management system industry shows that projects of this nature have certain requirements in several areas for a smooth completion. These areas include specification of the system, design and application of the purchased product, and the procurement of the system. The authors review the way in which these requirements were addressed in the National Control System Project. Further, the potential areas for functional expansion of the system, the associated technology, and the ease of expansion due to the open nature of the system are discussed.<>
{"title":"Implementation and field experience of a national energy control system","authors":"B. Barazesh, A. Vidigal, H. Oliveira, O.G. Lobo, P. Roldao, J.P. Sucena Paiva, L. Barruncho, J. Giri","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1989.39030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1989.39030","url":null,"abstract":"A description is given of the National Control System of Electricidade de Portugal, a two-tier scheme which comprises nine control centers and 60 remote terminal units. This system became operational in 1988. Experience in the energy management system industry shows that projects of this nature have certain requirements in several areas for a smooth completion. These areas include specification of the system, design and application of the purchased product, and the procurement of the system. The authors review the way in which these requirements were addressed in the National Control System Project. Further, the potential areas for functional expansion of the system, the associated technology, and the ease of expansion due to the open nature of the system are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":371044,"journal":{"name":"Conference Papers Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126075390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of knowledge-based systems (KBS) in the development of energy management system (EMS) applications is addressed. Since the user interaction principles in today's EMSs are not considered good enough, a tentative specification for the next generation of EMS applications is proposed. The justification for the use of KBS technology in power system operation is discussed, and a prototype KBS development environment is presented. The goal of this project was to get security analysis tools into daily operation through a user-friendly and powerful man-machine interface. Dedicated hardware (LISP-machine) and sophisticated software tools (expert system shell) were used in the KBS development environment.<>
{"title":"Knowledge based development environments for EMS applications","authors":"L. Holten, A. Maeland","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1989.38990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1989.38990","url":null,"abstract":"The use of knowledge-based systems (KBS) in the development of energy management system (EMS) applications is addressed. Since the user interaction principles in today's EMSs are not considered good enough, a tentative specification for the next generation of EMS applications is proposed. The justification for the use of KBS technology in power system operation is discussed, and a prototype KBS development environment is presented. The goal of this project was to get security analysis tools into daily operation through a user-friendly and powerful man-machine interface. Dedicated hardware (LISP-machine) and sophisticated software tools (expert system shell) were used in the KBS development environment.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":371044,"journal":{"name":"Conference Papers Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122142362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The chronological simulation program BENCHMARK can be used in a Monte Carlo mode to produce approximate production cost distributions. An exhaustive enumeration experiment can be conducted to measure their accuracy. An example is given for a power system with seven thermal units. Three price scenarios were included on the cost of replacement power for generation shortfalls. Chronological simulation programs such as BENCHMARK can also be calibrated when used in the deterministic mode to match system operating policy. The Monte Carlo procedure can then be used to validate production costing results for large systems with some assurance. Cumulative probability distribution curves produced in this process present useful information for decision making.<>
{"title":"A validation process for probablistic production costing programs (for electric utilities)","authors":"J. K. Delson, X. Feng, W. Smith","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1989.39013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1989.39013","url":null,"abstract":"The chronological simulation program BENCHMARK can be used in a Monte Carlo mode to produce approximate production cost distributions. An exhaustive enumeration experiment can be conducted to measure their accuracy. An example is given for a power system with seven thermal units. Three price scenarios were included on the cost of replacement power for generation shortfalls. Chronological simulation programs such as BENCHMARK can also be calibrated when used in the deterministic mode to match system operating policy. The Monte Carlo procedure can then be used to validate production costing results for large systems with some assurance. Cumulative probability distribution curves produced in this process present useful information for decision making.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":371044,"journal":{"name":"Conference Papers Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125675845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A state-estimation-based external power network modeling approach is proposed. The proposed approach is designed to improve the numerical stability and provide an external network model for online security analysis. An initial load flow study that provides a preliminary solution for the external network is followed by a state estimation using pseudo-measurements and proper weighting factors. Methods for handling multiple observable islands in the external network modeling process are described, and simulation tests are carried out on a practical system with realistic complexity. The proposed method provides a way of dispersing external data errors to the remote portions of the external network. Information for error detection and identification is available from the proposed method. It is believed that continual update of the external network model using real-time data available from neighboring utilities in conjunction with the identification and removal of erroneous data assumptions could lead to a more accurate and realistic external network for use during online contingency analysis.<>
{"title":"An external network modeling for on-line security analysis","authors":"C. Lu, K.-C. Liu, S. Vemuri","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1989.38998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1989.38998","url":null,"abstract":"A state-estimation-based external power network modeling approach is proposed. The proposed approach is designed to improve the numerical stability and provide an external network model for online security analysis. An initial load flow study that provides a preliminary solution for the external network is followed by a state estimation using pseudo-measurements and proper weighting factors. Methods for handling multiple observable islands in the external network modeling process are described, and simulation tests are carried out on a practical system with realistic complexity. The proposed method provides a way of dispersing external data errors to the remote portions of the external network. Information for error detection and identification is available from the proposed method. It is believed that continual update of the external network model using real-time data available from neighboring utilities in conjunction with the identification and removal of erroneous data assumptions could lead to a more accurate and realistic external network for use during online contingency analysis.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":371044,"journal":{"name":"Conference Papers Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121803281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors describe the extended decomposition simulation approach for multi-area reliability calculations. The approach differs from the original decomposition-simulation approach in that area loads are modeled by a multi-area load model, simulation indices are compared differently, and frequency indices are computed. The authors present a brief description of the overall approach. Algorithms for computing indices in the simulation approach and frequency due to generation changes are described. These algorithms are aimed at improving the accuracy of the simulation indices and the efficiency of the procedure for computing frequency due to generation changes. The latter algorithm is based on a set of well-defined relationships among the sets obtained in the decomposition approach. System studies are presented to illustrate the merits of the proposed algorithms.<>
{"title":"The extended decomposition-simulation approach for multi-area reliability calculations (interconnected power systems)","authors":"A. Lago-conzalez, C. Singh","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1989.38975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1989.38975","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe the extended decomposition simulation approach for multi-area reliability calculations. The approach differs from the original decomposition-simulation approach in that area loads are modeled by a multi-area load model, simulation indices are compared differently, and frequency indices are computed. The authors present a brief description of the overall approach. Algorithms for computing indices in the simulation approach and frequency due to generation changes are described. These algorithms are aimed at improving the accuracy of the simulation indices and the efficiency of the procedure for computing frequency due to generation changes. The latter algorithm is based on a set of well-defined relationships among the sets obtained in the decomposition approach. System studies are presented to illustrate the merits of the proposed algorithms.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":371044,"journal":{"name":"Conference Papers Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122695585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A thorough analysis of the needs of future energy management systems (EMSs) is presented, with consideration given to their present state, the behavior of the power system, and the capabilities of the operator. The availability of efficient subsystems provides a basis for a discussion of centralization versus decentralization, especially with respect to dynamic system behavior. A ranking principle is introduced, which serves as a guideline for further developments. As an intermediate result, possible new functions and requirements are treated. It is concluded that EMSs are mainly oriented towards the normal and alert states. Insufficient functionality is available for controlling the emergency and restoration state. Because of increasing CPU power, the operator is expected to perceive unreasonably large volumes of data. Future systems which are essentially free of any technological constraints have to be adapted to the receptivity of the operator. The authors suggest functions providing more user-oriented functionality.<>
{"title":"Requirements for future energy management systems","authors":"H. Asal, H. Glavitsch, G. Schaffer","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1989.39028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1989.39028","url":null,"abstract":"A thorough analysis of the needs of future energy management systems (EMSs) is presented, with consideration given to their present state, the behavior of the power system, and the capabilities of the operator. The availability of efficient subsystems provides a basis for a discussion of centralization versus decentralization, especially with respect to dynamic system behavior. A ranking principle is introduced, which serves as a guideline for further developments. As an intermediate result, possible new functions and requirements are treated. It is concluded that EMSs are mainly oriented towards the normal and alert states. Insufficient functionality is available for controlling the emergency and restoration state. Because of increasing CPU power, the operator is expected to perceive unreasonably large volumes of data. Future systems which are essentially free of any technological constraints have to be adapted to the receptivity of the operator. The authors suggest functions providing more user-oriented functionality.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":371044,"journal":{"name":"Conference Papers Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121105808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A neural-network approach was used in building and testing an experimental intelligent alarm processor (IAP) which analyzes the multiple alarms associated with a power system problem and identifies the particular problem causing these alarms. The test results, although preliminary, suggest that the neural-network approach could be the answer to the problem of developing a generic intelligent alarm processor that can be implemented by utilities with minimal customization effort. When there is no missing alarm data, the experimental IAP correctly interprets 100% of the system problems. When there is missing alarm data, and if such missing data will not result in an alarm combination identical to one associated with another system problem, the experimental IAP successfully makes the right guess. This is similar to the behavior of a human system operator.<>
{"title":"Application of neural-network computing in intelligent alarm processing (power systems)","authors":"E.H.P. Chan","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1989.39002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1989.39002","url":null,"abstract":"A neural-network approach was used in building and testing an experimental intelligent alarm processor (IAP) which analyzes the multiple alarms associated with a power system problem and identifies the particular problem causing these alarms. The test results, although preliminary, suggest that the neural-network approach could be the answer to the problem of developing a generic intelligent alarm processor that can be implemented by utilities with minimal customization effort. When there is no missing alarm data, the experimental IAP correctly interprets 100% of the system problems. When there is missing alarm data, and if such missing data will not result in an alarm combination identical to one associated with another system problem, the experimental IAP successfully makes the right guess. This is similar to the behavior of a human system operator.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":371044,"journal":{"name":"Conference Papers Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132562007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Griffith, S. Erwin, J. T. Wood, K. Le, J. Day, C. K. Yin
The authors describe the software tools that are currently used at Southern Company Services, Inc. (SCS) to perform postanalysis and present two case studies to illustrate the use of the tools in the day-to-day operating environment. This postanalysis practice has proved to be very effective in enhancing the cost awareness among system dispatchers and sharpening their intuitive knowledge about overall system economics. By running postanalysis on a daily basis, SCS observed a number of concrete benefits: (1) with postanalysis, dispatchers have concrete feedback on how well the system was dispatched the previous day; (2) a target ration can be established to monitor the real-time pool performance; and (3) through postanalysis, the benefits for improving various aspects of system operation can be easily and reliably quantified.<>
作者描述了目前在Southern Company Services, Inc. (SCS)用于执行后期分析的软件工具，并提供了两个案例研究来说明这些工具在日常操作环境中的使用。事实证明，这种事后分析的做法在提高系统调度员的成本意识和增强他们对整个系统经济的直观认识方面非常有效。通过每天运行后分析，SCS观察到一些具体的好处:(1)通过后分析，调度员对系统前一天的调度情况有具体的反馈;(2)可以建立目标比率来监控池的实时性能;(3)通过事后分析，可以方便、可靠地量化改进系统运行各方面的效益。
{"title":"Using a cost-reconstruction tool to analyze historical system operation","authors":"J. Griffith, S. Erwin, J. T. Wood, K. Le, J. Day, C. K. Yin","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1989.39011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1989.39011","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe the software tools that are currently used at Southern Company Services, Inc. (SCS) to perform postanalysis and present two case studies to illustrate the use of the tools in the day-to-day operating environment. This postanalysis practice has proved to be very effective in enhancing the cost awareness among system dispatchers and sharpening their intuitive knowledge about overall system economics. By running postanalysis on a daily basis, SCS observed a number of concrete benefits: (1) with postanalysis, dispatchers have concrete feedback on how well the system was dispatched the previous day; (2) a target ration can be established to monitor the real-time pool performance; and (3) through postanalysis, the benefits for improving various aspects of system operation can be easily and reliably quantified.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":371044,"journal":{"name":"Conference Papers Power Industry Computer Application Conference","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123235162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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