{"title":"ABBREVIATIONS","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1416268.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1416268.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371071,"journal":{"name":"The Machine Has a Soul","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124763819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Back Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1416268.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1416268.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371071,"journal":{"name":"The Machine Has a Soul","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123900526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ACKNOWLEDGMENTS","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1416268.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1416268.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371071,"journal":{"name":"The Machine Has a Soul","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115538763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"List of Illustrations","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1416268.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1416268.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371071,"journal":{"name":"The Machine Has a Soul","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115019338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CONCLUSION:","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1416268.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1416268.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371071,"journal":{"name":"The Machine Has a Soul","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128092451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mystic in a Morning Coat:","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1416268.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1416268.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371071,"journal":{"name":"The Machine Has a Soul","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122435572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-12DOI: 10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691208107.003.0002
K. Hull
This chapter examines how American sympathizers with fascism reacted against the prevailing culture of disillusionment in the wake of World War I. By 1922, they could tell Italy's story in a satisfying narrative arc, starting with despair and ending with redemption. According to their perceptions, Italians in 1920 were extreme embodiments of the modern mood. These observers argued that fascist squads excited senses numbed by the apathetic atmosphere left in the wake of the war. Richard Washburn Child and Herbert Schneider both suggested that fascist violence was not necessary for the suppression of communism. Anne O'Hare McCormick, by contrast, insisted that the fascists prevented a Bolshevik-style revolution in Italy. But whatever their position on the relationship between the biennio rosso and fascism, all three of these observers admired squadrist violence qua violence.
{"title":"The Good Adventure","authors":"K. Hull","doi":"10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691208107.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691208107.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines how American sympathizers with fascism reacted against the prevailing culture of disillusionment in the wake of World War I. By 1922, they could tell Italy's story in a satisfying narrative arc, starting with despair and ending with redemption. According to their perceptions, Italians in 1920 were extreme embodiments of the modern mood. These observers argued that fascist squads excited senses numbed by the apathetic atmosphere left in the wake of the war. Richard Washburn Child and Herbert Schneider both suggested that fascist violence was not necessary for the suppression of communism. Anne O'Hare McCormick, by contrast, insisted that the fascists prevented a Bolshevik-style revolution in Italy. But whatever their position on the relationship between the biennio rosso and fascism, all three of these observers admired squadrist violence qua violence.","PeriodicalId":371071,"journal":{"name":"The Machine Has a Soul","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129152280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-12DOI: 10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691208107.003.0005
K. Hull
This chapter assesses how, during the depression years, American fascist sympathizers fashioned images of Italy and Benito Mussolini to suggest the kind of country they wanted the United States to be, and the kind of leader they wanted the United States to have. These observers echoed widespread interpretations of the depression as a product of machine-made capitalism, exacerbated by a government that had fetishized technology at the expense of human beings. A silver lining of the crisis, they believed, was that it forced a recalibration of the United States, away from bigness, mass-production, and the metropolis, toward simplicity, the home, and the countryside. In Franklin D. Roosevelt, some fascist sympathizers saw a leader who, like Mussolini, understood ordinary people and wanted, above anything, to help them. And by relaying the apparent successes of fascist policies, American sympathizers argued that the New Deal could succeed in making man, rather than machines, once more the measure of all things.
本章评估了在大萧条时期，美国法西斯同情者如何塑造意大利和贝尼托·墨索里尼的形象，以暗示他们希望美国成为什么样的国家，以及他们希望美国拥有什么样的领导人。这些观察人士附和了人们对大萧条的普遍解读，认为大萧条是机器制造的资本主义的产物，而政府以牺牲人类为代价来崇拜技术，加剧了大萧条。他们认为，危机的一线希望是，它迫使美国重新调整，从庞大、大规模生产和大都市，转向简单、家庭和农村。在富兰克林·d·罗斯福(Franklin D. Roosevelt)身上，一些法西斯主义者的同情者看到了一个像墨索里尼(Mussolini)一样理解普通人、最重要的是想要帮助他们的领导人。通过再现法西斯政策的明显成功，美国的同情者认为，新政可以成功地让人，而不是机器，再次成为衡量一切的标准。
{"title":"Man as the Measure of All Things","authors":"K. Hull","doi":"10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691208107.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691208107.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter assesses how, during the depression years, American fascist sympathizers fashioned images of Italy and Benito Mussolini to suggest the kind of country they wanted the United States to be, and the kind of leader they wanted the United States to have. These observers echoed widespread interpretations of the depression as a product of machine-made capitalism, exacerbated by a government that had fetishized technology at the expense of human beings. A silver lining of the crisis, they believed, was that it forced a recalibration of the United States, away from bigness, mass-production, and the metropolis, toward simplicity, the home, and the countryside. In Franklin D. Roosevelt, some fascist sympathizers saw a leader who, like Mussolini, understood ordinary people and wanted, above anything, to help them. And by relaying the apparent successes of fascist policies, American sympathizers argued that the New Deal could succeed in making man, rather than machines, once more the measure of all things.","PeriodicalId":371071,"journal":{"name":"The Machine Has a Soul","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117175198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-12DOI: 10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691208107.003.0004
K. Hull
This chapter focuses on the fascist sympathizers' accounts of the destruction of democracy and the creation of the corporate state in Italy. In the late 1920s, Herbert Schneider, Richard Washburn Child, Anne O'Hare McCormick, and Generoso Pope presented a three-part argument about democracy and political reform in Italy and the United States. First, they harked back to the time of a multiparty system in Italy to imply a cautionary tale for the United States. Even if American democracy had not sunk to the same nadir as Italian democracy, a lack of congressional expertise, the rise of special interest groups, and popular disillusionment meant that it was experiencing similar symptoms of decay, they suggested. Second, they insisted that, through the corporate state, the fascist government had adapted political institutions to contemporary exigencies, enabling expert and efficient management of economic problems, and advancing policies in the direction of the general good. Last, these observers argued that the United States, too, needed to look beyond its preexisting institutions of government to create a state that was adept at dealing with the problems of modernity. They used fascist Italy to transport Americans to a different place, where policies were better managed, and the government was more popular, than in the United States.
{"title":"The Dream Machine","authors":"K. Hull","doi":"10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691208107.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/PRINCETON/9780691208107.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the fascist sympathizers' accounts of the destruction of democracy and the creation of the corporate state in Italy. In the late 1920s, Herbert Schneider, Richard Washburn Child, Anne O'Hare McCormick, and Generoso Pope presented a three-part argument about democracy and political reform in Italy and the United States. First, they harked back to the time of a multiparty system in Italy to imply a cautionary tale for the United States. Even if American democracy had not sunk to the same nadir as Italian democracy, a lack of congressional expertise, the rise of special interest groups, and popular disillusionment meant that it was experiencing similar symptoms of decay, they suggested. Second, they insisted that, through the corporate state, the fascist government had adapted political institutions to contemporary exigencies, enabling expert and efficient management of economic problems, and advancing policies in the direction of the general good. Last, these observers argued that the United States, too, needed to look beyond its preexisting institutions of government to create a state that was adept at dealing with the problems of modernity. They used fascist Italy to transport Americans to a different place, where policies were better managed, and the government was more popular, than in the United States.","PeriodicalId":371071,"journal":{"name":"The Machine Has a Soul","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132743043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Garden of Fascism:","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1416268.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1416268.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371071,"journal":{"name":"The Machine Has a Soul","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134540787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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