This study has addressed misconceptions and the learning process of chemical reactions. 14 student teachersperformed a written test consisting of 28 multiple choice questions and after participating in fivechemistry classes the students were interviewed individually focusing on misconceptions and experiencedlearning events. Several misconceptions and hindrances for the learning of chemical reactions were identified.Some of these are previously identified, but two were more surprising; Three out of 13 studentswere confused when switching between the terms chemical “reaction” and chemical “change”, a confusiongenerated by a chemistry textbook. In addition, one student mixed up the symbolic meaning of theletter “C” in NaCl to C for the element carbon. Another student learned the profound difference betweentwo states of a substance when the symbols (aq) and (l) were used to differ between “dissolved in water”and “liquid”. Finally, the students identified dialogue and laboratory work as important for their learningof chemical reactions.
{"title":"Lærerstudenters misoppfatninger og læring om kjemiske reaksjoner","authors":"Kåre Haugan, A. Holand","doi":"10.5617/NORDINA.8134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5617/NORDINA.8134","url":null,"abstract":"This study has addressed misconceptions and the learning process of chemical reactions. 14 student teachersperformed a written test consisting of 28 multiple choice questions and after participating in fivechemistry classes the students were interviewed individually focusing on misconceptions and experiencedlearning events. Several misconceptions and hindrances for the learning of chemical reactions were identified.Some of these are previously identified, but two were more surprising; Three out of 13 studentswere confused when switching between the terms chemical “reaction” and chemical “change”, a confusiongenerated by a chemistry textbook. In addition, one student mixed up the symbolic meaning of theletter “C” in NaCl to C for the element carbon. Another student learned the profound difference betweentwo states of a substance when the symbols (aq) and (l) were used to differ between “dissolved in water”and “liquid”. Finally, the students identified dialogue and laboratory work as important for their learningof chemical reactions.","PeriodicalId":37114,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies in Science Education","volume":"17 1","pages":"79-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45956630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous research has shown an increased student interest and enhanced learning when the school sciencecontent is related to other familiar contexts. This is particularly evident in intervention studies, whichaim to integrate the school science content with students’ everyday life. In this article, we analyse howteachers, in authentic situations, relate science content presented in lesson introductions to other contextssuch as everyday life or other school subjects. The data consists of observations of lesson introductionsin grade nine, from six different schools, in all eight hours of video recordings. The results point tothat teachers adopt a variety of ways in order to integrate the science content to other contexts, such asrelating to students’ everyday life, to different language perspectives or to other school subjects and therebyinitiate hybrid contexts. However, the results indicate that the teachers in this study initiate hybridcontexts to a low extent and seemingly ad hoc, in the moment. It is likely to believe that if students are tobenefit from contextualization as a means for enhancing interest and learning, learning activities need torelate science content to other relevant contexts in a more comprehensive way.
{"title":"Lärares kontextualisering av ämnesinnehåll -Hybrida kontexter i NO-undervisningen","authors":"Pernilla Granklint Enochson, Eva Davidsson","doi":"10.5617/NORDINA.7388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5617/NORDINA.7388","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has shown an increased student interest and enhanced learning when the school sciencecontent is related to other familiar contexts. This is particularly evident in intervention studies, whichaim to integrate the school science content with students’ everyday life. In this article, we analyse howteachers, in authentic situations, relate science content presented in lesson introductions to other contextssuch as everyday life or other school subjects. The data consists of observations of lesson introductionsin grade nine, from six different schools, in all eight hours of video recordings. The results point tothat teachers adopt a variety of ways in order to integrate the science content to other contexts, such asrelating to students’ everyday life, to different language perspectives or to other school subjects and therebyinitiate hybrid contexts. However, the results indicate that the teachers in this study initiate hybridcontexts to a low extent and seemingly ad hoc, in the moment. It is likely to believe that if students are tobenefit from contextualization as a means for enhancing interest and learning, learning activities need torelate science content to other relevant contexts in a more comprehensive way.","PeriodicalId":37114,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies in Science Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45519113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alma Jahic Pettersson, Lena A.E. Tibell, Ragnhild Löfgren
Previous research suggests that connecting organizational levels of biological systems is challenging for pupils. In the present study we investigated 122 pupils’ written responses to a question in a national biology test concerning how nutrient molecules are adsorbed by the small intestine and transported to the brain. We aimed to investigate what awareness the pupils have of the connection between the digestive and circulatory systems. We mapped the pupil’s expressed knowledge by using content analysis which was performed in five steps including connection between the systems, organizational levels and scientific explanations. We found that the most correct descriptions contained the highest number of connections between the digestive and the circulatory systems and linking of the different organizational levels. The most correct descriptions included the highest proportion of the meso level. Therefore, knowledge at the meso level seems to be essential for grasping connections between macroand submicro-level processes, and connections of digestion and circulation systems.
{"title":"‘The brain needs nutrition’: pupils’ connections between organizational levels","authors":"Alma Jahic Pettersson, Lena A.E. Tibell, Ragnhild Löfgren","doi":"10.5617/NORDINA.7930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5617/NORDINA.7930","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research suggests that connecting organizational levels of biological systems is challenging for pupils. In the present study we investigated 122 pupils’ written responses to a question in a national biology test concerning how nutrient molecules are adsorbed by the small intestine and transported to the brain. We aimed to investigate what awareness the pupils have of the connection between the digestive and circulatory systems. We mapped the pupil’s expressed knowledge by using content analysis which was performed in five steps including connection between the systems, organizational levels and scientific explanations. We found that the most correct descriptions contained the highest number of connections between the digestive and the circulatory systems and linking of the different organizational levels. The most correct descriptions included the highest proportion of the meso level. Therefore, knowledge at the meso level seems to be essential for grasping connections between macroand submicro-level processes, and connections of digestion and circulation systems.","PeriodicalId":37114,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies in Science Education","volume":"17 1","pages":"48-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43989338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we explored how learning progressions were established in a context-based science teachingunit. A science class in secondary school was followed during a teaching unit in Biology, in which theEbola disease was used as context. Teaching was planned using the didactical model organizing purposes.Learning progressions were studied as continuity between teaching purposes, the science content andthe context in four sequential lessons. The analysis of teaching evidenced a considerable variation inhow learning progressions were constituted within lessons and showed how learning progressions coulddevelop between lessons through the combination of different teaching activities. By consistently mentioningand referring to Ebola, the teacher had a pivotal role in establishing relations between teachingpurposes, the content and the context. Furthermore, our results evidence the important role of the contextin supporting students’ learning of science content. Finally, we discuss concrete actions in the planning ofthe unit to improve lessons that evidenced a weaker connection to the context.
{"title":"\"Should we be afraid of Ebola?\" A study of students' learning progressions in context-based science teaching","authors":"M. Lagerström, J. Piqueras, Ola Palm","doi":"10.5617/NORDINA.7658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5617/NORDINA.7658","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we explored how learning progressions were established in a context-based science teachingunit. A science class in secondary school was followed during a teaching unit in Biology, in which theEbola disease was used as context. Teaching was planned using the didactical model organizing purposes.Learning progressions were studied as continuity between teaching purposes, the science content andthe context in four sequential lessons. The analysis of teaching evidenced a considerable variation inhow learning progressions were constituted within lessons and showed how learning progressions coulddevelop between lessons through the combination of different teaching activities. By consistently mentioningand referring to Ebola, the teacher had a pivotal role in establishing relations between teachingpurposes, the content and the context. Furthermore, our results evidence the important role of the contextin supporting students’ learning of science content. Finally, we discuss concrete actions in the planning ofthe unit to improve lessons that evidenced a weaker connection to the context.","PeriodicalId":37114,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies in Science Education","volume":"17 1","pages":"64-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49668760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores how a nature trail can be used as an approach in science education at an uppersecondarylevel in Norway. The topic of the trail is radioactivity and radiation. The article illuminatesobstacles and possibilities connected to the trail’s posts, how the students experience the posts, and whattakes place during the transport between posts. This inspires how the nature trail can be redesigned. Thefindings point to that the assignments given in the posts are typically closed questions that to a smalldegree are related to phenomena at the location. Video observations show that student groups meeteach other, and they help each other with the questions. The student group followed in this article, usesapproximately half of the time available for walking between posts. This is regarded as unused potentialfor learning. The redesign is based on didactical reconsiderations consisting of seven questions that canbe adapted to other contexts. The contributions of this article are knowledge and experiences concerninga nature trail in science, which is an unexplored area within the field of outdoor education pedagogy.
{"title":"Natursti i naturfag på videregående skole: En studie av postene og elevenes erfaringer fra en natursti om radioaktivitet og stråling","authors":"Elisabeth Iversen","doi":"10.5617/NORDINA.6433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5617/NORDINA.6433","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores how a nature trail can be used as an approach in science education at an uppersecondarylevel in Norway. The topic of the trail is radioactivity and radiation. The article illuminatesobstacles and possibilities connected to the trail’s posts, how the students experience the posts, and whattakes place during the transport between posts. This inspires how the nature trail can be redesigned. Thefindings point to that the assignments given in the posts are typically closed questions that to a smalldegree are related to phenomena at the location. Video observations show that student groups meeteach other, and they help each other with the questions. The student group followed in this article, usesapproximately half of the time available for walking between posts. This is regarded as unused potentialfor learning. The redesign is based on didactical reconsiderations consisting of seven questions that canbe adapted to other contexts. The contributions of this article are knowledge and experiences concerninga nature trail in science, which is an unexplored area within the field of outdoor education pedagogy.","PeriodicalId":37114,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies in Science Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48211950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christine Lindstrøm, Ina Camilla Lauvli Engan, KirstiMarie Jegstad
In this study, we investigated how Flipped Classroom with Just-in-Time Teaching and Peer Instructioncould be implemented in middle school science. The study was carried out over four weeks in two year 8classes (N = 60) with one teacher. Data collection comprised student completion of pre-work, responses toin-class Peer Instruction questions, and teacher interviews before, during and after the intervention. Theresults show that Flipped Classroom worked quite similarly in middle school as in higher education. Prereading made the students better prepared for and engaged in class activities, and they particularly likedthe instant feedback of Peer Instruction questions. The teacher experienced increased joy in planning andteaching her classes, and the time spent for planning did not increase significantly.
{"title":"Bruk av omvendt undervisning i naturfag på ungdomstrinnet","authors":"Christine Lindstrøm, Ina Camilla Lauvli Engan, KirstiMarie Jegstad","doi":"10.5617/NORDINA.7524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5617/NORDINA.7524","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigated how Flipped Classroom with Just-in-Time Teaching and Peer Instructioncould be implemented in middle school science. The study was carried out over four weeks in two year 8classes (N = 60) with one teacher. Data collection comprised student completion of pre-work, responses toin-class Peer Instruction questions, and teacher interviews before, during and after the intervention. Theresults show that Flipped Classroom worked quite similarly in middle school as in higher education. Prereading made the students better prepared for and engaged in class activities, and they particularly likedthe instant feedback of Peer Instruction questions. The teacher experienced increased joy in planning andteaching her classes, and the time spent for planning did not increase significantly.","PeriodicalId":37114,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies in Science Education","volume":"17 1","pages":"20-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47735415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to illustrate how didactic models in science education can help in-service teachers to challenge selective traditions in a constructive way. The study was based on a teacher professional development program on inquiry-based science teaching in lower secondary school. Three didactic models were used in both lectures and group reflections to initiate reflections on different ways of interpreting the aims and content associated with inquiry-based science teaching and the consequences of these interpretations. Data was collected from a group of four teachers and consists of written documentation, recordings of group reflections and a group interview. The study shows that the three didactic models helped to make different ideas and underlying assumptions visible and that the teachers could reflect on their meaning and interpretations in a constructive way. Subsequently, the teachers could explicitly separate different ways to interpret the ideas associated with inquiry-based science teacher and make more conscious didactic choices as a result. The study shows that it can be fruitful to provide teachers with reflection tools in the form of didactic models to avoid that ideas introduced in continuing education are selectively adapted to current teaching without critical reflection.
{"title":"Från implicit till explicit – didaktiska modeller som verktyg för att utmana selektiva traditioner rörande undersökande arbete","authors":"Torodd Lunde, Michal Drechsler, Niklas Gericke","doi":"10.5617/nordina.7280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5617/nordina.7280","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to illustrate how didactic models in science education can help in-service teachers to challenge selective traditions in a constructive way. The study was based on a teacher professional development program on inquiry-based science teaching in lower secondary school. Three didactic models were used in both lectures and group reflections to initiate reflections on different ways of interpreting the aims and content associated with inquiry-based science teaching and the consequences of these interpretations. Data was collected from a group of four teachers and consists of written documentation, recordings of group reflections and a group interview. The study shows that the three didactic models helped to make different ideas and underlying assumptions visible and that the teachers could reflect on their meaning and interpretations in a constructive way. Subsequently, the teachers could explicitly separate different ways to interpret the ideas associated with inquiry-based science teacher and make more conscious didactic choices as a result. The study shows that it can be fruitful to provide teachers with reflection tools in the form of didactic models to avoid that ideas introduced in continuing education are selectively adapted to current teaching without critical reflection.","PeriodicalId":37114,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies in Science Education","volume":"16 1","pages":"167-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42549089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The extended abstract includes a configurative review of research on inquiry using TIMSS and PISA studies that provides a central background for the articles and a discussion about the integration and interpretation of the findings across the articles. To bridge the research gaps identified in the configurative review, the four articles address the overarching aim of the thesis by taking into account different aspects of inquiry. Article 1 investigates inquiry as an instructional approach and outcome by exploring the relationship between inquiry-based science teaching and student achievement in science. This article attempts to resolve conflicting findings of inquiry–achievement relationships by demonstrating the existence of curvilinear rather than linear patterns, as previously assumed. Article 2 addresses the research gaps in comparing inquiry as an instructional approach between primary and secondary education. It examines the interplay between teachers’ selfefficacy in teaching science and perceived time constraints in explaining the opportunities for students to engage in cognitively challenging learning activities in Grades 4, 5, 8, and 9. Article 3 presents an investigation on the assessment of inquiry as an instructional outcome. It identifies distinct profiles of students’ performance on simulated inquiry tasks that require the skills to coordinate the effects of multiple variables and to coordinate theory with evidence. While Article 3 takes a micro approach, focusing on specific scientific inquiry skills, Article 4 explores inquiry as an instructional outcome from a macro approach, taking into account a range of formal and informal reasoning skills students need to acquire in order to participate in inquiry practice. This article argues for the importance of assessing formal
{"title":"Scientific inquiry in TIMSS and PISA 2015: Inquiry as an instructional approach and the assessment of inquiry as an instructional outcome in science","authors":"Nani Teig","doi":"10.5617/NORDINA.8029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5617/NORDINA.8029","url":null,"abstract":"The extended abstract includes a configurative review of research on inquiry using TIMSS and PISA studies that provides a central background for the articles and a discussion about the integration and interpretation of the findings across the articles. To bridge the research gaps identified in the configurative review, the four articles address the overarching aim of the thesis by taking into account different aspects of inquiry. Article 1 investigates inquiry as an instructional approach and outcome by exploring the relationship between inquiry-based science teaching and student achievement in science. This article attempts to resolve conflicting findings of inquiry–achievement relationships by demonstrating the existence of curvilinear rather than linear patterns, as previously assumed. Article 2 addresses the research gaps in comparing inquiry as an instructional approach between primary and secondary education. It examines the interplay between teachers’ selfefficacy in teaching science and perceived time constraints in explaining the opportunities for students to engage in cognitively challenging learning activities in Grades 4, 5, 8, and 9. Article 3 presents an investigation on the assessment of inquiry as an instructional outcome. It identifies distinct profiles of students’ performance on simulated inquiry tasks that require the skills to coordinate the effects of multiple variables and to coordinate theory with evidence. While Article 3 takes a micro approach, focusing on specific scientific inquiry skills, Article 4 explores inquiry as an instructional outcome from a macro approach, taking into account a range of formal and informal reasoning skills students need to acquire in order to participate in inquiry practice. This article argues for the importance of assessing formal","PeriodicalId":37114,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies in Science Education","volume":"16 1","pages":"235-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44881371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study examines what characterizes situations that facilitate young children´s participation in exploratory scientific dialogues in outdoor education. By using action cameras mounted to the chest of three children (5-6 years) and two pedagogues during an outdoor session, recordings of 106 scientific dialogues are identified and analyzed in terms of categories describing the communicative project (the purpose) of the dialogues. These categories are: exploring, informing/presenting, and calling for attention. Children´s findings of nature elements initiated 60% of the scientific dialogues between children and pedagogues. Children´s utterances as “Look at this!” are often starting points for these dialogues. It is showed how pedagogues can extend the dialogue by using follow-up questions and encouraging children in applying their senses when exploring their findings. The study also indicates that visiting an area that offers rich possibilities of experiences and findings of nature elements, could enhance the children´s participation in exploratory scientific dialogues.
{"title":"Oi! Sjå på den! – Funn av naturelement som utgangspunkt for utforskande naturfaglege samtalar mellom barn (5-6 år) og pedagogar","authors":"I. Skalstad","doi":"10.5617/nordina.7396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5617/nordina.7396","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines what characterizes situations that facilitate young children´s participation in exploratory scientific dialogues in outdoor education. By using action cameras mounted to the chest of three children (5-6 years) and two pedagogues during an outdoor session, recordings of 106 scientific dialogues are identified and analyzed in terms of categories describing the communicative project (the purpose) of the dialogues. These categories are: exploring, informing/presenting, and calling for attention. Children´s findings of nature elements initiated 60% of the scientific dialogues between children and pedagogues. Children´s utterances as “Look at this!” are often starting points for these dialogues. It is showed how pedagogues can extend the dialogue by using follow-up questions and encouraging children in applying their senses when exploring their findings. The study also indicates that visiting an area that offers rich possibilities of experiences and findings of nature elements, could enhance the children´s participation in exploratory scientific dialogues.","PeriodicalId":37114,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies in Science Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46570470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main purpose of this doctoral thesis is to co-design and examine digitally supported inclusive practices in science learning. Inclusive practices aim to provide quality education and quality learning opportunities for all students. Inclusive practices are characterised by process-oriented development that takes into account a student’s personal abilities and needs concerning both knowledge and competencies as well as the classroom context. Since there are very few research-based models for inclusive practices, the longitudinal educational design research (EDR) project aimed to co-design digitally supported inclusive practices at the grassroots level with researchers, teachers and students. The EDR project took place during two years in a medium-sized primary school in the capital region of Finland, where inclusive education was employed as part of teacher collaboration. The participating class (44 students; 10 students with learning difficulties [LD]) had two primary teachers and one special education teacher, the defender of this thesis. The EDR consisted of four macro-cycles, which intended to increase understanding of co-designing and implementing inclusive practices in science learning. The first macro-cycle focused on exploring possibilities for using smartphone technology in a water project. In the second macro-cycle, students used the developed personal solutions and designed collaborative solutions while studying the following science-related themes: forest, human, motions and forces, and space. In the third macro-cycle, students studied Europe and Asia, plants, human and states of matter. The participants developed further both personal solutions and collaborative solutions. Finally, the fourth macro-cycle focused on one science theme, electricity, where solutions were designed for collaborative learning and especially for active participation. The thesis is comprised of four publications that form a holistic picture of the possibilities of digital technology when considering the adaptation, use and benefits for the student both at the personal and group level. Publication I reports the results of the first macro-cycle of the EDR. Publication II discusses the benefits of using a smartphone in science learning from a student’s personal learning perspective, reflecting all four macro-cycles. Publication III describes the EDR project’s final macro-cycle, electricity project, in which students utilised personal strategies that were supported by the teacher through respectful grouping, differentiated learning tasks and a reflective discussion after lessons. Finally, Publication IV evaluates the development and implementation of the inclusive practises throughout the EDR project from the perspective of the LD students. The data was collected through video recordings of ideating sessions, questionnaires, students’ notes from the e-learning environment, the teacher’s memo and interviews; it was analysed via quantitative analysis of frequenc
{"title":"- From inclusive practices to personal strategies","authors":"Kati Sormunen","doi":"10.5617/nordina.8084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5617/nordina.8084","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this doctoral thesis is to co-design and examine digitally supported inclusive practices in science learning. Inclusive practices aim to provide quality education and quality learning opportunities for all students. Inclusive practices are characterised by process-oriented development that takes into account a student’s personal abilities and needs concerning both knowledge and competencies as well as the classroom context. Since there are very few research-based models for inclusive practices, the longitudinal educational design research (EDR) project aimed to co-design digitally supported inclusive practices at the grassroots level with researchers, teachers and students. The EDR project took place during two years in a medium-sized primary school in the capital region of Finland, where inclusive education was employed as part of teacher collaboration. The participating class (44 students; 10 students with learning difficulties [LD]) had two primary teachers and one special education teacher, the defender of this thesis. The EDR consisted of four macro-cycles, which intended to increase understanding of co-designing and implementing inclusive practices in science learning. The first macro-cycle focused on exploring possibilities for using smartphone technology in a water project. In the second macro-cycle, students used the developed personal solutions and designed collaborative solutions while studying the following science-related themes: forest, human, motions and forces, and space. In the third macro-cycle, students studied Europe and Asia, plants, human and states of matter. The participants developed further both personal solutions and collaborative solutions. Finally, the fourth macro-cycle focused on one science theme, electricity, where solutions were designed for collaborative learning and especially for active participation. \u0000The thesis is comprised of four publications that form a holistic picture of the possibilities of digital technology when considering the adaptation, use and benefits for the student both at the personal and group level. Publication I reports the results of the first macro-cycle of the EDR. Publication II discusses the benefits of using a smartphone in science learning from a student’s personal learning perspective, reflecting all four macro-cycles. Publication III describes the EDR project’s final macro-cycle, electricity project, in which students utilised personal strategies that were supported by the teacher through respectful grouping, differentiated learning tasks and a reflective discussion after lessons. Finally, Publication IV evaluates the development and implementation of the inclusive practises throughout the EDR project from the perspective of the LD students. The data was collected through video recordings of ideating sessions, questionnaires, students’ notes from the e-learning environment, the teacher’s memo and interviews; it was analysed via quantitative analysis of frequenc","PeriodicalId":37114,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies in Science Education","volume":"16 1","pages":"234-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42456842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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