Recently, the shortage of assignable radio spectrums became a serious issue because of the coexistence of many licensed wireless communications systems. Therefore, cognitive radio technology has gained much attention around the world, which may be aware of its environment and makes occupancy of radio spectrums more efficient. In this paper, the frequency band between 3.4 - 4.8 GHz is focused. We consider coexistence environment of primary systems, e.g. 4th generation mobile cellular system (4G), TV broadcasting and cognitive radio system, e.g. ultra wideband (UWB) systems. UWB systems are required to have detect and avoid (DAA) technique which can detect the signals from primary systems and avoid the interference from them. We introduce two important benchmarks. Computer simulations have been performed to confirm these analytical results. In addition, the design issue of cognitive radio systems is discussed based on these numerical results. Moreover, we discuss the detection technique of primary system signals for UWB radio system with DAA and the the performance of the UWB radio system using DAA via computer simulations.
{"title":"Performance analysis of spectrum management technique by using cognitive radio","authors":"K. Sodeyama, K. Watanabe, K. Ishibashi, R. Kohno","doi":"10.5772/17491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/17491","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the shortage of assignable radio spectrums became a serious issue because of the coexistence of many licensed wireless communications systems. Therefore, cognitive radio technology has gained much attention around the world, which may be aware of its environment and makes occupancy of radio spectrums more efficient. In this paper, the frequency band between 3.4 - 4.8 GHz is focused. We consider coexistence environment of primary systems, e.g. 4th generation mobile cellular system (4G), TV broadcasting and cognitive radio system, e.g. ultra wideband (UWB) systems. UWB systems are required to have detect and avoid (DAA) technique which can detect the signals from primary systems and avoid the interference from them. We introduce two important benchmarks. Computer simulations have been performed to confirm these analytical results. In addition, the design issue of cognitive radio systems is discussed based on these numerical results. Moreover, we discuss the detection technique of primary system signals for UWB radio system with DAA and the the performance of the UWB radio system using DAA via computer simulations.","PeriodicalId":371257,"journal":{"name":"2008 European Conference on Wireless Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114310949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751804
Z. Brito-Brito, I. Llamas-Garro, L. Pradell-Cara, A. Corona‐Chavez
In this paper a switchable bandstop filter able to switch between two different central frequency states while precisely maintaining a fixed bandwidth is presented. The filter topology allows precise control over the design parameters frequency and bandwidth, achieved by choosing adequate resonator sections which are switched by PIN diodes to obtain two discreet states. The central frequency control was obtained by modifying resonator length. Bandwidth control was achieved by choosing a resonator width and controlling the normalized reactance slope parameter of a decoupling resonator by means of a switchable resonator extension. The filter was designed to have center frequencies of 2 and 1.5 GHz both having an 8% fractional bandwidth. The comparison between simulations and measurements showed a central frequency deviation of 4 MHz for the 2 GHz frequency response, and a deviation of 2 MHz for the 1.5 GHz frequency response. The fractional bandwidth deviation for the 2 GHz filter response was 0.67%, while at 1.5 GHz a 0.4% deviation was observed. The simulation and measured responses are in very good agreement.
{"title":"Microstrip switchable bandstop filter using PIN diodes with precise frequency and bandwidth control","authors":"Z. Brito-Brito, I. Llamas-Garro, L. Pradell-Cara, A. Corona‐Chavez","doi":"10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751804","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a switchable bandstop filter able to switch between two different central frequency states while precisely maintaining a fixed bandwidth is presented. The filter topology allows precise control over the design parameters frequency and bandwidth, achieved by choosing adequate resonator sections which are switched by PIN diodes to obtain two discreet states. The central frequency control was obtained by modifying resonator length. Bandwidth control was achieved by choosing a resonator width and controlling the normalized reactance slope parameter of a decoupling resonator by means of a switchable resonator extension. The filter was designed to have center frequencies of 2 and 1.5 GHz both having an 8% fractional bandwidth. The comparison between simulations and measurements showed a central frequency deviation of 4 MHz for the 2 GHz frequency response, and a deviation of 2 MHz for the 1.5 GHz frequency response. The fractional bandwidth deviation for the 2 GHz filter response was 0.67%, while at 1.5 GHz a 0.4% deviation was observed. The simulation and measured responses are in very good agreement.","PeriodicalId":371257,"journal":{"name":"2008 European Conference on Wireless Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126143487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751807
E. Kaldjob, B. Geck, Hermann Eul
This paper presents the new design of a field powered microwave transponder fully integrated into a metallic object. The transponder operates in the 5.8 GHz ISM band and consists mainly of a waveguide antenna, a rectifier, a low-power microcontroller and a temperature sensor. The transponder has been integrated 4.5 cm deep into a metallic work piece. Depending on the microcontroller code the transponder can be used for identification or sensor applications. The realized system is able to identify the object and to measure and transmit the inner temperature to a reader. An operating range and a data rate up to 51 cm and 333.3 kb/s respectively have been achieved.
{"title":"Field powered 5.8 GHz ISM band transponder for sensors integrated in metallic objects","authors":"E. Kaldjob, B. Geck, Hermann Eul","doi":"10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751807","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the new design of a field powered microwave transponder fully integrated into a metallic object. The transponder operates in the 5.8 GHz ISM band and consists mainly of a waveguide antenna, a rectifier, a low-power microcontroller and a temperature sensor. The transponder has been integrated 4.5 cm deep into a metallic work piece. Depending on the microcontroller code the transponder can be used for identification or sensor applications. The realized system is able to identify the object and to measure and transmit the inner temperature to a reader. An operating range and a data rate up to 51 cm and 333.3 kb/s respectively have been achieved.","PeriodicalId":371257,"journal":{"name":"2008 European Conference on Wireless Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123963766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751795
A. Sheikh, J. Lees, J. Benedikt, P. Tasker
This paper outlines the use of a measurement based waveform CAD tool for enhanced PA design. Two measurement based models have been used to simulate a complete Doherty power amplifier together with output matching. The output matching network and auxiliary bias were optimised to produce a region of high efficiency typical of Doherty power amplifiers. Through the incorporation of a large signal de-embedding network, the current and voltage waveforms were accessed at the current generator plane. This allowed for the confirmation of Doherty operation on an individual device basis. This powerful tool allows for further optimisation of power amplifiers using well established waveform design procedures, previously not possible at high power levels.
{"title":"Utilization of a measurement based CAD tool for enhanced pa design investigations","authors":"A. Sheikh, J. Lees, J. Benedikt, P. Tasker","doi":"10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751795","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines the use of a measurement based waveform CAD tool for enhanced PA design. Two measurement based models have been used to simulate a complete Doherty power amplifier together with output matching. The output matching network and auxiliary bias were optimised to produce a region of high efficiency typical of Doherty power amplifiers. Through the incorporation of a large signal de-embedding network, the current and voltage waveforms were accessed at the current generator plane. This allowed for the confirmation of Doherty operation on an individual device basis. This powerful tool allows for further optimisation of power amplifiers using well established waveform design procedures, previously not possible at high power levels.","PeriodicalId":371257,"journal":{"name":"2008 European Conference on Wireless Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130863537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751803
N. Alford, O. Buslov, V. Keis, A. Kozyrev, P. Petrov, A. Shimko
An X-band 2-pole filter based on uniplanar dielectric resonators (UPDR) with ferroelectric tuning was designed and fabricated. UPDRs were chosen because of their high Q-factor, the rarefied spectrum of resonance mode frequencies, simplicity of manufacture and the convenience for integrating a ferroelectric tuning varactor. The analytical description of the filter response is presented and good agreement between simulated and measured experimental data is demonstrated. At a frequency of ~ 10.5 GHz the filter displayed insertion losses not more than S21 = -3.5 dB in the bandwidth Deltaf sime 110 MHz. The frequency of tuning was DeltaF sime 420 MHz.
{"title":"Band-pass tunable ferroelectric filter based on uniplanar dielectric resonators","authors":"N. Alford, O. Buslov, V. Keis, A. Kozyrev, P. Petrov, A. Shimko","doi":"10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751803","url":null,"abstract":"An X-band 2-pole filter based on uniplanar dielectric resonators (UPDR) with ferroelectric tuning was designed and fabricated. UPDRs were chosen because of their high Q-factor, the rarefied spectrum of resonance mode frequencies, simplicity of manufacture and the convenience for integrating a ferroelectric tuning varactor. The analytical description of the filter response is presented and good agreement between simulated and measured experimental data is demonstrated. At a frequency of ~ 10.5 GHz the filter displayed insertion losses not more than S21 = -3.5 dB in the bandwidth Deltaf sime 110 MHz. The frequency of tuning was DeltaF sime 420 MHz.","PeriodicalId":371257,"journal":{"name":"2008 European Conference on Wireless Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116019036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751810
H. Grubinger, B. Hofer, H. Barth, R. Vahldieck
A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with injection-locking input and low quality factor is presented. Injection locking the VCO at a frequency of 15 GHz and frequency doubling the output signal leads to phase controllability and a big phase-tuning range. Excellent phase noise behavior has been achieved by using a noiseless reference oscillator. Due to the use of standard off-the-shelf components, the oscillator is easily scalable in frequency and low-cost in the realization. The implementation of the prototype was done on a high permittivity substrate to act as testbed for later LTCC implementation.
{"title":"A voltage-controlled oscillator with injection-locking input for phase-shifting applications at 30 GHz","authors":"H. Grubinger, B. Hofer, H. Barth, R. Vahldieck","doi":"10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751810","url":null,"abstract":"A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with injection-locking input and low quality factor is presented. Injection locking the VCO at a frequency of 15 GHz and frequency doubling the output signal leads to phase controllability and a big phase-tuning range. Excellent phase noise behavior has been achieved by using a noiseless reference oscillator. Due to the use of standard off-the-shelf components, the oscillator is easily scalable in frequency and low-cost in the realization. The implementation of the prototype was done on a high permittivity substrate to act as testbed for later LTCC implementation.","PeriodicalId":371257,"journal":{"name":"2008 European Conference on Wireless Technology","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127303852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751813
A. Thiel, O. Klemp
Advanced traffic telematics aim to reduce traffic breakdown and enhance driver safety by means of cooperative scheduling between multiple radio frequency access techniques. Those are covering navigation-, cellular- and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)- and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)- based services forming true multistandard traffic telematics. V2V and V2I is based on frequency designations in the 5.85 GHz band which is reserved for exclusive road- and drive safety- as well as broadband infotainment applications. This paper introduces a novel and automotive-grade antenna concept that meets the required multistandard approach. It additionally evaluates the potential of multi-antenna V2V- and V2I operations in the 5.85 GHz domain by means of diversity combining or spatial multiplexing to enhance link quality or increase channel capacity.
{"title":"Initial results of multielement antenna performance in 5.85 GHz vehicle-to-vehicle scenarios","authors":"A. Thiel, O. Klemp","doi":"10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751813","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced traffic telematics aim to reduce traffic breakdown and enhance driver safety by means of cooperative scheduling between multiple radio frequency access techniques. Those are covering navigation-, cellular- and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)- and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)- based services forming true multistandard traffic telematics. V2V and V2I is based on frequency designations in the 5.85 GHz band which is reserved for exclusive road- and drive safety- as well as broadband infotainment applications. This paper introduces a novel and automotive-grade antenna concept that meets the required multistandard approach. It additionally evaluates the potential of multi-antenna V2V- and V2I operations in the 5.85 GHz domain by means of diversity combining or spatial multiplexing to enhance link quality or increase channel capacity.","PeriodicalId":371257,"journal":{"name":"2008 European Conference on Wireless Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134182462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751799
L. Bacqué, G. Nanfack-Nkondem, P. Bouysse, G. Neveux, W. Rebernak, C. Poumier, L. Lapierre, D. Barataud, R. Quéré
This paper presents a technique that enables both efficiency and linearity enhancements for power amplifiers (PA) used in communication systems. It is here applied to a 100 W wide-band LDMOS push-pull amplifier (50-500 MHz) driven by OFDM signals. When the amplifier is driven by a CW signal and operates at a constant 28 V drain bias voltage, it exhibits 100 W output power with 60% power added efficiency (PAE). When it is driven by an OFDM signal, a 10 dB output power back-off is necessary to have a -25 dBc ACPR and PAE decreases down to 10%. By properly implementing an envelope tracking bias system 40 W output power along with 38% PAE and -27 dBc ACPR have been reached. Applying baseband digital predistortion provides additive improvements at high PAE (for only 1 point PAE lost the ACPR increases Pof 5 dB).
{"title":"High efficiency and linear power amplification for OFDM signal by combining dynamic bias and digital baseband predistortion","authors":"L. Bacqué, G. Nanfack-Nkondem, P. Bouysse, G. Neveux, W. Rebernak, C. Poumier, L. Lapierre, D. Barataud, R. Quéré","doi":"10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751799","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a technique that enables both efficiency and linearity enhancements for power amplifiers (PA) used in communication systems. It is here applied to a 100 W wide-band LDMOS push-pull amplifier (50-500 MHz) driven by OFDM signals. When the amplifier is driven by a CW signal and operates at a constant 28 V drain bias voltage, it exhibits 100 W output power with 60% power added efficiency (PAE). When it is driven by an OFDM signal, a 10 dB output power back-off is necessary to have a -25 dBc ACPR and PAE decreases down to 10%. By properly implementing an envelope tracking bias system 40 W output power along with 38% PAE and -27 dBc ACPR have been reached. Applying baseband digital predistortion provides additive improvements at high PAE (for only 1 point PAE lost the ACPR increases Pof 5 dB).","PeriodicalId":371257,"journal":{"name":"2008 European Conference on Wireless Technology","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134062974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751819
M. Hirvonen, N. Pesonen, O. Vermesan, C. Rusu, P. Enoksson
In this paper a multi-system, multi-band antenna structure for RFID applications is presented. The antenna covers two UHF bands allocated for RFID use in Europe (866-868 MHz) and N. America (902-928 MHz) with a dual-band PIFA element as well as HF 13.56 MHz band with a near-field coil. Both systems in the antenna are shown to perform well on free space and on metal, allowing a wide use of the same tag antenna on different environments and systems.
{"title":"Multi-system, multi-band RFID antenna: Bridging the gap between HF- and UHF-based RFID applications","authors":"M. Hirvonen, N. Pesonen, O. Vermesan, C. Rusu, P. Enoksson","doi":"10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751819","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a multi-system, multi-band antenna structure for RFID applications is presented. The antenna covers two UHF bands allocated for RFID use in Europe (866-868 MHz) and N. America (902-928 MHz) with a dual-band PIFA element as well as HF 13.56 MHz band with a near-field coil. Both systems in the antenna are shown to perform well on free space and on metal, allowing a wide use of the same tag antenna on different environments and systems.","PeriodicalId":371257,"journal":{"name":"2008 European Conference on Wireless Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133606954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751816
A. Zhao, Jundong Xue, C. Jing, A. Salo
In this paper, the Murata ceramic Bluetooth antenna, which has been successfully used on rigid printed circuit boards, is now applied to flexible printed circuit boards. Based on this Bluetooth antenna, a novel wrist device that can be wirelessly connected to mobile phones is developed. In particular, to reduce the height of the wrist device, the ground-clearance type Murata Bluetooth antenna is adopted. It is demonstrated that the wrist device works very well in real environments.
{"title":"The use of Murata ceramic Bluetooth antenna for wrist device based on flexible printed circuit boards","authors":"A. Zhao, Jundong Xue, C. Jing, A. Salo","doi":"10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751816","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the Murata ceramic Bluetooth antenna, which has been successfully used on rigid printed circuit boards, is now applied to flexible printed circuit boards. Based on this Bluetooth antenna, a novel wrist device that can be wirelessly connected to mobile phones is developed. In particular, to reduce the height of the wrist device, the ground-clearance type Murata Bluetooth antenna is adopted. It is demonstrated that the wrist device works very well in real environments.","PeriodicalId":371257,"journal":{"name":"2008 European Conference on Wireless Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125125105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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