Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100523
Luis Villarreal Laguna , Carla Sílvia Fernandes , Joana Campos , Marta Campos Ferreira
As advancements in the health sector continue to improve, people are living longer and increasingly aging in place. However, aging is often accompanied by disabilities and mobility issues. Whether these issues develop gradually or suddenly, many homes are not equipped to accommodate such changes, resulting in significant mobility barriers. This document presents a systematic review focusing on three key areas: “Home Barriers and Modification”, “Accessibilities and Disabilities”, and “Gamification and Assistive Technologies”. The aim is to synthesize existing knowledge and explore the interconnections among these topics. The primary objective of this review is to examine how gamification can be utilized to identify barriers within the homes of individuals with disabilities. Despite numerous advancements and available technologies, the review reveals a paucity of research on the application of gamification in this context, highlighting a promising area for future investigation. Additionally, the review underscores the benefits of home modifications to enhance accessibility, emphasizing the potential for significant improvements in the quality of life for individuals with disabilities.
{"title":"Gamifying the exploration of home mobility barriers for individuals with limited mobility: Scoping review","authors":"Luis Villarreal Laguna , Carla Sílvia Fernandes , Joana Campos , Marta Campos Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As advancements in the health sector continue to improve, people are living longer and increasingly aging in place. However, aging is often accompanied by disabilities and mobility issues. Whether these issues develop gradually or suddenly, many homes are not equipped to accommodate such changes, resulting in significant mobility barriers. This document presents a systematic review focusing on three key areas: “Home Barriers and Modification”, “Accessibilities and Disabilities”, and “Gamification and Assistive Technologies”. The aim is to synthesize existing knowledge and explore the interconnections among these topics. The primary objective of this review is to examine how gamification can be utilized to identify barriers within the homes of individuals with disabilities. Despite numerous advancements and available technologies, the review reveals a paucity of research on the application of gamification in this context, highlighting a promising area for future investigation. Additionally, the review underscores the benefits of home modifications to enhance accessibility, emphasizing the potential for significant improvements in the quality of life for individuals with disabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37151,"journal":{"name":"Smart Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of modern technologies has become crucial for enhancing people's awareness of health problems. By early health risk detection, there will be better treatment outcomes, the severity of illness will decrease, and costs for treatment will also reduce. Performing routine checkups could help patients feel less anxious about their health in the future. In this study, the innovation of “Digital Health Avatar” enables users to monitor physical changes, raise awareness of medical conditions, and encourage healthy behaviors by visualizing health status as a 3D figure.
Methods
Health data were collected using medical devices like blood test strips, body composition meters, and automatic blood pressure monitors. API technology and cloud computing systems were used to process these collected data and produced a three-dimensional avatar that indicated the user's health status. User satisfaction survey on using the health avatar system was assessed through a survey of 61 participants.
Results
Health avatar system successfully generate the data and display the measurement results on the health report page of the system. Users can easily check and record their physiological conditions through the avatar. Moreover, users showed satisfaction on the use of the health avatar system and its effectiveness in health check-ups in the survey.
Conclusions
The ‘Digital Health Avatar’ has the potential to significantly promote individual well-being and health awareness. Its development will be improved by user feedback and continued study, ensuring it becomes an efficient tool for promoting healthier lifestyles.
{"title":"Improving health awareness with real-time monitoring through a three-dimensional visualized digital health avatar","authors":"Chaturapron Chokphukhiao , Pattrawan Pattaranit , Wonn Shweyi Thet Tun , Sakaowrat Masa , Rattikorn Leemananil , Nuttaphorn Natteerapong , Jutarop Phetcharaburanin , Sophon Boonlue , Khamron Sunat , Rina Patramanon","doi":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The use of modern technologies has become crucial for enhancing people's awareness of health problems. By early health risk detection, there will be better treatment outcomes, the severity of illness will decrease, and costs for treatment will also reduce. Performing routine checkups could help patients feel less anxious about their health in the future. In this study, the innovation of “Digital Health Avatar” enables users to monitor physical changes, raise awareness of medical conditions, and encourage healthy behaviors by visualizing health status as a 3D figure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Health data were collected using medical devices like blood test strips, body composition meters, and automatic blood pressure monitors. API technology and cloud computing systems were used to process these collected data and produced a three-dimensional avatar that indicated the user's health status. User satisfaction survey on using the health avatar system was assessed through a survey of 61 participants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Health avatar system successfully generate the data and display the measurement results on the health report page of the system. Users can easily check and record their physiological conditions through the avatar. Moreover, users showed satisfaction on the use of the health avatar system and its effectiveness in health check-ups in the survey.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The ‘Digital Health Avatar’ has the potential to significantly promote individual well-being and health awareness. Its development will be improved by user feedback and continued study, ensuring it becomes an efficient tool for promoting healthier lifestyles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37151,"journal":{"name":"Smart Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100521
Ramazan Karatay, Burak Demir, Ali Arda Ergin, Erdem Erkan
It is costly to develop systems that enable individuals exposed to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and similar diseases that directly affect the neuromotor ability to communicate with the outside world. In this study, a budget friendly, high-accuracy, software-based, gaze-controlled, real-time virtual keyboard approach that can enable these people to communicate effectively is proposed. The proposed application requires only a computer and a webcam and has a user-friendly interface that meets the basic daily needs of individuals with disabilities. Since the proposed system does not require an extra action such as blinking, it makes it possible to use computers in advanced stage patients who cannot blink their eyes. The application which uses a deep learning-based facial landmark detector, determines the letters the user focuses on the screen and converts thoughts into text. The part of the screen that the user focuses on is determined with a new selection approach inspired by the K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm. This approach, which does not require blinking, offers high speed and accuracy. In the tests, a typing speed of 23.33 characters per minute is achieved with an accuracy rate of 95.12%. It is anticipated that the study will increase computer accessibility for disabled individuals with limited mobility and contribute to the development of real-time eye tracking systems.
{"title":"A real-time eye movement-based computer interface for people with disabilities","authors":"Ramazan Karatay, Burak Demir, Ali Arda Ergin, Erdem Erkan","doi":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is costly to develop systems that enable individuals exposed to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and similar diseases that directly affect the neuromotor ability to communicate with the outside world. In this study, a budget friendly, high-accuracy, software-based, gaze-controlled, real-time virtual keyboard approach that can enable these people to communicate effectively is proposed. The proposed application requires only a computer and a webcam and has a user-friendly interface that meets the basic daily needs of individuals with disabilities. Since the proposed system does not require an extra action such as blinking, it makes it possible to use computers in advanced stage patients who cannot blink their eyes. The application which uses a deep learning-based facial landmark detector, determines the letters the user focuses on the screen and converts thoughts into text. The part of the screen that the user focuses on is determined with a new selection approach inspired by the K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm. This approach, which does not require blinking, offers high speed and accuracy. In the tests, a typing speed of 23.33 characters per minute is achieved with an accuracy rate of 95.12%. It is anticipated that the study will increase computer accessibility for disabled individuals with limited mobility and contribute to the development of real-time eye tracking systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37151,"journal":{"name":"Smart Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Human Body’s primary defense layer is the skin which protects important organs from various external assaults. This organ protects our internal systems, safeguarding them from possible injury caused by viruses, fungus, and other factors. Unfortunately, the skin is not impenetrable, and infections or damage can occur, which leads to serious problems of health. Even a little skin lesion has the power to become a huge issue. As a result, in our study, our target is to produce an effective system for the quick and early identification of skin illnesses using well-known Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The idea is to use this specialized neural network architecture to improve and speed up the detection and classification process to reduce time-lagging for treatment options. The proposed model i.e., EffSVMNet is a hybrid model consisting of a CNN classifier similar to EfficientNet B3 architecture coupled with a support vector machine (SVM). The sample dataset containing four classes i.e., acne, atopic dermatitis, bullous disease, and eczema is a subset of the DermNet dataset. The proposed model is not only lightweight but also achieves better validation accuracy when compared to similar methods in its category.
{"title":"EffSVMNet: An efficient hybrid neural network for improved skin disease classification","authors":"Yash Sharma , Naveen Kumar Tiwari , Vipin Kumar Upaddhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Human Body’s primary defense layer is the skin which protects important organs from various external assaults. This organ protects our internal systems, safeguarding them from possible injury caused by viruses, fungus, and other factors. Unfortunately, the skin is not impenetrable, and infections or damage can occur, which leads to serious problems of health. Even a little skin lesion has the power to become a huge issue. As a result, in our study, our target is to produce an effective system for the quick and early identification of skin illnesses using well-known Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The idea is to use this specialized neural network architecture to improve and speed up the detection and classification process to reduce time-lagging for treatment options. The proposed model <em>i.e.</em>, EffSVMNet is a hybrid model consisting of a CNN classifier similar to EfficientNet B3 architecture coupled with a support vector machine (SVM). The sample dataset containing four classes <em>i.e.</em>, acne, atopic dermatitis, bullous disease, and eczema is a subset of the DermNet dataset. The proposed model is not only lightweight but also achieves better validation accuracy when compared to similar methods in its category.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37151,"journal":{"name":"Smart Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100519
Yong Huang , Rui Cao , Thomas Hughes , Amir Rahmani
Pain represents a multifaceted sensory and emotional experience often linked to tissue damage, bearing substantial healthcare costs and profound effects on patient well-being. Within intensive care units, effective pain management is paramount. However, determining suitable dosages of primary pain management drugs like morphine remains challenging due to their reliance on diverse patient-specific factors, including cardiovascular responses and pain intensity. To date, only a singular effort has explored personalized pain treatment recommendations through reinforcement learning. Regrettably, this pioneering study faced limitations stemming from incomplete patient state observations, a restricted action space, and the use of Deep Q-Networks, known for their sample inefficiency and lack of clinical interpretability. In our work, we introduced a Conservative Q-learning-based system for pain recommendation, enriching it with expanded state and action spaces. Additionally, we developed a comprehensive pipeline for both qualitative and quantitative evaluations, focusing on assessing the trained model’s performance. Our findings indicate a slight performance improvement over the clinician’s policy, offering a more clinically sensible and understandable approach compared to the current state-of-the-art methodologies.
{"title":"Smart pain relief: Harnessing conservative Q learning for personalized and dynamic pain management","authors":"Yong Huang , Rui Cao , Thomas Hughes , Amir Rahmani","doi":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pain represents a multifaceted sensory and emotional experience often linked to tissue damage, bearing substantial healthcare costs and profound effects on patient well-being. Within intensive care units, effective pain management is paramount. However, determining suitable dosages of primary pain management drugs like morphine remains challenging due to their reliance on diverse patient-specific factors, including cardiovascular responses and pain intensity. To date, only a singular effort has explored personalized pain treatment recommendations through reinforcement learning. Regrettably, this pioneering study faced limitations stemming from incomplete patient state observations, a restricted action space, and the use of Deep Q-Networks, known for their sample inefficiency and lack of clinical interpretability. In our work, we introduced a Conservative Q-learning-based system for pain recommendation, enriching it with expanded state and action spaces. Additionally, we developed a comprehensive pipeline for both qualitative and quantitative evaluations, focusing on assessing the trained model’s performance. Our findings indicate a slight performance improvement over the clinician’s policy, offering a more clinically sensible and understandable approach compared to the current state-of-the-art methodologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37151,"journal":{"name":"Smart Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100516
Alexander Postlmayr, Bhanu Garg, Pamela Cosman, Sujit Dey
There are thousands of physical therapy exercises which can be selected to tailor an individual’s rehabilitation program. In addition, exercises can be modified to accommodate a patient’s strength and range of motion as they recover and progress. The large size of the resulting set of exercises and their variations is problematic for current evaluation and feedback techniques, which are trained on a small number of exercises. Real-time exercise repetition counting, a core functionality for automated exercise feedback, is useful for promoting better health outcomes for physical therapy patients performing at-home exercises. We propose PersonalPT, a smartphone-based solution which can be used by physical therapists to customize individual patient treatment plans with a single training example. Our proposed one-shot exercise repetition segmentation model allows physical therapists to enable repetition counting on any exercise for individual patients based on their physical ability and rehabilitative needs. Our machine learning model outperforms other repetition counting algorithms (another semi-supervised and a supervised approach) on three exercise datasets. We demonstrate the feasibility of using computer vision and machine learning, on a smartphone, to perform repetition counting for exercises in real-time.
{"title":"PersonalPT: One-shot approach for skeletal-based repetitive action counting for physical therapy","authors":"Alexander Postlmayr, Bhanu Garg, Pamela Cosman, Sujit Dey","doi":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There are thousands of physical therapy exercises which can be selected to tailor an individual’s rehabilitation program. In addition, exercises can be modified to accommodate a patient’s strength and range of motion as they recover and progress. The large size of the resulting set of exercises and their variations is problematic for current evaluation and feedback techniques, which are trained on a small number of exercises. Real-time exercise repetition counting, a core functionality for automated exercise feedback, is useful for promoting better health outcomes for physical therapy patients performing at-home exercises. We propose PersonalPT, a smartphone-based solution which can be used by physical therapists to customize individual patient treatment plans with a single training example. Our proposed one-shot exercise repetition segmentation model allows physical therapists to enable repetition counting on any exercise for individual patients based on their physical ability and rehabilitative needs. Our machine learning model outperforms other repetition counting algorithms (another semi-supervised and a supervised approach) on three exercise datasets. We demonstrate the feasibility of using computer vision and machine learning, on a smartphone, to perform repetition counting for exercises in real-time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37151,"journal":{"name":"Smart Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100516"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100518
Cory J. Coehoorn, Jonathan Teran, Patrick St Martin, Hannah Cowart, Kylie Dufrene
This study aimed to create a novel, non-invasive approach to predict core temperature (Tc) during heat stress among firefighters.
Background
The direct measure of Tc is typically performed through invasive techniques (rectal, esophageal, or intestinal). Existing predictive methods involve complex systems with multiple pieces of impractical equipment or are otherwise unsuitable for the work environment. Here, we hypothesized that a novel, non-invasive algorithm using variables collected from a single piece of commercially available equipment could effectively predict Tc.
Methods
The participants performed a steady-state exercise protocol in an environmental chamber (35 °C, 45% humidity) while donning firefighter personal protective equipment. The variables collected were skin temperature (Tsk), heart rate (HR), time, respiratory rate (RR), and rate of skin temperature acquisition per minute (Tsk/min).
Results
Of the variables collected, all contributed to the multiple regression model, except HR. Tsk/min was calculated using Tsk and time. The initial model created in this study predicted Tc with a standard error of the estimate (SEE) of 0.23 °C and an adjusted R2 of 0.897. Following a "leave-one-out" bootstrap method, a robust equation was created using mean coefficients. This robust equation predicted Tc with a SEE of 0.23 and an R2 of 0.902.
Discussion
This paper provides a practical, non-invasive model to predict Tc with minimal resources. This method has the potential to provide continuous monitoring of firefighters in the field and can be used as a metric to withdraw firefighters when under detrimental physiological stress. Ultimately, this could improve the health and longevity of firefighters.
{"title":"A novel approach to predict core temperature during heat stress among firefighters","authors":"Cory J. Coehoorn, Jonathan Teran, Patrick St Martin, Hannah Cowart, Kylie Dufrene","doi":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to create a novel, non-invasive approach to predict core temperature (Tc) during heat stress among firefighters.</div></div><div><h3>Background</h3><div>The direct measure of Tc is typically performed through invasive techniques (rectal, esophageal, or intestinal). Existing predictive methods involve complex systems with multiple pieces of impractical equipment or are otherwise unsuitable for the work environment. Here, we hypothesized that a novel, non-invasive algorithm using variables collected from a single piece of commercially available equipment could effectively predict Tc.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The participants performed a steady-state exercise protocol in an environmental chamber (35 °C, 45% humidity) while donning firefighter personal protective equipment. The variables collected were skin temperature (Tsk), heart rate (HR), time, respiratory rate (RR), and rate of skin temperature acquisition per minute (Tsk/min).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the variables collected, all contributed to the multiple regression model, except HR. Tsk/min was calculated using Tsk and time. The initial model created in this study predicted Tc with a standard error of the estimate (SEE) of 0.23 °C and an adjusted R<sup>2</sup> of 0.897. Following a \"leave-one-out\" bootstrap method, a robust equation was created using mean coefficients. This robust equation predicted Tc with a SEE of 0.23 and an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.902.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This paper provides a practical, non-invasive model to predict Tc with minimal resources. This method has the potential to provide continuous monitoring of firefighters in the field and can be used as a metric to withdraw firefighters when under detrimental physiological stress. Ultimately, this could improve the health and longevity of firefighters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37151,"journal":{"name":"Smart Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100517
Marvin Kopka , Anna Slagman , Claudia Schorr , Henning Krampe , Maria Altendorf , Felix Balzer , Myrto Bolanaki , Doreen Kuschick , Martin Möckel , Hendrik Napierala , Lennart Scatturin , Konrad Schmidt , Alica Thissen , Malte L. Schmieding
Background
The use of mobile health applications is increasingly common among the general public and in healthcare systems. With such apps percolating into the classic healthcare sector, the necessity of sound and standardized evaluation grows. The mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) provides a novel and custom-tailored psychometrically validated instrument to capture users’ perception of the usefulness and usability of an mHealth application. So far, this questionnaire is only available in English, Malay and Chinese. The aim of this study was to translate and validate a German version of the MAUQ (G-MAUQ). Further, we developed a short scale with 6 items (G-MAUQ-S) in German.
Methods
We used the Translation, Review, Adjudication, Pretest and Documentation (TRAPD) method to translate the MAUQ. Subsequently, we assessed content validity with 15 expert ratings and face validity with 15 German speaking mHealth users. To further validate the questionnaire, we used data from 148 participants of an RCT examining symptom checkers in the Emergency Department to assess convergent validity by correlating the G-MAUQ with the German version of the System Usability Scale and discriminant validity by correlating the G-MAUQ with other unrelated questionnaires. Lastly, we developed a short version by assessing item discrimination, factor loadings, correlation with the full scale and construct validity.
Results
All but one item showed sufficient content validity with item-level content validity index values between CVI-I = 0.8 and 1.0. Face validity was excellent with item-level face validity index values ranging from FVI-I = 0.87 to 1. Convergent validity was sufficient with r = 0.769, and discriminant validity was sufficient with values between r = −0.014 and r = 0.220. An internal consistency of Cronbach's α = 0.93 demonstrated high reliability. The short scale showed sufficient convergent validity (r = 0.762) and discriminant validity (r between −0.012 and 0.201).
Conclusions
A validated and reliable G-MAUQ can be used by researchers and practitioners to assess the usability of mHealth interventions. We also provide the German mHealth App Usability Questionnaire – Short Version (G-MAUQ-S) with six questions to quickly assess the usability of an intervention.
{"title":"German mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (G-MAUQ) and short version (G-MAUQ-S): Translation and validation study","authors":"Marvin Kopka , Anna Slagman , Claudia Schorr , Henning Krampe , Maria Altendorf , Felix Balzer , Myrto Bolanaki , Doreen Kuschick , Martin Möckel , Hendrik Napierala , Lennart Scatturin , Konrad Schmidt , Alica Thissen , Malte L. Schmieding","doi":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The use of mobile health applications is increasingly common among the general public and in healthcare systems. With such apps percolating into the classic healthcare sector, the necessity of sound and standardized evaluation grows. The mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) provides a novel and custom-tailored psychometrically validated instrument to capture users’ perception of the usefulness and usability of an mHealth application. So far, this questionnaire is only available in English, Malay and Chinese. The aim of this study was to translate and validate a German version of the MAUQ (G-MAUQ). Further, we developed a short scale with 6 items (G-MAUQ-S) in German.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used the Translation, Review, Adjudication, Pretest and Documentation (TRAPD) method to translate the MAUQ. Subsequently, we assessed content validity with 15 expert ratings and face validity with 15 German speaking mHealth users. To further validate the questionnaire, we used data from 148 participants of an RCT examining symptom checkers in the Emergency Department to assess convergent validity by correlating the G-MAUQ with the German version of the System Usability Scale and discriminant validity by correlating the G-MAUQ with other unrelated questionnaires. Lastly, we developed a short version by assessing item discrimination, factor loadings, correlation with the full scale and construct validity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All but one item showed sufficient content validity with item-level content validity index values between CVI-I = 0.8 and 1.0. Face validity was excellent with item-level face validity index values ranging from FVI-I = 0.87 to 1. Convergent validity was sufficient with r = 0.769, and discriminant validity was sufficient with values between r = −0.014 and r = 0.220. An internal consistency of Cronbach's α = 0.93 demonstrated high reliability. The short scale showed sufficient convergent validity (r = 0.762) and discriminant validity (r between −0.012 and 0.201).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A validated and reliable G-MAUQ can be used by researchers and practitioners to assess the usability of mHealth interventions. We also provide the German mHealth App Usability Questionnaire – Short Version (G-MAUQ-S) with six questions to quickly assess the usability of an intervention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37151,"journal":{"name":"Smart Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352648324000734/pdfft?md5=695393762eb37c368501d137f28a9fa2&pid=1-s2.0-S2352648324000734-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The gait of a subject follows a specific pattern, but variations exist that are unique to a subject but contrasting to other subjects. This can be utilized for biometric authentication to prevent impersonation during gait studies. However, due to the dynamic nature of gait, like changes in gait speed while walking, gait biometric authentications are challenging. In the state-of-the-art, although attempts have been made to use deep learning and other signal processing methods for biometric authentication, which obtained reliable results, these are either highly resource-consuming, require several sensors or need an expensive framework, making it challenging to implement this in many scenarios. Therefore, a knowledge gap exists to build a reliable, inexpensive and resource-efficient gait biometric authentication system. The paper proposes a method for using only one embedded IMU sensor with a microcontroller for tracking the motion of a subject, resource-efficient on-device elimination of the gait speed differences by proposing a homologous time approximation warping algorithm and building a resource-efficient TinyML model for reliable biometric authentication. Based on an experiment consisting of 20 human subjects with consent, the microcontroller’s on-device accuracy score for decision-making by TinyML was found to be 0.9276. The resource efficiency of the model based on memory profiling has been further discussed. Also, the prediction performance of the microcontroller with the proposed optimization was found to be only 8% slower compared to a personal computer, given that several thousands of processes run parallel on a personal computer. The work needs to be further tested for a larger sample space, and data privacy needs to be addressed.
{"title":"TinyBioGait—Embedded intelligence and homologous time approximation warping for gait biometric authentication from IMU signals","authors":"Subhrangshu Adhikary , Subhadeep Biswas , Arindam Ghosh , Subrata Nandi","doi":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The gait of a subject follows a specific pattern, but variations exist that are unique to a subject but contrasting to other subjects. This can be utilized for biometric authentication to prevent impersonation during gait studies. However, due to the dynamic nature of gait, like changes in gait speed while walking, gait biometric authentications are challenging. In the state-of-the-art, although attempts have been made to use deep learning and other signal processing methods for biometric authentication, which obtained reliable results, these are either highly resource-consuming, require several sensors or need an expensive framework, making it challenging to implement this in many scenarios. Therefore, a knowledge gap exists to build a reliable, inexpensive and resource-efficient gait biometric authentication system. The paper proposes a method for using only one embedded IMU sensor with a microcontroller for tracking the motion of a subject, resource-efficient on-device elimination of the gait speed differences by proposing a homologous time approximation warping algorithm and building a resource-efficient TinyML model for reliable biometric authentication. Based on an experiment consisting of 20 human subjects with consent, the microcontroller’s on-device accuracy score for decision-making by TinyML was found to be 0.9276. The resource efficiency of the model based on memory profiling has been further discussed. Also, the prediction performance of the microcontroller with the proposed optimization was found to be only 8% slower compared to a personal computer, given that several thousands of processes run parallel on a personal computer. The work needs to be further tested for a larger sample space, and data privacy needs to be addressed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37151,"journal":{"name":"Smart Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100504
Chayan Kanti Dhar, Abhishek Majumder
The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a subset of the Internet of Things (IoT), which consists of internet-connected medical devices, hardware, and software applications that facilitate healthcare information technology. Transformation of the healthcare sector through the adoption of IoMT devices offers significant benefits, including efficient and timely medical interventions based on real-time monitoring of patients’ vitals. Security, authentication and privacy safeguards are the key hurdles in adopting medical-grade IoMT deployment. To address these critical hurdles, a lightweight, efficient and reliable key exchange scheme, termed iSecureHealth, has been proposed. The proposed system incorporates a security control node outside the User-IoMT-Gateway paradigm to enforce end-to-end secure data transactions for a medical-grade IoMT-based patient monitoring Environment. The secure data transaction techniques and key management comprise an authentication, authorization, and access (AAA) control layer, ensuring a secure data channel between IoMT sensors and the Gateway node (GNo) paradigm. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)-based key management, using the Elliptic Curve Diffie–Hellman Key Exchange technique, provides a secure, end-to-end private health data transmission through authorized IoMT devices. We used HMACSHA256 for JWT session key generation to design a lightweight automatic authentication scheme for iSecureHealth. For mutual authentication validation, a well-known BAN-Logic is applied. We considered the widely accepted random Oracle-based Real-Or-Random (ROR) model and Dolev–Yao (DY) logic for formal and informal security analysis, respectively. A generic ESP32/ESP-32S development board connected with a multisensory (MAX30102) was used for implementation. The publisher–subscriber-based lightweight Secure Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (SMQTT) protocol demonstrates real-time streaming of sensor-acquired data over the secure transport layer. Our experiments and results show that the performance of the proposed technique is better compared to the baselines.
{"title":"iSecureHealth: An efficient and secure technique to exchange health data using IoMT devices","authors":"Chayan Kanti Dhar, Abhishek Majumder","doi":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a subset of the Internet of Things (IoT), which consists of internet-connected medical devices, hardware, and software applications that facilitate healthcare information technology. Transformation of the healthcare sector through the adoption of IoMT devices offers significant benefits, including efficient and timely medical interventions based on real-time monitoring of patients’ vitals. Security, authentication and privacy safeguards are the key hurdles in adopting medical-grade IoMT deployment. To address these critical hurdles, a lightweight, efficient and reliable key exchange scheme, termed iSecureHealth, has been proposed. The proposed system incorporates a security control node outside the User-IoMT-Gateway paradigm to enforce end-to-end secure data transactions for a medical-grade IoMT-based patient monitoring Environment. The secure data transaction techniques and key management comprise an authentication, authorization, and access (AAA) control layer, ensuring a secure data channel between IoMT sensors and the Gateway node (GNo) paradigm. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)-based key management, using the Elliptic Curve Diffie–Hellman Key Exchange technique, provides a secure, end-to-end private health data transmission through authorized IoMT devices. We used HMACSHA256 for JWT session key generation to design a lightweight automatic authentication scheme for iSecureHealth. For mutual authentication validation, a well-known BAN-Logic is applied. We considered the widely accepted random Oracle-based Real-Or-Random (ROR) model and Dolev–Yao (DY) logic for formal and informal security analysis, respectively. A generic ESP32/ESP-32S development board connected with a multisensory (MAX30102) was used for implementation. The publisher–subscriber-based lightweight Secure Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (SMQTT) protocol demonstrates real-time streaming of sensor-acquired data over the secure transport layer. Our experiments and results show that the performance of the proposed technique is better compared to the baselines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37151,"journal":{"name":"Smart Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141953185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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