Pub Date : 2019-08-06DOI: 10.11648/J.IPA.20190301.13
R. S. M. Costa
The conception of the State is constantly challenged. The new disruptions and social, political and economical developments have questioned the existence, meaning and scope of the institutionalized State. While many believe that the State is no longer necessary in a current international law environment, others defend its applicability and relevance. Many theories of the State have risen either as justification for its existence or termination. Sphere sovereignty is a known theory within the Christian tradition. It lacks, however, acknowledgement in a wider context. Although this theory presents a relevant approach to the formation and the meaning of the State, its origins and developments are not widely known. The article proposes the reader to look back in order to understand the roots of sphere sovereignty and its basic tenets to, then, look forward, proposing that some challenges in international law could be faced through the lens of sphere sovereignty.
{"title":"A Sphere Sovereignty Theory of the State: Looking Back and Looking Forward","authors":"R. S. M. Costa","doi":"10.11648/J.IPA.20190301.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IPA.20190301.13","url":null,"abstract":"The conception of the State is constantly challenged. The new disruptions and social, political and economical developments have questioned the existence, meaning and scope of the institutionalized State. While many believe that the State is no longer necessary in a current international law environment, others defend its applicability and relevance. Many theories of the State have risen either as justification for its existence or termination. Sphere sovereignty is a known theory within the Christian tradition. It lacks, however, acknowledgement in a wider context. Although this theory presents a relevant approach to the formation and the meaning of the State, its origins and developments are not widely known. The article proposes the reader to look back in order to understand the roots of sphere sovereignty and its basic tenets to, then, look forward, proposing that some challenges in international law could be faced through the lens of sphere sovereignty.","PeriodicalId":37210,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84373723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.11648/J.IPA.20190301.12
Herman, Juniyati Rajagukguk
The objective of this research is to analyze and find out the oblique translation through the terms and sentences from English version into Indonesian version. Social media like Twitter is one of many media that are used by people to communicate for near or far direction. To be able to use the media, translation is needed in order to have a good understanding in communication. Since its importance, this research is conducted in order to analyze a translation from one social networking website, twitter, which is served into bilingual version, English and Indonesian. The data is analyzed through a translation theory stated by Vinay and Darbelnet. The theory divides the method of translation into 2 main parts, (1) literal or direct translation which covers borrowing, calque, and literal translation. Meanwhile (2) an oblique translation, which is also called as translation procedures, serves transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation. The research method in this research used is qualitative description. The data are taken from each sentence written in English (as Source Language/SL) into Indonesian (as Target Language/TL). After describing a translation theory about definition and translation procedures, it can be concluded that all procedures (oblique translation) are used and found in one social networking service, twitter. They are transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation.
{"title":"An English Oblique Translation Analysis of “Twitter” Social Networking Website into Indonesian: An Applied Linguistics Study","authors":"Herman, Juniyati Rajagukguk","doi":"10.11648/J.IPA.20190301.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IPA.20190301.12","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to analyze and find out the oblique translation through the terms and sentences from English version into Indonesian version. Social media like Twitter is one of many media that are used by people to communicate for near or far direction. To be able to use the media, translation is needed in order to have a good understanding in communication. Since its importance, this research is conducted in order to analyze a translation from one social networking website, twitter, which is served into bilingual version, English and Indonesian. The data is analyzed through a translation theory stated by Vinay and Darbelnet. The theory divides the method of translation into 2 main parts, (1) literal or direct translation which covers borrowing, calque, and literal translation. Meanwhile (2) an oblique translation, which is also called as translation procedures, serves transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation. The research method in this research used is qualitative description. The data are taken from each sentence written in English (as Source Language/SL) into Indonesian (as Target Language/TL). After describing a translation theory about definition and translation procedures, it can be concluded that all procedures (oblique translation) are used and found in one social networking service, twitter. They are transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation.","PeriodicalId":37210,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81860056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-23DOI: 10.11648/J.IPA.20190301.11
Casmir Chidiebere Onyeneke, Victorhez Edward, J. Nwosu
Unemployment has become a non-creative menace, which ruins the future of the youths as well as affecting the nations entirely. Unemployment can be terminated through creative solutions leading to employment. Employment is defined as a state which one's work or occupation earns desired income regularly. It is an activity that consumes time in order to generate paid income. Creativity is referred to the ability to come up with an activity, which when implemented gains money for the individual. Globally, companies and industries are insufficient to employ all citizens, because the employment opportunities in these companies only accommodate few citizens. As a result, many can be independently employed through creative solutions and entrepreneurship. Few people managed to create an activity and a solution through thinking, and now, they are being paid for their creativity. This write-up examines the problems of unemployment in Nigeria and proffers a sustainable solution to eradicate the problems. It is pertinent to note that an innovative citizen has all it takes to create, build and develop from the creche. One of the motivations of this essay is to showcase the various ways of building from nothing through creative solutions. In other words, the steps outlined in this essay take one from the level of unemployment to the position of being an employer.
{"title":"Employment Opportunities: Building from Nothing Through Creative Solutions","authors":"Casmir Chidiebere Onyeneke, Victorhez Edward, J. Nwosu","doi":"10.11648/J.IPA.20190301.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IPA.20190301.11","url":null,"abstract":"Unemployment has become a non-creative menace, which ruins the future of the youths as well as affecting the nations entirely. Unemployment can be terminated through creative solutions leading to employment. Employment is defined as a state which one's work or occupation earns desired income regularly. It is an activity that consumes time in order to generate paid income. Creativity is referred to the ability to come up with an activity, which when implemented gains money for the individual. Globally, companies and industries are insufficient to employ all citizens, because the employment opportunities in these companies only accommodate few citizens. As a result, many can be independently employed through creative solutions and entrepreneurship. Few people managed to create an activity and a solution through thinking, and now, they are being paid for their creativity. This write-up examines the problems of unemployment in Nigeria and proffers a sustainable solution to eradicate the problems. It is pertinent to note that an innovative citizen has all it takes to create, build and develop from the creche. One of the motivations of this essay is to showcase the various ways of building from nothing through creative solutions. In other words, the steps outlined in this essay take one from the level of unemployment to the position of being an employer.","PeriodicalId":37210,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74353090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ipa.20190302.12
Abwao Geofrey Magani
{"title":"Common External Tariffs and Trade Efficiency: Lessons for Cross-listed Firms in the East African Community","authors":"Abwao Geofrey Magani","doi":"10.11648/j.ipa.20190302.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ipa.20190302.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37210,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85745169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：