M. Frej-Mądrzak, M. Jeziorek, J. Sarowska, A. Jama-Kmiecik, I. Choroszy-Król
Probiotics are live microorganisms, which, if appropriately administered, can beneficially affect human health. Probiotics are used for the prevention and the treatment of many diseases. Beneficial effects of probiotics result from the fact that their presence in the large intestine demonstrates protective properties, whereas their low amount can increase susceptibility to various infections and diseases. Prebiotics are food ingredients that are not digested by endogenous enzymes and selectively pass intact into the large intestine (colon). In this area, they are decomposed by enzymes of beneficial bacteria selectively stimulating the growth and activity of these microbes and having a beneficial effect on human health. Their basic function, which is multiplying beneficial bacteria in the intestine, is associated with the formation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), i.e. butyric, ace-tic, and propionic acids, fermentation products that occur in the large intestine. The production of such acids results in the decreased intestinal pH level that maintains the homeostasis of gut microbiota. Using probiotics is recommended due to the fact that they favour the development of normal gut microbiota, which, as a con-sequence, prevents intestinal diseases and improves the health of the entire organism. Furthermore, probiotics have also been used for therapeutic purposes and, in the case of various disorders, as a factor supporting and stimulating intestinal regeneration during the recovery period.
{"title":"The role of probiotics and prebiotics in the proper functioning of gut microbiota and the treatment \u0000of diseases caused by gut microbiota dysbiosis","authors":"M. Frej-Mądrzak, M. Jeziorek, J. Sarowska, A. Jama-Kmiecik, I. Choroszy-Król","doi":"10.5114/noms.2020.94667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/noms.2020.94667","url":null,"abstract":"Probiotics are live microorganisms, which, if appropriately administered, can beneficially affect human health. Probiotics are used for the prevention and the treatment of many diseases. Beneficial effects of probiotics result from the fact that their presence in the large intestine demonstrates protective properties, whereas their low amount can increase susceptibility to various infections and diseases. Prebiotics are food ingredients that are not digested by endogenous enzymes and selectively pass intact into the large intestine (colon). In this area, they are decomposed by enzymes of beneficial bacteria selectively stimulating the growth and activity of these microbes and having a beneficial effect on human health. Their basic function, which is multiplying beneficial bacteria in the intestine, is associated with the formation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), i.e. butyric, ace-tic, and propionic acids, fermentation products that occur in the large intestine. The production of such acids results in the decreased intestinal pH level that maintains the homeostasis of gut microbiota. Using probiotics is recommended due to the fact that they favour the development of normal gut microbiota, which, as a con-sequence, prevents intestinal diseases and improves the health of the entire organism. Furthermore, probiotics have also been used for therapeutic purposes and, in the case of various disorders, as a factor supporting and stimulating intestinal regeneration during the recovery period.","PeriodicalId":372217,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition, Obesity & Metabolic Surgery","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133241450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The aim of the multicenter study was to assess the compliance of diagnostic and therapeutic decisions of general practitioners in patients with suspected or diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with current guidelines of the European Association for the Study of the Liver, the European Association for the Study of Diabetes and the European Association for the Study of Obesity. Material and methods: The multicenter survey was performed nation-wide by 844 general practitioners among 20,550 outpatients suspected for or already diagnosed with NAFLD (48.2%) during a routine visit. The lack of oral consent to participate and the inability to obtain answers to the survey questions were the only exclusion criteria. Results: In the group suspected for NAFLD, activity of liver enzymes and ultrasound were ordered in 48.3% and 54.7% of patients. Among non-diabetic patients already diagnosed with NAFLD fasting glucose level was measured in 75.7%, an oral glucose tolerability test was performed in 38.7%, fasting insulin level was measured in 15.1%, and HOMA-IR was calculated in 5.5%. In the therapy the following were recommended: reduction of diet energy by 500-1000 kcal corresponding to the patient’s needs (in 40.9% and 87.2% suspected and diagnosed with NAFLD, respectively), restriction of the consumption of animal fat (in 45.1% and 93.7%) and alcohol (in 39.2% and 80.7%), increase in the consumption of complex carbohydrates (in 28.6% and 62.9%), avoidance of drinks and foods rich in fructose (in 32.4% and 71.5%), regular aerobic physical activity 150-200 minutes per week (in 39.2% and 82.5%) and regular resistance training (in 14.4% and 31.5%). Pharmacological treatment of concomitant diseases was prescribed in 38.7% and 73.4% of patients, respectively, including pharmaceutical products containing the necessary phospholipids (in 13.6% and 36.0%) and thiazolidine carboxylic acid (in 29.2% and 74.9%). Conclusions: 1. Polish general practitioners too rarely perform a diagnostic test for NAFLD and recommend changes in diet and physical activity, and too rarely perform tests for carbohydrate metabolism disturbances. 2. Diagnostic workup and NAFLD therapy are in line with the current guidelines.
{"title":"Diagnostic and therapeutic decisions of general practitioners in patients with suspected or diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with reference to current European guidelines","authors":"M. Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, J. Chudek","doi":"10.5114/noms.2020.94666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/noms.2020.94666","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of the multicenter study was to assess the compliance of diagnostic and therapeutic decisions of general practitioners in patients with suspected or diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with current guidelines of the European Association for the Study of the Liver, the European Association for the Study of Diabetes and the European Association for the Study of Obesity. Material and methods: The multicenter survey was performed nation-wide by 844 general practitioners among 20,550 outpatients suspected for or already diagnosed with NAFLD (48.2%) during a routine visit. The lack of oral consent to participate and the inability to obtain answers to the survey questions were the only exclusion criteria. Results: In the group suspected for NAFLD, activity of liver enzymes and ultrasound were ordered in 48.3% and 54.7% of patients. Among non-diabetic patients already diagnosed with NAFLD fasting glucose level was measured in 75.7%, an oral glucose tolerability test was performed in 38.7%, fasting insulin level was measured in 15.1%, and HOMA-IR was calculated in 5.5%. In the therapy the following were recommended: reduction of diet energy by 500-1000 kcal corresponding to the patient’s needs (in 40.9% and 87.2% suspected and diagnosed with NAFLD, respectively), restriction of the consumption of animal fat (in 45.1% and 93.7%) and alcohol (in 39.2% and 80.7%), increase in the consumption of complex carbohydrates (in 28.6% and 62.9%), avoidance of drinks and foods rich in fructose (in 32.4% and 71.5%), regular aerobic physical activity 150-200 minutes per week (in 39.2% and 82.5%) and regular resistance training (in 14.4% and 31.5%). Pharmacological treatment of concomitant diseases was prescribed in 38.7% and 73.4% of patients, respectively, including pharmaceutical products containing the necessary phospholipids (in 13.6% and 36.0%) and thiazolidine carboxylic acid (in 29.2% and 74.9%). Conclusions: 1. Polish general practitioners too rarely perform a diagnostic test for NAFLD and recommend changes in diet and physical activity, and too rarely perform tests for carbohydrate metabolism disturbances. 2. Diagnostic workup and NAFLD therapy are in line with the current guidelines.","PeriodicalId":372217,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition, Obesity & Metabolic Surgery","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127357982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wiesław Folwarczny, P. Kocełak, A. Owczarek, J. Chudek, M. Olszanecka-Glinianowicz
Objective: Tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and apelin-36 are adipokines with increased circulating levels in obesity, which are involved in the development of insulin resistance. It was shown that TNF-α stimulates synthesis of apelin-36 and inhibits RBP4 expression in adipocytes. The aim of the study was the assessment of relationships between TNF system activity and plasma RBP4 and apelin-36 levels in obese and normal weight women. Material and methods: A total of 116 women (72 obese and 44 normal weight) were enrolled into the study. In addition to the anthropometric measurements and routine biochemical parameters, plasma TNF-α, sTNFRs, RBP4, and apelin-36, insulin levels were assessed by ELISA. Results: In obese group plasma TNF-α, sTNFR1, RBP-4, and apelin-36 levels were significantly higher, while sTNFR2 levels were lower than in the normal-weight group (Me 4.4 vs. 2.3 pg/mL, p < 0.05; 1908 vs. 1285 pg/mL, p < 0.001; 27.6 vs. 14.7 ng/mL, p < 0.001; 1.6 vs. 1.2 ng/mL, p < 0.05, and 2361 vs. 2574 pg/mL, p < 0.05, respec-tively). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that plasma RBP4 levels were proportional to age (β = 0.01), and plasma TNF-α (β = 0.26) and sTNFR1 (β = 0.39) levels, and inversely proportional to sTNFR2 levels (β = –0.55) independently of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, while apelin-36 was proportional to BMI (β = 0.01) and insulin levels (β = 0.19) and inversely proportional to age (β = –0.01), independently of waist circumference and TNF system activity. Conclusions: Plasma RBP4, but not apelin-36 level, is associated with TNF system activity.
目的:肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-α)、视黄醇结合蛋白4 (RBP4)和apelin-36是肥胖患者循环水平升高的脂肪因子，参与胰岛素抵抗的发展。结果表明，TNF-α刺激apelin-36的合成，抑制RBP4在脂肪细胞中的表达。该研究的目的是评估肥胖和正常体重女性中TNF系统活性与血浆RBP4和apelin-36水平之间的关系。材料与方法:116名女性(肥胖72名，正常体重44名)被纳入研究。除了人体测量和常规生化参数，血浆TNF-α、sTNFRs、RBP4和apelin-36，胰岛素水平通过ELISA检测。结果:肥胖组血浆TNF-α、sTNFR1、RBP-4、apelin-36水平显著高于正常体重组(me4.4 vs. 2.3 pg/mL, p < 0.05;1908 vs. 1285 pg/mL, p < 0.001;27.6 vs. 14.7 ng/mL, p < 0.001;1.6 vs. 1.2 ng/mL, p < 0.05; 2361 vs. 2574 pg/mL, p < 0.05)。多因素回归分析显示，血浆RBP4水平与年龄成正比(β = 0.01)，血浆TNF-α (β = 0.26)和sTNFR1 (β = 0.39)水平与sTNFR2水平成反比(β = -0.55)，与体重指数(BMI)和胰岛素水平(β = 0.19)成正比，与年龄成反比(β = -0.01)，与腰围和TNF系统活性无关。结论:血浆RBP4水平与TNF系统活性相关，而与apelin-36水平无关。
{"title":"TNF system activity and plasma RBP4 and apelin-36 levels in obese and normal weight women","authors":"Wiesław Folwarczny, P. Kocełak, A. Owczarek, J. Chudek, M. Olszanecka-Glinianowicz","doi":"10.5114/noms.2020.94669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/noms.2020.94669","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and apelin-36 are adipokines with increased circulating levels in obesity, which are involved in the development of insulin resistance. It was shown that TNF-α stimulates synthesis of apelin-36 and inhibits RBP4 expression in adipocytes. The aim of the study was the assessment of relationships between TNF system activity and plasma RBP4 and apelin-36 levels in obese and normal weight women. Material and methods: A total of 116 women (72 obese and 44 normal weight) were enrolled into the study. In addition to the anthropometric measurements and routine biochemical parameters, plasma TNF-α, sTNFRs, RBP4, and apelin-36, insulin levels were assessed by ELISA. Results: In obese group plasma TNF-α, sTNFR1, RBP-4, and apelin-36 levels were significantly higher, while sTNFR2 levels were lower than in the normal-weight group (Me 4.4 vs. 2.3 pg/mL, p < 0.05; 1908 vs. 1285 pg/mL, p < 0.001; 27.6 vs. 14.7 ng/mL, p < 0.001; 1.6 vs. 1.2 ng/mL, p < 0.05, and 2361 vs. 2574 pg/mL, p < 0.05, respec-tively). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that plasma RBP4 levels were proportional to age (β = 0.01), and plasma TNF-α (β = 0.26) and sTNFR1 (β = 0.39) levels, and inversely proportional to sTNFR2 levels (β = –0.55) independently of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, while apelin-36 was proportional to BMI (β = 0.01) and insulin levels (β = 0.19) and inversely proportional to age (β = –0.01), independently of waist circumference and TNF system activity. Conclusions: Plasma RBP4, but not apelin-36 level, is associated with TNF system activity.","PeriodicalId":372217,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition, Obesity & Metabolic Surgery","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116913943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：