Pub Date : 1996-04-14DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1996.506010
R. A. Errath, R. Clausznitzer
Trends indicate that DC motor drives in the cement industry will no longer have the virtually exclusive right to drive kilns in the cement industry. The paper takes a look at the reasons behind the long and successful application of DC technology in driving kilns in cement plants around the globe and poses the question: "why change?". The current trends to increased use of AC motor drive technology is examined using recent examples. The main change agents and factors forcing the speed of change give an indication whether an accelerated trend is "just around the corner" or not. Recommendations are included to potential purchasers of kiln drives.
{"title":"AC technology on an upward trend in cement-no exclusive rights for DC technology to drive kilns anymore","authors":"R. A. Errath, R. Clausznitzer","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1996.506010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1996.506010","url":null,"abstract":"Trends indicate that DC motor drives in the cement industry will no longer have the virtually exclusive right to drive kilns in the cement industry. The paper takes a look at the reasons behind the long and successful application of DC technology in driving kilns in cement plants around the globe and poses the question: \"why change?\". The current trends to increased use of AC motor drive technology is examined using recent examples. The main change agents and factors forcing the speed of change give an indication whether an accelerated trend is \"just around the corner\" or not. Recommendations are included to potential purchasers of kiln drives.","PeriodicalId":373006,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 38th Cement Industry Technical Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132950547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-14DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1996.507135
W. L. Greer, T. Matz
Presented are the evolution and status as at December 1995 of the proposed enforceable agreement between the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the US domestic Portland cement industry regarding disposal of new cement kiln dust. The completion and execution of the enforceable agreement was in doubt because of objections by environmentalists and commercial hazardous waste incinerators, the apparent lack of existing statutory authority for such a contract, and the reluctance of elements of the cement industry to use existing regulatory authority requiring a finding of imminent and substantial endangerment to develop a consent order that embodied the substance of the proposed enforceable agreement.
{"title":"Cement kiln dust enforceable agreement-yes or no?","authors":"W. L. Greer, T. Matz","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1996.507135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1996.507135","url":null,"abstract":"Presented are the evolution and status as at December 1995 of the proposed enforceable agreement between the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the US domestic Portland cement industry regarding disposal of new cement kiln dust. The completion and execution of the enforceable agreement was in doubt because of objections by environmentalists and commercial hazardous waste incinerators, the apparent lack of existing statutory authority for such a contract, and the reluctance of elements of the cement industry to use existing regulatory authority requiring a finding of imminent and substantial endangerment to develop a consent order that embodied the substance of the proposed enforceable agreement.","PeriodicalId":373006,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 38th Cement Industry Technical Conference","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121028502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-14DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1996.506014
L. Manz
This paper addresses why a three-phase induction motor overheats under some conditions in ASD applications. It further addresses how the motor may derate when used on a drive and shows how to determine the amount of derating required.
{"title":"Applying adjustable speed drives (ASDs) to 3 phase induction NEMA frame motors","authors":"L. Manz","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1996.506014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1996.506014","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses why a three-phase induction motor overheats under some conditions in ASD applications. It further addresses how the motor may derate when used on a drive and shows how to determine the amount of derating required.","PeriodicalId":373006,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 38th Cement Industry Technical Conference","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125031361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1996.507134
D. Cahn, E. Mikols, A. Gill, A. Dougherty
Title III of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) addresses the control of hazardous air pollutants, or HAPs, from major sources of air pollution in the United States. This paper outlines the recent activities (during 1995) undertaken by the US Environmental Protection Agency to regulate HAP emissions from Portland cement plants and reports on the progress of projects in the technical program developed by the Portland cement manufacturing industry. Key issues will include the need for subcategorization of the industry to comply with standards, correcting estimates of emissions from Portland cement kilns made by others, and preparation of protocols/methods for effective measurement of HAPs.
{"title":"The regulation of hazardous air pollutants under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990: further effects on the Portland cement industry","authors":"D. Cahn, E. Mikols, A. Gill, A. Dougherty","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1996.507134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1996.507134","url":null,"abstract":"Title III of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) addresses the control of hazardous air pollutants, or HAPs, from major sources of air pollution in the United States. This paper outlines the recent activities (during 1995) undertaken by the US Environmental Protection Agency to regulate HAP emissions from Portland cement plants and reports on the progress of projects in the technical program developed by the Portland cement manufacturing industry. Key issues will include the need for subcategorization of the industry to comply with standards, correcting estimates of emissions from Portland cement kilns made by others, and preparation of protocols/methods for effective measurement of HAPs.","PeriodicalId":373006,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 38th Cement Industry Technical Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127099103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1996.507133
M. Heenan
Cement company operators are faced with numerous challenges in today's regulatory environment. Not least among these is the need to maintain a safe and healthful workplace. Over the years, companies have devised a variety of approaches to making facilities and equipment safer; they have also improved training for employees. Increasingly, employers recognize that anything they can do to prevent on-the-job accidents, injuries or illnesses, they should do. This paper reviews the nature of each of the potential types of employer liability and then considers how they interact. Moreover, it considers particularly the implications of independent contractors being on mine property as third parties since, by their presence, they are persons who are potentially exposed to injury. Perhaps, more significantly, they are persons who may cause an unsafe condition, a violation of law, or a workplace injury. Under present law, a corporation that is deemed an operator of a mine may be held vicariously liable for violations or injuries caused by contractors while on mine property. Thus, this paper also suggests precautions for operators who engage independent contractors for work on mine property.
{"title":"Employer liability related to workplace safety and health obligations at cement operations","authors":"M. Heenan","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1996.507133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1996.507133","url":null,"abstract":"Cement company operators are faced with numerous challenges in today's regulatory environment. Not least among these is the need to maintain a safe and healthful workplace. Over the years, companies have devised a variety of approaches to making facilities and equipment safer; they have also improved training for employees. Increasingly, employers recognize that anything they can do to prevent on-the-job accidents, injuries or illnesses, they should do. This paper reviews the nature of each of the potential types of employer liability and then considers how they interact. Moreover, it considers particularly the implications of independent contractors being on mine property as third parties since, by their presence, they are persons who are potentially exposed to injury. Perhaps, more significantly, they are persons who may cause an unsafe condition, a violation of law, or a workplace injury. Under present law, a corporation that is deemed an operator of a mine may be held vicariously liable for violations or injuries caused by contractors while on mine property. Thus, this paper also suggests precautions for operators who engage independent contractors for work on mine property.","PeriodicalId":373006,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 38th Cement Industry Technical Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129390009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1996.506022
J. R. Gonzalez
This paper discusses the cement industry in South America which is taken to be the countries south of Panama. As well as giving technical details, production figures, equipment and plant descriptions, this paper also includes other topics that perhaps give a better and broader idea of what drives the industry's activities in this area. This information includes industry utilisation, export and import flows and new projects, cement groups in Latin America, and structural reforms in Latin America.
{"title":"The South American cement industry","authors":"J. R. Gonzalez","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1996.506022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1996.506022","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the cement industry in South America which is taken to be the countries south of Panama. As well as giving technical details, production figures, equipment and plant descriptions, this paper also includes other topics that perhaps give a better and broader idea of what drives the industry's activities in this area. This information includes industry utilisation, export and import flows and new projects, cement groups in Latin America, and structural reforms in Latin America.","PeriodicalId":373006,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 38th Cement Industry Technical Conference","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114175449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1996.507141
T. Walker, J. Bojarski, F. Kling
In today's competitive environment specifiers and purchasers of automation systems have to be concerned about initial investment and long-term operating costs. They must also consider whether their choice of a control system will deliver the true "openness" and configurability needed to facilitate on-going process optimization and enterprise-wide information flow. Finally, no one wants to be left behind with outdated technology or a system that cannot be continuously upgraded to take advantage of the latest technological advancements. An ideal control system for cement manufacturing applications would combine the functionality, reliability and configurability of a distributed control system with the low cost and maintainability of a PLC-based system. It would also offer the user a wide choice of competitive, industry-standard computing platforms and I/O subsystems. An open system running on the Microsoft Windows NT operating system and using object-oriented configuration techniques can be the answer to many of these concerns. Value, reliability, and performance can all be assured through careful design of a scaleable, easily configurable "DCS" system based on open system standards and components at every level. These components include the Intel Pentium PC platform for engineers and operators, industrial PCs for the real-time controllers, and standard PLC I/O subsystems.
在当今竞争激烈的环境中，自动化系统的指定者和购买者必须关注初始投资和长期运营成本。他们还必须考虑他们所选择的控制系统是否能够提供真正的“开放性”和可配置性，以促进正在进行的流程优化和企业范围内的信息流。最后，没有人希望落后于过时的技术或不能不断升级以利用最新技术进步的系统。水泥制造应用的理想控制系统应结合分布式控制系统的功能、可靠性和可配置性，以及基于plc的系统的低成本和可维护性。它还将为用户提供具有竞争力的工业标准计算平台和I/O子系统的广泛选择。一个运行在Microsoft Windows NT操作系统上并使用面向对象配置技术的开放系统可以解决这些问题。价值、可靠性和性能都可以通过精心设计一个可扩展的、易于配置的“DCS”系统来保证，该系统基于开放的系统标准和每个级别的组件。这些组件包括用于工程师和操作员的英特尔奔腾PC平台，用于实时控制器的工业PC以及标准PLC I/O子系统。
{"title":"An \"open\" DCS solution for cement process control","authors":"T. Walker, J. Bojarski, F. Kling","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1996.507141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1996.507141","url":null,"abstract":"In today's competitive environment specifiers and purchasers of automation systems have to be concerned about initial investment and long-term operating costs. They must also consider whether their choice of a control system will deliver the true \"openness\" and configurability needed to facilitate on-going process optimization and enterprise-wide information flow. Finally, no one wants to be left behind with outdated technology or a system that cannot be continuously upgraded to take advantage of the latest technological advancements. An ideal control system for cement manufacturing applications would combine the functionality, reliability and configurability of a distributed control system with the low cost and maintainability of a PLC-based system. It would also offer the user a wide choice of competitive, industry-standard computing platforms and I/O subsystems. An open system running on the Microsoft Windows NT operating system and using object-oriented configuration techniques can be the answer to many of these concerns. Value, reliability, and performance can all be assured through careful design of a scaleable, easily configurable \"DCS\" system based on open system standards and components at every level. These components include the Intel Pentium PC platform for engineers and operators, industrial PCs for the real-time controllers, and standard PLC I/O subsystems.","PeriodicalId":373006,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 38th Cement Industry Technical Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128871017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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