Pub Date : 2013-05-15DOI: 10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.3
W. Srimuang, P. Khantikomol, B. Krittacom
The effectiveness of a closed-end flat heat pipe heat exchanger (CEFHPHE) was investigated experimentally. The CEFHPHE consists of three parts, which include the evaporator, adiabatic and condenser sections that the lengths were 300, 100 and 300 mm respectively. The standard copper tube with inner diameter of 8.6 mm and 0.46 mm thick was pressed to reform its cross sectional area for a flat tube, and then bent to many U-shapes, which was closed at both ends. The water was used for working fluid with filling ratios of 45% of internal volume. In experiments, hot air was used for supplying the heat to the evaporator section with different temperatures (105-145oC), and different velocities (0.5-2.0 m/s). Fresh air was used for cooling condenser section with temperature approximately 30oC, and was kept constant velocity at 0.5 m/s. The experimental results indicated that the effectiveness of CEFHPHE increase with the inlet hot air temperature, and decrease with the increase of hot air velocity. In addition, the effectiveness of the CEFHPHE obtained from the experiments varied between 0.35 and 0.74.
{"title":"An experimental Investigation of effectiveness of a closed-end flat heat pipe heat exchanger (CEFHPHE)","authors":"W. Srimuang, P. Khantikomol, B. Krittacom","doi":"10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of a closed-end flat heat pipe heat exchanger (CEFHPHE) was investigated experimentally. The CEFHPHE consists of three parts, which include the evaporator, adiabatic and condenser sections that the lengths were 300, 100 and 300 mm respectively. The standard copper tube with inner diameter of 8.6 mm and 0.46 mm thick was pressed to reform its cross sectional area for a flat tube, and then bent to many U-shapes, which was closed at both ends. The water was used for working fluid with filling ratios of 45% of internal volume. In experiments, hot air was used for supplying the heat to the evaporator section with different temperatures (105-145oC), and different velocities (0.5-2.0 m/s). Fresh air was used for cooling condenser section with temperature approximately 30oC, and was kept constant velocity at 0.5 m/s. The experimental results indicated that the effectiveness of CEFHPHE increase with the inlet hot air temperature, and decrease with the increase of hot air velocity. In addition, the effectiveness of the CEFHPHE obtained from the experiments varied between 0.35 and 0.74.","PeriodicalId":37310,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70944939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-15DOI: 10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.12
Chanwit Kangpanit, Suneerat Kusalasai
Construction activities are mostly determined by the technique known as critical path method (CPM) based on technical relationships and by resource allocation techniques which is used to examine daily resource requirement. These resource allocation techniques analyze the overall resource profile of a project without considering working timetable of any individual resource. Generally, in practice, an assigned foreman designated by a project manager will be responsible for assigning resources to a particular activity. Most of the time, this assignment is done when an activity is about to start. Therefore, working timetables of an individual resource cannot be known in advance. Although most foremen can allocate resources at low cost, there are many occasions that workers are forced to be idle between jobs or to suddenly change to different tasks. These could result in inefficiency as they affect workers’ income and their learning process. This paper proposes the use of genetic algorithm technique to assist in the search for a work plan resulting in the most cost-effective working timetable of an individual resource in a construction project with unlimited resources. In this study, the efficiency is measured in three dimensions including: the number of releases and re-hires, the number of resource idle days and the total number of resources required. To identify the most cost-effective schedule, five different schedules of a project example were generated. They are 1) early start schedule 2) late start schedule 3) min Mx schedule 4) min RRH schedule and 5) min RID schedule. Then the respective resource allocations are compared. The results show that, in the case that idle days were considered unpaid days, the Mx schedule delivered the lowest cost as well as the lowest number of resource requirement. In the case that resources were paid on idle days, the RID schedule was found to incur the lowest cost while RRH & RID schedules required the least number of total resources. Based on the study’s findings, it is recommended that, schedule analysis should be carried out with the planning of the individual resource timetable to be able to manage project resource efficiently and cost-effectively.
{"title":"Optimizing individual resource assignment using genetic algorithm","authors":"Chanwit Kangpanit, Suneerat Kusalasai","doi":"10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Construction activities are mostly determined by the technique known as critical path method (CPM) based on technical relationships and by resource allocation techniques which is used to examine daily resource requirement. These resource allocation techniques analyze the overall resource profile of a project without considering working timetable of any individual resource. Generally, in practice, an assigned foreman designated by a project manager will be responsible for assigning resources to a particular activity. Most of the time, this assignment is done when an activity is about to start. Therefore, working timetables of an individual resource cannot be known in advance. Although most foremen can allocate resources at low cost, there are many occasions that workers are forced to be idle between jobs or to suddenly change to different tasks. These could result in inefficiency as they affect workers’ income and their learning process. This paper proposes the use of genetic algorithm technique to assist in the search for a work plan resulting in the most cost-effective working timetable of an individual resource in a construction project with unlimited resources. In this study, the efficiency is measured in three dimensions including: the number of releases and re-hires, the number of resource idle days and the total number of resources required. To identify the most cost-effective schedule, five different schedules of a project example were generated. They are 1) early start schedule 2) late start schedule 3) min Mx schedule 4) min RRH schedule and 5) min RID schedule. Then the respective resource allocations are compared. The results show that, in the case that idle days were considered unpaid days, the Mx schedule delivered the lowest cost as well as the lowest number of resource requirement. In the case that resources were paid on idle days, the RID schedule was found to incur the lowest cost while RRH & RID schedules required the least number of total resources. Based on the study’s findings, it is recommended that, schedule analysis should be carried out with the planning of the individual resource timetable to be able to manage project resource efficiently and cost-effectively.","PeriodicalId":37310,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"105-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70944919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-15DOI: 10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.8
Thippapa Sukumalchart, A. Pornprommin, Surachai Lipiwattanakam
Thailand is the third largest net virtual water exporter in relation to crop trade with the volume of 47 billion m3/yr. Thus, one of the reasons of water scarcity in Thailand is possibly due to the export of the agricultural sector. Maize is one of twelve economic field crops of Thailand, which is essential to the stock feed industry. In this study, water footprint of maize in Thailand was calculated in details by using the monthly production statistics, daily Meteorological date and crop coefficient experimented in Thailand. There are 3 steps in the computation as follows: 1. Calculate the maize evapotranspiration 2. Evaluate the crop water use by the soil water balance method in root zone 3. With the crop yield and fertilization data, water footprint is calculated. The results of this study show that the country-averaged water footprint of maize in Thailand equals to 1,132 m3/ton comprised of 894 m3/ton green and 237 m3/ton grey water footprints. Since maize cultivation is mostly in the rain-fed area (99.2%), the blue water footprint in this study. Is negligible Udonthani province has the highest water footprint of maize (1,368 m3/ton), while Phichit the lowest (953 m3/ton). Comparing with the results of Mekonnen and Hoekstra (2010), this study shows the similar value of the country-averaged green water footprint of maize. However, the grey water footprint was found to about double of previous study.
{"title":"Water footprint of maize in thailand","authors":"Thippapa Sukumalchart, A. Pornprommin, Surachai Lipiwattanakam","doi":"10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Thailand is the third largest net virtual water exporter in relation to crop trade with the volume of 47 billion m3/yr. Thus, one of the reasons of water scarcity in Thailand is possibly due to the export of the agricultural sector. Maize is one of twelve economic field crops of Thailand, which is essential to the stock feed industry. In this study, water footprint of maize in Thailand was calculated in details by using the monthly production statistics, daily Meteorological date and crop coefficient experimented in Thailand. There are 3 steps in the computation as follows: 1. Calculate the maize evapotranspiration 2. Evaluate the crop water use by the soil water balance method in root zone 3. With the crop yield and fertilization data, water footprint is calculated. The results of this study show that the country-averaged water footprint of maize in Thailand equals to 1,132 m3/ton comprised of 894 m3/ton green and 237 m3/ton grey water footprints. Since maize cultivation is mostly in the rain-fed area (99.2%), the blue water footprint in this study. Is negligible Udonthani province has the highest water footprint of maize (1,368 m3/ton), while Phichit the lowest (953 m3/ton). Comparing with the results of Mekonnen and Hoekstra (2010), this study shows the similar value of the country-averaged green water footprint of maize. However, the grey water footprint was found to about double of previous study.","PeriodicalId":37310,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"67-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70946517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-15DOI: 10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.13
Saksit Summart, C. Thongsopa
This article presents a current-mode four phase quadrature oscillator with orthogonal control for condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO) based on CCCII. The proposed circuit consists of 3 CCCIIs and 2 grounded capacitors. The proposed circuit can generate four sinusoidal output current terminals with 90o phase difference. It also provides high output impedances that make the circuit can drive load without additional current buffers. The CO and FO can be controlled electronically by adjusting the bias current. The proposed circuit uses only grounded capacitors without any external resistor which is beneficial from the point of view of integrated circuit fabrication. The simulation results by PSpice program are shown corresponding with the theoretical analysis.
{"title":"Four phase current-mode sinusoidal quadrature oscillator based on CCCIIs","authors":"Saksit Summart, C. Thongsopa","doi":"10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a current-mode four phase quadrature oscillator with orthogonal control for condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO) based on CCCII. The proposed circuit consists of 3 CCCIIs and 2 grounded capacitors. The proposed circuit can generate four sinusoidal output current terminals with 90o phase difference. It also provides high output impedances that make the circuit can drive load without additional current buffers. The CO and FO can be controlled electronically by adjusting the bias current. The proposed circuit uses only grounded capacitors without any external resistor which is beneficial from the point of view of integrated circuit fabrication. The simulation results by PSpice program are shown corresponding with the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":37310,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"117-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70944980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-15DOI: 10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.4
Khosak Achawakorn, T. Jearsiripongkul, Krairoek Fanchaeng
To find the relationship between the modal frequency of HDD actuator arm and the interested process parameter, the pivot bearing insertion process has been investigated. The non-conformance condition could be induced by various parameters such as the dimension of parts, and the friction inside the bearing. One of the interesting parameter is the depth of the glue groove between the pivot bearing and the actuator arm. The objective of this research is to prove the existence of relationship between depth of the glue groove and the actuator arm modal frequency. The variation of the modal frequency of actuator arm is investigated by the experiment and FEM. Representing the variation of the controlled parameter, the depth of the glue groove has been varied. The modal frequency of each specimen is measured and is compared to the expected standard condition. The experiment shows that the modal frequency of some vibration mode is significantly different in each group of specimen. The experiment results and the FEM results show the relationship between the variation of controlled dimension and the modal frequency of the Actuator Arm.
{"title":"The effect of HDD pivot bearing assembly process on actuator arm modal frequency","authors":"Khosak Achawakorn, T. Jearsiripongkul, Krairoek Fanchaeng","doi":"10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"To find the relationship between the modal frequency of HDD actuator arm and the interested process parameter, the pivot bearing insertion process has been investigated. The non-conformance condition could be induced by various parameters such as the dimension of parts, and the friction inside the bearing. One of the interesting parameter is the depth of the glue groove between the pivot bearing and the actuator arm. The objective of this research is to prove the existence of relationship between depth of the glue groove and the actuator arm modal frequency. The variation of the modal frequency of actuator arm is investigated by the experiment and FEM. Representing the variation of the controlled parameter, the depth of the glue groove has been varied. The modal frequency of each specimen is measured and is compared to the expected standard condition. The experiment shows that the modal frequency of some vibration mode is significantly different in each group of specimen. The experiment results and the FEM results show the relationship between the variation of controlled dimension and the modal frequency of the Actuator Arm.","PeriodicalId":37310,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"29-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70945782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-15DOI: 10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.6
W. Wongthatsanekorn, B. Phruksaphanrat, Rataphol Sangkahsuk
This paper presents the application of Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) for solving make-pack problem. The objective is to reduce the makespan while satisfying the restrictions on the number and capacity of production resources, resource usage and production time for each production, product change over and the production transfer. BCO is applied to solve make-pack problem with four productions resources; premix tank, mix tank, storage tank and packing line. Small and realistic-sized case studies are conducted with BCO. Small case study contains two bulk formulas and 10 final products. The results show that BCO can find the same minimum makespan (1,447.56 minutes) in every trial. The average run time is 5.91 seconds. For the realistic-sized case study with 59 bulk formulas and 203 final products, the results show that the minimum makespan in every trial is slightly different. The mean deviation from the minimum solution (7,283 minutes) is only 0.5% with average run time of 1078.1seconds.
{"title":"Applying bee colony optimization heuristic for production scheduling in make-pack manufacturing","authors":"W. Wongthatsanekorn, B. Phruksaphanrat, Rataphol Sangkahsuk","doi":"10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the application of Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) for solving make-pack problem. The objective is to reduce the makespan while satisfying the restrictions on the number and capacity of production resources, resource usage and production time for each production, product change over and the production transfer. BCO is applied to solve make-pack problem with four productions resources; premix tank, mix tank, storage tank and packing line. Small and realistic-sized case studies are conducted with BCO. Small case study contains two bulk formulas and 10 final products. The results show that BCO can find the same minimum makespan (1,447.56 minutes) in every trial. The average run time is 5.91 seconds. For the realistic-sized case study with 59 bulk formulas and 203 final products, the results show that the minimum makespan in every trial is slightly different. The mean deviation from the minimum solution (7,283 minutes) is only 0.5% with average run time of 1078.1seconds.","PeriodicalId":37310,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"47-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70946138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-15DOI: 10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.1
Kraisak Kesorn
The continual rapid growth in digital content acquisition and visualization makes it increasingly challenging to find, organize, and access visual information. Typically, image classification and retrieval systems tend to rely only on the lowlevel visual structure within images. Image classification methods usually perform based upon a vector space model. This paper presents a framework to restructure the vector space model of visual words with respect to a structural ontology model in order to resolve visual synonym and polysemy problems. The experimental results show that our method can disambiguate visual word senses effectively and can significantly improve classification, interpretation and retrieval performance for the athletics images.
{"title":"Athletics images interpretation using structural ontology model","authors":"Kraisak Kesorn","doi":"10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The continual rapid growth in digital content acquisition and visualization makes it increasingly challenging to find, organize, and access visual information. Typically, image classification and retrieval systems tend to rely only on the lowlevel visual structure within images. Image classification methods usually perform based upon a vector space model. This paper presents a framework to restructure the vector space model of visual words with respect to a structural ontology model in order to resolve visual synonym and polysemy problems. The experimental results show that our method can disambiguate visual word senses effectively and can significantly improve classification, interpretation and retrieval performance for the athletics images.","PeriodicalId":37310,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70944472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-15DOI: 10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.5
Pattamavadee Sittivoradet, R. Suntivarakorn
This research presents a study of an appropriate approach for biogas production and utilization from waste food and animal manure in Khon Kaen university. The quantity of waste food and animal manure were collected, and the economic feasibility of biogas production was studied. From the study, it was found that the average amount of waste food and animal manure were 989.88 and 1,716.57 kg/day, respectively. The appropriate size of digester to produce biogas is 500 cubic meters. From a study of feasibility of four projects proposed for biogas utilization in this study, it was found that using biogas as LPG substitution by compressing in the tank is a suitable method for the university community. The NPV is 482,470.38 , B/C ratio = 1.12, IRR = 17.37 % and the payback period is 4.7 years. The results showed that this project has the economic possibility and cost-effective investment for biogas production and utilization in Khon Kaen university.
{"title":"An appropriate approach for biogas production and utilization from waste food and animal manure in Khon Kaen University","authors":"Pattamavadee Sittivoradet, R. Suntivarakorn","doi":"10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents a study of an appropriate approach for biogas production and utilization from waste food and animal manure in Khon Kaen university. The quantity of waste food and animal manure were collected, and the economic feasibility of biogas production was studied. From the study, it was found that the average amount of waste food and animal manure were 989.88 and 1,716.57 kg/day, respectively. The appropriate size of digester to produce biogas is 500 cubic meters. From a study of feasibility of four projects proposed for biogas utilization in this study, it was found that using biogas as LPG substitution by compressing in the tank is a suitable method for the university community. The NPV is 482,470.38 , B/C ratio = 1.12, IRR = 17.37 % and the payback period is 4.7 years. The results showed that this project has the economic possibility and cost-effective investment for biogas production and utilization in Khon Kaen university.","PeriodicalId":37310,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Research","volume":"31 1","pages":"35-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70946102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-15DOI: 10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.14
T. Yingsamphancharoen, Nakarin Srisuwan, Chira Densangarun
This research had improved the production of filter in deep drawing process. By using finite element method, FEM, in the analysis, optimum products design could be achieved. The material SPCE with thickness of 0.6 mm. had been used to produce the cup with diameter 102 mm. and height 145 mm. High quantities of rejected products were discovered with crack defects, which caused the production to be less competitive with other companies. Therefore, the improvement of production design had been proposed to design the suitable processes. The production improvement processes involved 5 processes which design drawing ratio of β=1.5, 1.5, 1.1, 1.8, and 1.07 respectively. In the analysis, the material properties had assumed to behave as elastic-plastic according to power law of Ludwik with K = 320 N/mm2 and n = 0.085. According to Hill’s the anisotropy of sheet metal were r0=1.87 r45= 1.30 and r90= 2.14. From the results of FEM, the forming ability of high cup cannot be drawn within a single process. The part size should be reduced with suitable drawing ratio which decreased the lease sheet thickness. The simulation results shown the strain on parts were within the forming limit diagram, which the lowest part thickness was 0.53 mm without damage occurred. Thus occurred stress and strain at fracture were comparable to the Gurson Model, GTN. From the analysis of deep drawing process for producing filter, the production cost had been reduced such as die machining, die trial and error, materials wasted, labor cost, and machines power. The higher production quality and production efficiency can be observed, which will increase the company ability to compete in the future market. This investment in the modeling technology reflected in reduction of the manufacturing cost and increase the company benefits
{"title":"The improvement in deep drawing process for producing air filter by using finite element method","authors":"T. Yingsamphancharoen, Nakarin Srisuwan, Chira Densangarun","doi":"10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"This research had improved the production of filter in deep drawing process. By using finite element method, FEM, in the analysis, optimum products design could be achieved. The material SPCE with thickness of 0.6 mm. had been used to produce the cup with diameter 102 mm. and height 145 mm. High quantities of rejected products were discovered with crack defects, which caused the production to be less competitive with other companies. Therefore, the improvement of production design had been proposed to design the suitable processes. The production improvement processes involved 5 processes which design drawing ratio of β=1.5, 1.5, 1.1, 1.8, and 1.07 respectively. In the analysis, the material properties had assumed to behave as elastic-plastic according to power law of Ludwik with K = 320 N/mm2 and n = 0.085. According to Hill’s the anisotropy of sheet metal were r0=1.87 r45= 1.30 and r90= 2.14. From the results of FEM, the forming ability of high cup cannot be drawn within a single process. The part size should be reduced with suitable drawing ratio which decreased the lease sheet thickness. The simulation results shown the strain on parts were within the forming limit diagram, which the lowest part thickness was 0.53 mm without damage occurred. Thus occurred stress and strain at fracture were comparable to the Gurson Model, GTN. From the analysis of deep drawing process for producing filter, the production cost had been reduced such as die machining, die trial and error, materials wasted, labor cost, and machines power. The higher production quality and production efficiency can be observed, which will increase the company ability to compete in the future market. This investment in the modeling technology reflected in reduction of the manufacturing cost and increase the company benefits","PeriodicalId":37310,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"125-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70945021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-15DOI: 10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.2
N. Petcharaks
This paper proposes zone apportionment algorithms (ZAA) to apportion lightning protection zonegenerated by mast. Mast may be used to protect equipment within substation against lightning. Lightning distance equations are used to determine striking distance to ground, object and mast. The calculation of corresponding protection zone is sophisticated especially when more masts are used. ZAA is proposedto apportion the lightning protection zone generated by 1–4 mast(s), calculate the critical protection height at each point, and create a three dimension protection volume to be visualized. Each point of equipment is laid out in substation with its height. Then, the equipment height at each point is compared with the corresponding critical protection height to determine whether equipmentareprotected or not.The risk part of unprotected equipment will emerge above the comparable protection roof and be visualized clearly. This will help engineers to understand the protection zone thoroughly and ensure that equipment are protected. ZAA algorithms are tested on a 30 m x 30 m substation protected by 1–4 mast(s)located outside substation with height of 32 m, 17 m, 14 m and 13 m, respectively. Equipment are located at the center of substation. Calculation from ZAA indicated that equipment with size 10 m x 10 m should not be higher than 10.14 m, 10.28 m, 10.26 m and 10.97 m in case of 1–4 mast(s), respectively. For larger equipment, with size 12 m x 12 m, they should not be higher than 9.31 m, 9.59 m, 10.26 m and 10.97 m in case of 1–4 mast(s), respectively. Numerical results indicated that the proposed algorithms, ZAA could identify the unprotected part of equipment correctly and produce a three dimension protection volume with emerging of the unprotected part of equipment. ZAA could verify the lightning protection correctly in all cases.
{"title":"Lightning protection zone in substation using mast","authors":"N. Petcharaks","doi":"10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5481/KKUENJ.2013.40.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes zone apportionment algorithms (ZAA) to apportion lightning protection zonegenerated by mast. Mast may be used to protect equipment within substation against lightning. Lightning distance equations are used to determine striking distance to ground, object and mast. The calculation of corresponding protection zone is sophisticated especially when more masts are used. ZAA is proposedto apportion the lightning protection zone generated by 1–4 mast(s), calculate the critical protection height at each point, and create a three dimension protection volume to be visualized. Each point of equipment is laid out in substation with its height. Then, the equipment height at each point is compared with the corresponding critical protection height to determine whether equipmentareprotected or not.The risk part of unprotected equipment will emerge above the comparable protection roof and be visualized clearly. This will help engineers to understand the protection zone thoroughly and ensure that equipment are protected. ZAA algorithms are tested on a 30 m x 30 m substation protected by 1–4 mast(s)located outside substation with height of 32 m, 17 m, 14 m and 13 m, respectively. Equipment are located at the center of substation. Calculation from ZAA indicated that equipment with size 10 m x 10 m should not be higher than 10.14 m, 10.28 m, 10.26 m and 10.97 m in case of 1–4 mast(s), respectively. For larger equipment, with size 12 m x 12 m, they should not be higher than 9.31 m, 9.59 m, 10.26 m and 10.97 m in case of 1–4 mast(s), respectively. Numerical results indicated that the proposed algorithms, ZAA could identify the unprotected part of equipment correctly and produce a three dimension protection volume with emerging of the unprotected part of equipment. ZAA could verify the lightning protection correctly in all cases.","PeriodicalId":37310,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"11-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70945266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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