Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine最新文献

A Girolando cow presented with signs suggestive of esophageal obstruction. The team performed diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Transnasal esophagorumenoscopy with a flexible gastroscope revealed hyperemic erosions and later foamy ulcers in the esophageal mucosa, but no obstructive foreign body. Laparoscopic-assisted rumenostomy via a two-port technique identified intraperitoneal adhesions and ruminal impaction. Under laparoscopic guidance, we placed and secured a handmade cannula fashioned from a 10-mm cuffed endotracheal tube to the abdominal wall. This provided access for therapeutic transfaunation and fluid administration, facilitating short-term clinical stabilization. However, the cow ultimately died due to complications from traumatic reticuloperitonitis caused by a perforating metallic foreign body, leading to diffuse peritonitis and aspiration pneumonia, as confirmed by necropsy. The primary sequelae were diffuse peritonitis and aspiration pneumonia, the latter likely secondary to the esophageal dysfunction and/or therapeutic intervention, as confirmed by necropsy. Despite the fatal outcome, transnasal endoscopy offered valuable real-time assessment of esophageal integrity, and the laparoscopic-assisted placement of a ruminal cannula proved to be a functional, minimally invasive therapeutic alternative. This case illustrates the combined utility of these endoscopic techniques for diagnosing and managing complex digestive distress in cattle, while highlighting their limitations in reversing severe, established pathology.

A 26-year-old female Standing's day gecko (Phelsuma standingi) was presented for evaluation of a mass on the right caudolateral trunk and was subsequently euthanized. Necropsy revealed a neoplastic mass surrounding a passive integrated transponder at the body wall. Histopathology of the mass was consistent with a sarcoma and was characterized by whorls of fusiform neoplastic cells invading the muscle, adipose, and bone of the coelomic wall. Given its proximity to the transponder and the degree to which it encompassed the device, the sarcoma was inferred to be transponder-associated. However, further conclusions regarding a causal relationship between the transponder implant and the neoplastic mass cannot be drawn based on this single case. This report describes the clinical presentation and pathologic findings for a microchip-associated neoplasia in a reptile.

Feline hematopoietic neoplasms associated with retroviruses pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, especially when they present with atypical morphological features that do not fit conventional classifications. This work describes the first reported case worldwide of atypical chronic myelomonocytic leukemia of eosinophilic lineage in a cat positive for feline leukemia virus, diagnosed through detailed cytomorphological analysis and the use of enzymatic cytochemical stains. The rarity of this case underscores the importance of documenting and studying uncommon presentations, with the goal of expanding clinical knowledge and strengthening diagnostic tools in feline veterinary medicine.

A 15-year-old mixed-breed dog with T-cell lymphoid neoplasia with persistent CD8⁺ lymphocytosis and peripheral lymphadenopathy despite chemotherapy was referred to the Auburn University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Oncology service approximately 7 months after diagnosis. Lymph node aspirates were performed and assessed by a board-certified clinical pathologist, which revealed granulomatous inflammation and intracellular, negative staining bacilli. Bacilli were confirmed Mycobacterium avium and other species within the M. avium complex by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Chemotherapy was ceased and antimicrobial therapy was initiated; however, the lymphocytosis continued to progress, and the dog began to decline, leading to euthanasia around 2 months after referral. Although T-cell lymphoid neoplasia and mycobacteriosis are rare comorbidities, this case highlights the importance of thorough cytological assessment of lymph node aspirates as part of a complete workup to rule out differential causes of lymphadenopathy. This may have allowed for earlier diagnosis and treatment of mycobacteriosis.

A 20-year-old southern ground hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) developed hyperpigmented macules on its gular pouch, resembling the lesions typically seen in humans with pityriasis versicolor. Cytologic examination revealed over 100 budding yeasts per oil immersion field. Fungal culture showed rare growth of smooth, cream-colored yeast colonies, identified by PCR as Malassezia slooffiae. Histopathological analysis showed lymphocytic perivascular dermatitis. Periodic acid-Schiff staining revealed rare forms of yeasts between the layers of the stratum corneum. This clinical report provides further insights into the role of Malassezia spp. in the avian skin microbiome. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of Malassezia sp. as an agent of pityriasis versicolor in birds.

A 14-year-old neutered male mixed-breed dog presented with hemoperitoneum secondary to rupture of a primary hepatic mass. Following stabilization with whole blood transfusion, a hepatic lobectomy was performed. Histopathological examination and CD31 immunolabeling confirmed a diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma. Two weeks postoperatively, multiple intra-abdominal metastases were identified. The multimodal therapeutic approach included one attempted VAC cycle (discontinued due to Grade 4 neutropenia), five cycles of single-agent doxorubicin, and subsequent administration of toceranib with dose reduction for anemia. The dog survived 201 days after diagnosis. Postmortem extended immunohistochemistry demonstrated heterogeneous receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) expression: EGFR and VEGFR positivity, strong membranous HER2 labeling in approximately 60% of tumor cells, low KIT expression, and negative PDGFR. This case underscores the aggressive metastatic nature of primary hepatic hemangiosarcoma following rupture and highlights practical considerations for systemic therapy selection and adverse event monitoring in clinical practice.

This case series reports two independent cases of Exophiala spinifera infection in adult male neutered domestic cats, both referred following misdiagnosis. To date, only six cases associated with this organism have been reported in domestic cats, excluding those described herein. These also represent the first documented cases of E. spinifera infection in cats in the United States. In both cases, a definitive etiologic diagnosis could not be made by cytology, histology, or fungal culture. Moreover, histologic features did not allow for clear classification of the lesions as phaeohyphomycosis or chromoblastomycosis. Ultimately, accurate identification of the fungal pathogen was achieved through molecular diagnostic testing, rather than conventional mycologic or microscopic methods. These cases underscore the importance of molecular diagnostics and inter-institutional collaboration in the accurate identification of dematiaceous fungi, such as E. spinifera, particularly given their variable clinical and pathological presentations.

This case report explains the cause of death of a roloway monkey (Cercopithecus roloway), a critically endangered primate native to the Upper Guinea forests of West Africa, that was kept for captive breeding and conservation at the Accra Zoological Garden's primate breeding center in Ghana. Sweetpea, a "15-year-old" female Roloway monkey, was found dead on September 21, 2018, without prior signs of illness. Gross and histopathological findings revealed acute fibrinous pneumonia, septicemia, and myocardial necrosis, while bacterial culture of lung tissue and thoracic fluid yielded β-hemolytic Streptococcus spp., implicating it as the likely cause of death. Whereas species-level identification was not performed due to resource limitations, isolation of this species in pure culture supports its implication in this case, leaning on the published knowledge of its primary role in bacterial septicemia and pneumonia and other soft tissue infections in monkeys, even in captivity. Roloway monkeys (Cercopithecus roloway) are critically endangered primates native to the Upper Guinea forests of West Africa. This report describes the sudden death of a 15-year-old female at the Accra Zoological Garden and the subsequent diagnostic investigation, which revealed β-hemolytic Streptococcus spp. as the causative agent of acute pneumonia and septicemia. This case underscores the need for structured health monitoring in captive breeding programs and highlights veterinary and husbandry measures crucial to conservation efforts. Additionally, a uterine leiomyosarcoma was detected, which may explain Sweetpea's failure to reproduce despite long-term pairing. This case highlights the importance of surveillance for beta-hemolytic streptococci in captive monkeys, more so the endangered species.

A 6-year-old male intact English Springer Spaniel was presented to the Cardiology Service at Charleston Veterinary Referral Center for evaluation of 2 months' duration of collapsing episodes that had progressed in frequency and severity, decreased appetite, exercise intolerance, and lethargy. On presentation, the dog was depressed and dull, had a "tragic facial expression," and a dry, thin, and brittle haircoat. A gallop sound and Grade II/VI left apical systolic murmur was ausculted with a regular rhythm but subjectively decreased pulse quality bilaterally. An echocardiogram revealed severe dilated cardiomyopathy, and a complete thyroid panel was submitted to corroborate a low total T4 that was detected on referral bloodwork from the day prior. A Holter monitor was placed to evaluate for occult ventricular arrhythmias that could explain the collapse episodes. Upon discharge from the hospital, the patient collapsed and experienced respiratory arrest. CPR was initiated and performed for approximately 2 min until spontaneous breathing occurred. Holter results (21 min in duration) at the time of arrest showed no arrhythmias and a sustained sinus rhythm. The dog was treated with heart failure medications and a loading dose of oral levothyroxine that was titrated on subsequent rechecks to achieve a total T4 within normal limits. Six months following diagnosis, his cardiac measurements had improved significantly, his cardiac medications had been reduced, and he had not experienced any additional respiratory arrest episodes since the day of his diagnosis.

Advances in veterinary diagnostics and treatment have increased awareness of cardiovascular diseases in pet rabbits, with age-related conditions such as valvular disorders becoming more common as these animals live longer. This report describes a seven-year-old male Dutch rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) diagnosed with congestive heart failure caused by both mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. Clinical signs included coarse lung crackles, mild tachycardia, and muffled heart sounds. Blood analysis showed moderate leukocytosis with neutrophilia and monocytosis. Echocardiography revealed enlargement of the left atrium, significant valvular regurgitation, and small fluid accumulations in the pleural and pericardial cavities. Treatment with furosemide and enalapril provided brief improvement over 2 weeks before the rabbit's death. The case highlights valvular regurgitation as a frequent cause of heart failure in aging rabbits and emphasizes the value of early detection and timely therapy in improving outcomes and extending quality of life in affected animals.