Pub Date : 2013-12-27DOI: 10.2174/1877729501305010030
T. Uchiyama, Hirotaka Hamada, T. Degawa
Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a fully-developed turbulent flow in a channel rotating around the span- wise axis is performed. A vortex in cell (VIC) method, of which numerical accuracy was successfully improved by the authors in their prior study, is applied to the DNS. The Reynolds number based on the friction velocity and the channel half width is 171, and the nondimensional rotation number defined with the channel angular velocity and width is 2.1. The simulated turbulence statistics, such as the mean velocity and the Reynolds shear stress, are favorably compared with the existing DNS results. The simulation can analyze the disappearance of the streak structures near the suction-wall due to the channel rotation. It also captures the secondary flow of the Taylor-Gortler vortex pattern near the pressure-wall. These simulation results demonstrate that the VIC method improved by the authors is indeed applicable to the DNS of turbulent flows in rotating channel.
{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Rotating Turbulent Channel Flow by the Vortex in Cell Method","authors":"T. Uchiyama, Hirotaka Hamada, T. Degawa","doi":"10.2174/1877729501305010030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1877729501305010030","url":null,"abstract":"Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a fully-developed turbulent flow in a channel rotating around the span- wise axis is performed. A vortex in cell (VIC) method, of which numerical accuracy was successfully improved by the authors in their prior study, is applied to the DNS. The Reynolds number based on the friction velocity and the channel half width is 171, and the nondimensional rotation number defined with the channel angular velocity and width is 2.1. The simulated turbulence statistics, such as the mean velocity and the Reynolds shear stress, are favorably compared with the existing DNS results. The simulation can analyze the disappearance of the streak structures near the suction-wall due to the channel rotation. It also captures the secondary flow of the Taylor-Gortler vortex pattern near the pressure-wall. These simulation results demonstrate that the VIC method improved by the authors is indeed applicable to the DNS of turbulent flows in rotating channel.","PeriodicalId":373830,"journal":{"name":"The Open Transport Phenomena Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114768972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-08-20DOI: 10.2174/1877729501305010020
C. RamReddy, P. Murthy, Ali J. Chamkha, A. Rashad
The effects of viscous dissipation and magnetic field on free convection heat and mass transfer along a vertical plate embedded in a nanofluid saturated non-Darcy porous medium have been studied. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The nonlinear governing equations and their associated boundary conditions are initially cast into dimensionless form by non-similarity variables. The resulting system of equations is then solved numerically by an accurate implicit finite-difference method. The numerical results are compared and found to be in good agreement with previously published results for a special case of the present investigation. The effect of the physical parameters on the flow, heat transfer and nanoparticle concentration characteristics of the model is presented through graphs and the salient features are discussed.
{"title":"Influence of Viscous Dissipation on Free Convection in a Non-Darcy Porous Medium Saturated with Nanofluid in the Presence of Magnetic Field","authors":"C. RamReddy, P. Murthy, Ali J. Chamkha, A. Rashad","doi":"10.2174/1877729501305010020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1877729501305010020","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of viscous dissipation and magnetic field on free convection heat and mass transfer along a vertical plate embedded in a nanofluid saturated non-Darcy porous medium have been studied. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The nonlinear governing equations and their associated boundary conditions are initially cast into dimensionless form by non-similarity variables. The resulting system of equations is then solved numerically by an accurate implicit finite-difference method. The numerical results are compared and found to be in good agreement with previously published results for a special case of the present investigation. The effect of the physical parameters on the flow, heat transfer and nanoparticle concentration characteristics of the model is presented through graphs and the salient features are discussed.","PeriodicalId":373830,"journal":{"name":"The Open Transport Phenomena Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116808209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-08-07DOI: 10.2174/1877729501305010013
W. Li
A theoretical analysis has been made to explore thermal entrance region heat transfer in nanofluids. The nu- merical model used in this paper is based on the Buongiorno model for convective heat transfer in nanofluids with modi- fications to fully account for the effects of nanoparticles volume fraction distributions on the continuity, momentum and energy equations. Numerical investigations have been conducted for developing laminar forced convection flows in a cir- cular tube subject to a uniform wall heat flux. From the results, it has been concluded that, for certain cases of alumina- water nanofluids and titania-water nanofluids, in most entrance region, anomalous heat transfer enhancement (that ex- ceeding the rate expected from the increase in thermal conductivity) is possible, whereas, close to the edge of the en- trance, no anomalous heat transfer enhancement is observed.
{"title":"A Theoretical Investigation on Thermal Entrance Region Heat Transfer in a Conduit Filled with Nanofluids","authors":"W. Li","doi":"10.2174/1877729501305010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1877729501305010013","url":null,"abstract":"A theoretical analysis has been made to explore thermal entrance region heat transfer in nanofluids. The nu- merical model used in this paper is based on the Buongiorno model for convective heat transfer in nanofluids with modi- fications to fully account for the effects of nanoparticles volume fraction distributions on the continuity, momentum and energy equations. Numerical investigations have been conducted for developing laminar forced convection flows in a cir- cular tube subject to a uniform wall heat flux. From the results, it has been concluded that, for certain cases of alumina- water nanofluids and titania-water nanofluids, in most entrance region, anomalous heat transfer enhancement (that ex- ceeding the rate expected from the increase in thermal conductivity) is possible, whereas, close to the edge of the en- trance, no anomalous heat transfer enhancement is observed.","PeriodicalId":373830,"journal":{"name":"The Open Transport Phenomena Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128195906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-31DOI: 10.2174/1877729501305010001
F. Kuwahara, Y. Fumoto
A three-dimensional numerical model is proposed to determine heat and fluid flow characteristics in metal foams. A series of full three-dimensional numerical calculations was performed to reveal complex three-dimensional ve- locity, pressure and temperature fields within three-dimensional porous structures of the metal foams. These numerical re- sults are processed to obtain the macroscopic characteristics such as the permeability, inertia, dispersion and interstitial heat transfer coefficients. An effective pore diameter concept has been proposed to correlate the resulting heat and fluid flow characteristics with available empirical correlations. In this study, we shall conduct a numerical study on heat and fluid flow in metal foam using a three-dimensional nu- merical model of periodical structure. In order to capture irregularities in real foams, quantities calculated at specific flow angles are ensemble-averaged over the flow angle. A rational way to evaluate the effective pore diameter, which is used as the characteristic length of present three-dimensional numerical model, is proposed. Permeability, Forchheimer coefficient, thermal dispersion and volumetric heat transfer coefficient are determined by spatially averaging micro- scopic numerical results. The validity of the present numeri- cal model and the effective pore diameter are examined by comparing the numerical results with available empirical correlations. Furthermore, an interesting relationship be- tween the thermal dispersion conductivity and the volumet- ric heat transfer coefficient is elucidated.
{"title":"The Effective Pore Diameter of a Three-Dimensional Numerical Model for Estimating Heat and Fluid Flow Characteristics in Metal Foams","authors":"F. Kuwahara, Y. Fumoto","doi":"10.2174/1877729501305010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1877729501305010001","url":null,"abstract":"A three-dimensional numerical model is proposed to determine heat and fluid flow characteristics in metal foams. A series of full three-dimensional numerical calculations was performed to reveal complex three-dimensional ve- locity, pressure and temperature fields within three-dimensional porous structures of the metal foams. These numerical re- sults are processed to obtain the macroscopic characteristics such as the permeability, inertia, dispersion and interstitial heat transfer coefficients. An effective pore diameter concept has been proposed to correlate the resulting heat and fluid flow characteristics with available empirical correlations. In this study, we shall conduct a numerical study on heat and fluid flow in metal foam using a three-dimensional nu- merical model of periodical structure. In order to capture irregularities in real foams, quantities calculated at specific flow angles are ensemble-averaged over the flow angle. A rational way to evaluate the effective pore diameter, which is used as the characteristic length of present three-dimensional numerical model, is proposed. Permeability, Forchheimer coefficient, thermal dispersion and volumetric heat transfer coefficient are determined by spatially averaging micro- scopic numerical results. The validity of the present numeri- cal model and the effective pore diameter are examined by comparing the numerical results with available empirical correlations. Furthermore, an interesting relationship be- tween the thermal dispersion conductivity and the volumet- ric heat transfer coefficient is elucidated.","PeriodicalId":373830,"journal":{"name":"The Open Transport Phenomena Journal","volume":"205 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134162290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-31DOI: 10.2174/1877729501305010007
K. Ando, H. Hirai, Y. Sano
An exhaustive experimental investigation has been carried out for accurate determination of interstitial heat transfer coefficients of ceramic foams in forced convective flows. The single-blow method was used, in which, the fluid temperature varies with time and convective heat transfer becomes time-dependent. The method results in a transient and conjugate heat transfer phenomena between the foam and fluid. These transient temperature data are then compared with the theoretical results to obtain the corresponding interstitial heat transfer coefficients between the fluid and foam solid surface. The interstitial coefficients thus determined are compared against available sets of experimental data, so as to ex- amine the consistency among the reported experimental data.
{"title":"An Accurate Experimental Determination of Interstitial Heat Transfer Coefficients of Ceramic Foams Using the Single Blow Method","authors":"K. Ando, H. Hirai, Y. Sano","doi":"10.2174/1877729501305010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1877729501305010007","url":null,"abstract":"An exhaustive experimental investigation has been carried out for accurate determination of interstitial heat transfer coefficients of ceramic foams in forced convective flows. The single-blow method was used, in which, the fluid temperature varies with time and convective heat transfer becomes time-dependent. The method results in a transient and conjugate heat transfer phenomena between the foam and fluid. These transient temperature data are then compared with the theoretical results to obtain the corresponding interstitial heat transfer coefficients between the fluid and foam solid surface. The interstitial coefficients thus determined are compared against available sets of experimental data, so as to ex- amine the consistency among the reported experimental data.","PeriodicalId":373830,"journal":{"name":"The Open Transport Phenomena Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124079503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-23DOI: 10.2174/1877729501204010001
Y. Fumoto, R. Liu, Y. Sano, X. Huang
A three-dimensional numerical model is proposed to determine the pressure drops in porous media consisting of obstacles of different sizes. A series of full three-dimensional numerical calculations were performed to reveal complex three-dimensional velocity and pressure fields within three-dimensional porous structures consisting of spheres of different sizes. These numerical results are processed to obtain the macroscopic pressure gradients. An effective diameter concept has been proposed to correlate the resulting macroscopic pressure gradients with the Ergun equation. The most appropriate definition of the effective diameter has been found such that it, when substituted in the Ergun formula, gives the most reasonable estimate on the pressure drop for the given porosity and diameter distribution.
{"title":"A Three-Dimensional Numerical Model for Determining the PressureDrops in Porous Media Consisting of Obstacles of Different Sizes","authors":"Y. Fumoto, R. Liu, Y. Sano, X. Huang","doi":"10.2174/1877729501204010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1877729501204010001","url":null,"abstract":"A three-dimensional numerical model is proposed to determine the pressure drops in porous media consisting of obstacles of different sizes. A series of full three-dimensional numerical calculations were performed to reveal complex three-dimensional velocity and pressure fields within three-dimensional porous structures consisting of spheres of different sizes. These numerical results are processed to obtain the macroscopic pressure gradients. An effective diameter concept has been proposed to correlate the resulting macroscopic pressure gradients with the Ergun equation. The most appropriate definition of the effective diameter has been found such that it, when substituted in the Ergun formula, gives the most reasonable estimate on the pressure drop for the given porosity and diameter distribution.","PeriodicalId":373830,"journal":{"name":"The Open Transport Phenomena Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130291186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-26DOI: 10.2174/1877729501103010049
P. Murthy, M. El-Amin
Thermo-diffusion effect on free convection heat and mass transfer from a vertical surface embedded in a liquid saturated thermally stratified non - Darcy porous medium has been analyzed using a local non-similar procedure. The wall temperature and concentration are constant and the medium is linearly stratified in the vertical direction with respect to the thermal conditions. The fluid flow, temperature and concentration fields are affected by the complex interactions among the diffusion ratio Le, buoyancy ratio N, thermo-diffusion parameter S r and stratification parameter e. Non-linear interactions of all these parameters on the convective transport has been analyzed and variation of heat and mass transfer coefficients with thermo-diffusion parameter in the thermally stratified non-Darcy porous media is presented through computer generated plots.
{"title":"Thermo-Diffusion Effect on Free Convection Heat and Mass Transfer in a Thermally Linearly Stratified Non-Darcy Porous Media","authors":"P. Murthy, M. El-Amin","doi":"10.2174/1877729501103010049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1877729501103010049","url":null,"abstract":"Thermo-diffusion effect on free convection heat and mass transfer from a vertical surface embedded in a liquid saturated thermally stratified non - Darcy porous medium has been analyzed using a local non-similar procedure. The wall temperature and concentration are constant and the medium is linearly stratified in the vertical direction with respect to the thermal conditions. The fluid flow, temperature and concentration fields are affected by the complex interactions among the diffusion ratio Le, buoyancy ratio N, thermo-diffusion parameter S r and stratification parameter e. Non-linear interactions of all these parameters on the convective transport has been analyzed and variation of heat and mass transfer coefficients with thermo-diffusion parameter in the thermally stratified non-Darcy porous media is presented through computer generated plots.","PeriodicalId":373830,"journal":{"name":"The Open Transport Phenomena Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127749618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-26DOI: 10.2174/1877729501103010056
E. Khajeh, D. Maijer
The effective permeability of dual-structured porous media has been determined through physical and numerical modeling. Example porous media consisting of a woven network of cylindrical bars overlaid by a network of spherical particles have been produced by a rapid prototyping technique. A glycerin-based solution, held in a pressurized reservoir, was forced through the porous samples. The resulting flow rate and pressure drop across the sample were measured and used to determine the permeability of each sample. Mathematical models, considering the continuity and momentum equations, were also developed for the geometries corresponding to the physical models. The results were compared with the analytical expressions of permeability reported by Khajeh and Maijer, Liu et al., and Carman-Kozeny. The measured permeabilities are in better agreement with the expressions reported by Khajeh and Maijer and Liu et al. than those calculated with the Carman-Kozeny expression.
{"title":"Permeability of Dual-Structured Porous Media","authors":"E. Khajeh, D. Maijer","doi":"10.2174/1877729501103010056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1877729501103010056","url":null,"abstract":"The effective permeability of dual-structured porous media has been determined through physical and numerical modeling. Example porous media consisting of a woven network of cylindrical bars overlaid by a network of spherical particles have been produced by a rapid prototyping technique. A glycerin-based solution, held in a pressurized reservoir, was forced through the porous samples. The resulting flow rate and pressure drop across the sample were measured and used to determine the permeability of each sample. Mathematical models, considering the continuity and momentum equations, were also developed for the geometries corresponding to the physical models. The results were compared with the analytical expressions of permeability reported by Khajeh and Maijer, Liu et al., and Carman-Kozeny. The measured permeabilities are in better agreement with the expressions reported by Khajeh and Maijer and Liu et al. than those calculated with the Carman-Kozeny expression.","PeriodicalId":373830,"journal":{"name":"The Open Transport Phenomena Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129995588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-19DOI: 10.2174/1877729501103010040
Z. Yildirim, G. G. Iliş, M. Mobedi, S. Ülkü
The mass diffusion equation and corresponding initial and boundary conditions were non-dimensionalized for a spherical adsorbent particle in an infinite adsorptive medium to reduce number of independent governing parameters into two as mass transfer Biot number and dimensionless isotherm. The changes in local and average adsorbate concentration throughout the adsorption process were calculated and plotted for different values of mass transfer Biot numbers (ranging from 0.5 to 750) and for five different isotherm shapes. The obtained results indicated that the isotherm shape influences dimensionless period of adsorption, if the external mass transfer resistance is significant in the process. For those cases, the total dimensionless adsorption period for a convex shape isotherm is shorter than a concave one.
{"title":"Effect of Isotherm Shape on Mass Transfer in an Adsorbent Particle; AnIsothermal Adsorption Process","authors":"Z. Yildirim, G. G. Iliş, M. Mobedi, S. Ülkü","doi":"10.2174/1877729501103010040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1877729501103010040","url":null,"abstract":"The mass diffusion equation and corresponding initial and boundary conditions were non-dimensionalized for a spherical adsorbent particle in an infinite adsorptive medium to reduce number of independent governing parameters into two as mass transfer Biot number and dimensionless isotherm. The changes in local and average adsorbate concentration throughout the adsorption process were calculated and plotted for different values of mass transfer Biot numbers (ranging from 0.5 to 750) and for five different isotherm shapes. The obtained results indicated that the isotherm shape influences dimensionless period of adsorption, if the external mass transfer resistance is significant in the process. For those cases, the total dimensionless adsorption period for a convex shape isotherm is shorter than a concave one.","PeriodicalId":373830,"journal":{"name":"The Open Transport Phenomena Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134370689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-29DOI: 10.2174/1877729501103010031
C. Yang, F. Kuwahara, W. Liu, A. Nakayama
In light of a local thermal non-equilibrium model, fully developed forced convection in an annulus filled with a porous medium is treated to elucidate its exact temperature solutions for both fluid and solid phases. In this study, the plug-flow approximation is assumed since Darcian velocity over the cross-section is uniform except in a small region very close to the walls. The inner wall is heated under the constant heat flux condition while the outer wall is subject to the adiabatic boundary condition. The exact solutions based on the present local thermal non-equilibrium model clearly show that the local thermal equilibrium assumption may fail for the case of metal foam and air combination. The approximate solution for the Nusselt number, which is in accord with the corresponding exact solution, has also been presented for possible engineering applications.
{"title":"Thermal Non-Equilibrium Forced Convective Flow in an Annulus Filled with a Porous Medium","authors":"C. Yang, F. Kuwahara, W. Liu, A. Nakayama","doi":"10.2174/1877729501103010031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1877729501103010031","url":null,"abstract":"In light of a local thermal non-equilibrium model, fully developed forced convection in an annulus filled with a porous medium is treated to elucidate its exact temperature solutions for both fluid and solid phases. In this study, the plug-flow approximation is assumed since Darcian velocity over the cross-section is uniform except in a small region very close to the walls. The inner wall is heated under the constant heat flux condition while the outer wall is subject to the adiabatic boundary condition. The exact solutions based on the present local thermal non-equilibrium model clearly show that the local thermal equilibrium assumption may fail for the case of metal foam and air combination. The approximate solution for the Nusselt number, which is in accord with the corresponding exact solution, has also been presented for possible engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":373830,"journal":{"name":"The Open Transport Phenomena Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128863755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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