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An example of examining the effect of tunnels on each other in large diameter double tube tunnels excavated in weak soils with 3D numerical analysis, Evaluation of Bolu Tunnel support systems 以软弱土中开挖的大直径双管隧道为例,采用三维数值分析方法研究隧道间的相互影响,对博鲁隧道支护体系进行了评价
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.30797/madencilik.1054714
E. B. Aygar
Bolu Tunnel is located on the Ankara-Istanbul Highway projects which work started in 1993 and was opened to traffic in 2007. It was built as a 3-lane double tunnel. The tunnel lengths of the right tunnel are 2788 m and the left tunnel is 2954 m respectively. During the construction of the Bolu Tunnel, it was exposed to 2 earthquakes, and the Elmalık section of the tunnel, located at the entrance of Ankara, collapsed after the 12 November 1999 Düzce Earthquake. After this collapse, the tunnel route was changed. The Bolu Tunnel geologically passes through the tectonic block between the North Anatolian Fault Line mainline and the Düzce Fault. While the Istanbul side of the tunnel (Asarsuyu entrance) is located within the metacrystalline basement rocks, the Ankara side (Elmalık entrance) is located within the sedimentary rocks. These two units of the tunnel are cut by the Bakacak fault. At the entrance of Elmalık, where the biggest problems occurred during the excavation phase of the tunnel is located Elmalık fault.In this sectipn deformations of up to 1.2 m.. In addition, during the fault crossing of the Elmalık right tunnel, a collapse occurred in 1996, and in the 12 November 1999 Düzce Earthquake, the Elmalık left tunnel was completely closed. The problems experienced and the support systems developed in the Bolu Tunnels, which were designed with the New Austrian Tunneling Method, contain very valuable information in terms of tunneling. Within the scope of this study, Bolu Tunnel support systems were examined in 3D with the Flac3d program, the effect of the two tunnels on each other, the deformation changes in the top heading, bench and invert excavations were revealed.
博卢隧道位于安卡拉-伊斯坦布尔公路项目上,该项目始于1993年,于2007年通车。它是一条三车道的双隧道。右侧隧道长度为2788m,左侧隧道长度为2954m。在博卢隧道施工期间,它遭受了两次地震,位于安卡拉入口处的Elmalık段隧道在1999年11月12日的Düzce地震后坍塌。坍塌后,隧道路线发生了变化。博卢隧道在地质上穿过北安那托利亚断层线主线和Düzce断层之间的构造块体。隧道的伊斯坦布尔一侧(Asarsuyu入口)位于变晶基岩内,安卡拉一侧(Elmalık入口)位于沉积岩内。这两个隧道单元被Bakakak断层切割。在Elmalık的入口处,隧道开挖阶段出现的最大问题位于Elmalşk断层。此外,在Elmalık右隧道断层穿越期间,1996年发生坍塌,1999年11月12日的Düzce地震中,Elmalşk左隧道完全关闭。采用新奥法设计的博鲁隧道所遇到的问题和所开发的支护系统包含了非常有价值的隧道信息。在本研究范围内,使用Flac3d程序对博卢隧道支护系统进行了三维检查,揭示了两条隧道相互作用的影响,以及顶部导坑、台阶和仰拱开挖的变形变化。
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引用次数: 0
Divriği A-Kafa ve Ekinbaşı yeraltı demir ocaklarında uygulanmakta olan üretim yönteminin ve rezerv kaybının değerlendirilmesi 地下铁点A水头及等效水头的生产方法及备用损失评估
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.30797/madencilik.1085138
Atilla Ceylanoğlu, B. Erdem, Bahadır Şengün, Aydın Karatepe, M. Yayla
Bu çalışmada, Divriği A-Kafa ve Ekinbaşı yeraltı demir ocaklarında uygulanmakta olan üretim yöntemi ve rezerv kaybı değerlendirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda yeraltı ocaklarında yerinde ölçüm, gözlem ve incelemeler yapılmıştır. Gerek arazi çalışma sonuçları gerekse konu ile ilgili literatür birlikte değerlendirilmiş ve uygulanmakta olan arakatlı göçertme yöntemi seçiminin isabetli ve doğru olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca A-Kafa ve Ekinbaşı yeraltı ocaklarında sırasıyla rezerv kaybı %5,97 ve %8,20 olarak belirlenmiş ve bu değerlerin kabul edilebilir sınırın altında olduğu görülmüştür.
在本研究中,评估了A水头和等效地下铁场所的墙体生产方法和储量损失。在这一地区,在地面底部进行了测量、监视和监视。在可验证和正确选择经评估的临时迁移方法和应用文献方面,实地研究已经取得了必要的结果。此外,在a-Kafa和Ekinbah郊区发现了5.97%和8.20%的储量损失,这些值可以在可能的极限值的底部接受。
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引用次数: 0
Pomzadan alümina üretiminin hidrometalurjik yöntemlerle araştırılması 用氢化乙烯生产粉末铝的检验
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.30797/madencilik.1061751
Muhammed Kürşat Aydemi̇r, Murat Erdemoglu
Kayseri’den sağlanan, pomzadan hidrometalurjik yöntemlerle alümina üretimi araştırılmıştır. Başlıca %64,64 SiO2 ve %14,85 Al2O3 içeren pomza örneği su, HCl, H2SO4 ve HNO3 çözeltileriyle liç edilmiş ve alüminyum hiçbir ortamda kazanılamamıştır. Mekanik olarak aktifleştirilmesi amacıyla pomza 2-60 dk aralığında değişik sürelerde gezegensel bilyalı değirmende aşırı öğütülmüştür. Aşırı öğütülmüş pomza örnekleri özdeş koşullarda değişik asit çözeltilerinde liç edilmiş ve 60 dk aşırı öğütülmüş pomza örneğinin HCl çözeltisinde liçi sonucunda alüminyumun %66,40’sı asidik sulu çözeltide kazanılmıştır. . Alüminyum kazanımını arttırmak amacıyla, süre, asit derişimi ve sıcaklık değişkenlerinin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Böylece, 4 M HCl çözeltisinde, kaynama sıcaklığında ve 24 saatte yapılan liç işlemiyle alüminyum kazanımı %91,37’ye yükselmiştir. Bu yüklü liç çözeltisinden evaporasyon yöntemiyle AlCl3 tuzu çöktürülmüş ve bu tuz 1200 °C’de 3 saat kavrularak, %62,87 Al2O3 içerikli bir pomza alüminası ilk kez üretilmiştir. Üretilen pomza alüminasında sodyum ve potasyum içerikleri düşük ancak demir ve kalsiyum içerikleri ise çok yüksektir. Sonuç olarak, pomzadan alümina üretimi amacıyla mekanik aktivasyon, asit liçi, çözelti saflaştırma, çöktürme ve kavurma işlemlerini içeren temel bir akım şeması önerilmiştir.
铝的生产已在Kayseri公司提供的湿法甲基中进行了研究。一开始,64.64%的SiO2和14.85%的Al2O3等离子体样品与水、HCl、H2SO4和HNO3溶液缔合,在任何环境中都没有获得铝。为了机械启动,强烈建议在全球科学变化2至60分钟期间使用泵。Aşırığütülmüşpomzaörnekleriözdeşkoşullarda değişik asitçözeltilerinde liçedilmişve 60 dk Aşrı。为了提高铝的利润,研究了时间、酸断裂和热变化对铝的影响。因此,在4M HCl溶液中,体积温度和24小时内铝的体积增加了91.37%。AlCl3盐已被该负载的液体溶液蒸发,并且首次在1200°C下发现该盐,泵送铝中含有62.87 Al2O3。生产的钾铝中钠和钾含量较低,但铁和钙含量很高。因此,提出将机械活化、酸性液体、溶解性、降解和降解作为生产等离子铝的液体活性的核心流。
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引用次数: 0
The System of Pneumatic Pre-Stressed Timber Crib Applied In TTK 气动预应力木槽系统在TTK中的应用
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-03-07 DOI: 10.30797/madencilik.991741
Esma Hacer Evkaya, Erdoğan Kaymakçi
Bu çalışmada Türkiye Taşkömürü Kurumu (TTK)’da ahşap domuzdamı sistemine alternatif olarak geliştirilen ve 2007 yılında kullanılmaya başlanan Ön Gerilmeli Ahşap Domuzdamı (ÖGADD) sistemi incelenmiştir. Yeni bir domuzdamı tasarımı ve ayak içi tahkimatı olan bu sistem 2007 yılında “Mehmet Kemal Dedeman Araştırma ve Geliştirme Proje Yarışması”nda ödül almıştır. Sistemin irdelenmesi amacıyla yapılan kişisel görüşmeler ve yerinde yapılan inceleme ve gözlemler ışığında; domuzdamlarının söküm aşamalarının ahşap tahkimat sisteme göre daha kısa sürede gerçekleştirildiği, tavan ve taban taşlarının sağlam olması ve ayrıca ayak ilerleme hızının yüksek olması koşuluyla sistemin istenilen performansı sağlayacağı sonucuna varılmıştır. Sistemin en önemli parçası olan hava yastıklarında karşılaşılan sorunlar ve yeraltında seçilen bir ayakta domuzdamlarına gelen yükler incelenmiştir. Ayrıca sistemin bir diğer elemanı olan hazır ahşap domuzdamı malzemeleri hakkında incelemeler yapılmıştır.
在这项研究中,前Gerilmeli-Ahshap-Domuzdam(ÖGADD)系统是土耳其斯德哥尔摩研究所(TTK)开发的森林大坝系统的替代方案。2007年,该系统采用了新的清管器设计和足部攻击,获得了Mehmet Kemal Dedeman研发项目竞赛的奖项。根据为系统崩溃而进行的个人访谈、现场调查和观察;根据基于森林的投影系统,清管器的浅台阶提高了系统所需的性能,确保了天花板和岩石的安全,并且进度很快。已经对系统最重要部分的气垫床中遇到的问题进行了调查,并在地面上选择了脚上的清管器负载。此外,系统中还有其他特工准备调查食品和猪肉供应。
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引用次数: 0
Gaining Critical Raw Materials to Circular Economy by Recycling 循环利用获得循环经济的关键原材料
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-02-22 DOI: 10.30797/madencilik.982123
A. Akcil, Ceren ERÜST ÜNAL, Mediha Demet Okudan
Endüstri 4.0 devrimi ve Nesnelerin İnterneti (IoT) gibi teknolojilerle dijitalleşme, kaynaklarımızın ve ekonomilerimizin döngüsel olmasını gerektirmektedir. Başta Avrupa Birliği olmak üzere tüm ülkeler, kritik hammaddelerin sorumlu tüketiminin, üretiminin ve geri dönüşümünün sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerine ulaşmanın bir yolu olarak çok önemli olduğu konusunda hemfikirdir. Ömrünü tamamlamış ürünlerden kritik hammaddelerin geri kazanılması için uygun maliyetli bir geri dönüşüm yöntemi, madencilikten çok daha az çevresel etkiye sahiptir. Biyo & hidrometalurjik yöntemler, kritik hammaddelerin, özellikle nadir toprak elementlerinin (NTE) çıkarılması için hızlı gelişen, seçici, çevre dostu ve uygun maliyetli teknolojilerdir. Bu makale, ikincil kaynaklara genel bir bakış sağlamakta ve kritik hammaddelerin kazanımı için ekonomik bir yol olarak hizmet edebilecek bazı umut verici yöntemlerin kullanımına ilişkin yürütülen çalışmaların senaryosunu özetlemektedir.
工业革命4.0等技术和互联网(IoT)等物体需要数字化,我们的资源和经济也需要数字化。首先,所有国家都同意,负责任地消费、生产和返还关键成分是实现增长目标的一种方式。一种成本效益高的关键成分从成品中恢复生命的方法比采矿对环境的影响更小。生物识别方法、关键成分,特别是稀土元素(NTE),都得到了快速发展、筛选、环保友好和成本合适的技术。这篇文章强调了与使用给予希望的方法有关的工作场景,这些方法可以作为关键要素成功的经济途径。
{"title":"Gaining Critical Raw Materials to Circular Economy by Recycling","authors":"A. Akcil, Ceren ERÜST ÜNAL, Mediha Demet Okudan","doi":"10.30797/madencilik.982123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.982123","url":null,"abstract":"Endüstri 4.0 devrimi ve Nesnelerin İnterneti (IoT) gibi teknolojilerle dijitalleşme, kaynaklarımızın ve ekonomilerimizin döngüsel olmasını gerektirmektedir. Başta Avrupa Birliği olmak üzere tüm ülkeler, kritik hammaddelerin sorumlu tüketiminin, üretiminin ve geri dönüşümünün sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerine ulaşmanın bir yolu olarak çok önemli olduğu konusunda hemfikirdir. Ömrünü tamamlamış ürünlerden kritik hammaddelerin geri kazanılması için uygun maliyetli bir geri dönüşüm yöntemi, madencilikten çok daha az çevresel etkiye sahiptir. Biyo & hidrometalurjik yöntemler, kritik hammaddelerin, özellikle nadir toprak elementlerinin (NTE) çıkarılması için hızlı gelişen, seçici, çevre dostu ve uygun maliyetli teknolojilerdir. Bu makale, ikincil kaynaklara genel bir bakış sağlamakta ve kritik hammaddelerin kazanımı için ekonomik bir yol olarak hizmet edebilecek bazı umut verici yöntemlerin kullanımına ilişkin yürütülen çalışmaların senaryosunu özetlemektedir.","PeriodicalId":37481,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Mining Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45814724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Uzak Kuzeydeki Plaser Mevduatlarının Tarama Teknolojisi 北方远程砂矿能力的扫描技术
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-02-22 DOI: 10.30797/madencilik.1025658
Ravil Zinnurovich Nafi̇kov, Victor Evgenievich Ki̇slyakov, Aleksandr Konstantinovich Ki̇rsanov, Ekaterina Vasilevna Shevni̇na, Anastasiya Olegovna Ivanchuk, Pavel Viktorovich Katyshev, Umardzhon Riezidinovich Teshaev
The authors consider the problem of reducing the dredge performance when operating at subzero air temperatures. This problem is particularly relevant for deposits located in the Far North, where the dredging season is limited by climatic conditions. During the period of subzero air temperatures dredge performance decreases significantly due to the icing of dredge structure. In consequence, dredging operations are terminated until the occurrence of favorable conditions for work. In this regard, the authors propose a method for isolating the open-pit mine with a hangar made of contemporary construction materials. Cellular polycarbonate, which has several advantages, was chosen as the most promising material for insulating dredging works. The article offers the technical and technological solutions for the proposed method of extending the dredging season. The costs of a dredge hangar for dredges of different sizes and the annual cost of its movement are calculated. A method has been developed for determining the optimal maneuvering angle of the dredge and the width of the single face, whose values depend on the type of dredge and the gold content in the sand. The areas of dredge hangars are determined by the graphical-analytic method. The article presents an example of the air temperature dynamics in a dredge hangar during the year, as well as determines the duration of the mining season.
作者考虑了在零度以下空气温度下操作时降低挖泥船性能的问题。这个问题与位于极北地区的沉积物特别相关,那里的疏浚季节受到气候条件的限制。在零度以下的空气温度期间,由于挖泥船结构结冰,挖泥船性能显著下降。因此,疏浚作业将终止,直到出现有利的作业条件。在这方面,作者提出了一种用当代建筑材料制成的机库隔离露天矿的方法。多孔聚碳酸酯具有多种优点,被选为最有前途的绝缘疏浚材料。本文对延长疏浚季节的建议方法提出了技术和技术解决方案。计算了不同尺寸挖泥船的疏浚机库成本及其每年移动成本。开发了一种确定挖泥船最佳操纵角和单面宽度的方法,其值取决于挖泥船的类型和沙子中的黄金含量。疏浚机库面积的确定采用图解分析法。本文介绍了一个疏浚机库一年中气温动态的例子,并确定了采矿季节的持续时间。
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引用次数: 0
Turbulence models and simulation method in the CFD simulation of 75-mm hydrocyclone 75-mm旋流器CFD仿真中的湍流模型及仿真方法
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-02-10 DOI: 10.30797/madencilik.971842
S. Kang, Kwang Chol Ki̇m, Sokchol Ryom, J. Ri
In this paper, an effective method for the classification process simulation in 75¬mm hydrocyclone is considered. The simulation results and computational time are compared using Reynolds stress model (RSM) and different large eddy simulation (LES) subgrid-scale models as turbulence models, and the volume of fluid model (VOF) as a multiphase model. The Lagrangian discrete phase model (DPM) is used to simulate the classification process of particles. As the experimental result for comparison of simulation results, Hsieh's experimental data are used. When the different LES subgrid-scale models are used, the solution converges stably by various solution convergence methods without increasing the grid numbers or reducing the size of time steps than RSM model. As a result, it is confirmed that when an appropriate simulation method is applied with the LES-WMLES S-Omega model, more accurate axial water flow velocity distribution and particle classification simulation results can be obtained at a computational cost similar to that of using the RSM model.
本文考虑了一种有效的75毫米水力旋流器分级过程模拟方法。将雷诺应力模型(RSM)和不同的大涡模拟(LES)子网格尺度模型作为湍流模型,将流体体积模型(VOF)作为多相模型,比较了模拟结果和计算时间。采用拉格朗日离散相模型(DPM)模拟粒子的分类过程。作为实验结果与仿真结果的比较,采用了谢长廷的实验数据。当使用不同的LES子网格尺度模型时,与RSM模型相比,在不增加网格数或减少时间步长的情况下,通过各种解收敛方法,解稳定收敛。结果证实,当LES-WMLES S-Omega模型应用适当的模拟方法时,可以以与使用RSM模型类似的计算成本获得更精确的轴向水流速度分布和颗粒分类模拟结果。
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引用次数: 2
Mermer tozunun kompozit plaka üretiminde kullanımı: Mermer tozu içeren dolgu karışımının kavurma koşulları ile plaka fiziksel özellikleri arasındaki ilişki Mermer粉尘复合板生产中的应用:吸附条件与Mermer粉尘物理性能的关系
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-24 DOI: 10.30797/madencilik.1016702
Sedanur Baş, Taki Güler, Selçuk Aktürk
Marble dust generated during slab cutting as reject causes significant environmental problems due to increased reactive surface area. It has closer size distribution with micronized quartz filler used in composite slab. Owing to its high hardness, micronized quartz production is an energy intensive process. This study was conducted to investigate the applicability of marble dust in composite slab production together with micronized quartz as filler. The filler mixture was roasted to mitigate drawback arising from low hardness of marble dust. XRD characterization revealed that phases in roasted filler were wollastonite, larnite, calcio olivine, quicklime and free quartz depending on the roasting temperature and time. Physical tests were applied to clarify the effect of sinter phases on slab properties. Physical properties were determined to retrogress as the roasting temperature increased to 1100°C possibly due to rate of free lime in roasted filler, and then improved again reaching peak point at 1200°C. They ameliorated by increasing roasting time at 1200°C. Larnite and quartz were determined to be effective on improved physical properties than wollastonite and calcio olivine.
在板材切割过程中产生的大理石粉尘作为废料,由于增加了反应表面积,造成了严重的环境问题。微粉石英填料在复合板坯中的粒径分布更接近。由于其高硬度,微晶石英的生产是一个能源密集型的过程。研究了大理石粉与石英粉作为填料在复合板坯生产中的适用性。填料混合物经过焙烧,以减轻大理石粉尘硬度低带来的缺点。XRD表征表明,不同焙烧温度和焙烧时间下,焙烧填料中的物相分别为硅灰石、钙石、橄榄石、生石灰和游离石英。通过物理试验阐明了烧结相对板坯性能的影响。当焙烧温度升高至1100℃时,其物理性能可能与焙烧填料中游离石灰的含量有关,出现退步,但在1200℃时达到峰值,物理性能又有所改善。在1200°C时,延长焙烧时间,使其得到改善。与硅灰石和钙橄榄石相比,Larnite和石英在改善物理性能方面更有效。
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引用次数: 1
Vessel nozzle parameter effects analysis on the ore transportation concentration for deep-sea mining 深海采矿船喷嘴参数对矿石运输浓度的影响分析
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-04 DOI: 10.30797/madencilik.992728
Yi Zeng, Hailiang Xu, Bo Wu
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引用次数: 0
Recovery of lithium from ores and brines 从矿石和卤水中回收锂
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-01-04 DOI: 10.30797/madencilik.1010286
O. Celep, E. Y. Yazici, H. Deveci
Due to its different properties (low electrode potential and specific heat capacity), lithium is widely used in many industries (battery, ceramic and glass industry, lubricating greases, polymer, metallurgy, air treatment). In recent years, due to the developing technology, the demand for lithium has increased with its use in new fields (electric vehicles, grid storage). Therefore, lithium has been included in the critical raw materials list by the European Union Commission. Lithium production is mostly carried out from brines and ores (i.e. such as spodumen, lepidolite, zinvaldite, ambligonite, pedalite). Also, in resent years, it is produced from secondary sources such as lithium ion batteries. Lithium recovery from ores or concentrates such as spodumen is commonly accomplished by the sulfuric acid/roasting process. In this study, the importance of lithium as a critical raw material, resource potential of lithium in the world and Turkey, and industrial processes for production of lithium from ores/brines are reviewed in detail. Previous studies on the recovery of lithium from ores and brines are discussed. In addition, process flowsheets of various industrial plants for the recovery of lityum in the world are presented.
由于其不同的性质(低电极电位和比热容),锂被广泛应用于许多行业(电池、陶瓷和玻璃行业、润滑脂、聚合物、冶金、空气处理)。近年来,由于技术的发展,对锂的需求随着其在新领域(电动汽车、电网存储)的使用而增加。因此,锂已被欧盟委员会列入关键原材料清单。锂的生产主要来自卤水和矿石(如锂辉石、锂云母、锌钒石、安锂云母、踏板石)。此外,近年来,它是由锂离子电池等二次来源生产的。从矿石或精矿(如锂辉石)中回收锂通常通过硫酸/焙烧工艺完成。在本研究中,详细回顾了锂作为关键原材料的重要性、锂在世界和土耳其的资源潜力,以及从矿石/盐水生产锂的工业工艺。对以往从矿石和卤水中回收锂的研究进行了讨论。此外,还介绍了世界上回收百胜的各种工业装置的工艺流程。
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引用次数: 0
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Scientific Mining Journal
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