This editorial article introduces a renaming of journal Exosomes and Microvesicles (EXMV) to the Journal of Circulating Biomarkers with a new editorial scope, mission and our approach for the upcoming year in relation to engaging at the international level, the translational art of the study of exosomes and microvesicles, and the interface between exosomes and microvesicles, circulating tumor cells, cell-free circulating DNA and circulating protein markers in precision medicine and drug development. There is a slight change in the members of the Editors in Chief, Editorial Board and extending collaborations to international societies, such as the American Society for Exosomes and Microvesicles (ASEMV).
{"title":"New Year, New Name and New Milestones Scope — Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","authors":"S. Jia, W. Kuo","doi":"10.5772/58638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/58638","url":null,"abstract":"This editorial article introduces a renaming of journal Exosomes and Microvesicles (EXMV) to the Journal of Circulating Biomarkers with a new editorial scope, mission and our approach for the upcoming year in relation to engaging at the international level, the translational art of the study of exosomes and microvesicles, and the interface between exosomes and microvesicles, circulating tumor cells, cell-free circulating DNA and circulating protein markers in precision medicine and drug development. There is a slight change in the members of the Editors in Chief, Editorial Board and extending collaborations to international societies, such as the American Society for Exosomes and Microvesicles (ASEMV).","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/58638","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70973804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: To evaluate the relevance of endothelial-derived apoptotic microparticles (EMPs) with inflammatory cytokine outcomes in patients with ischaemic chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: A total of 154 patients with moderate-to-severe CHF were enrolled in the study. Flow cytometry analysis was used for quantifying the number of EMPs. All-cause mortality, CHF-related death, and CHD-readmission rates were examined. Results: During a median follow-up of 2.18 years, 21 participants died and 106 subjects were hospitalized repetitively. Medians of circulating EMPs in survivor and non-survivor patient cohorts were 0.286 n/mL (95% CI = 0.271–0.309 n/mL) and 0.673 n/mL (95% CI = 0.65–0.74 n/mL) (P<0.001). There was a significantly lower concentration of sRANKL, OPG, TNF-alpha, sFAS, and sFAS ligand in the survivor patients when compared with those who met composed endpoints. The sFAS/sFAS ligand ratio in the non-survivor patient cohort was significantly higher than in the survivor cohort (P<0.001). In multivariate model EPMs, NYHA class, NT-pro-BNP, TNF-alpha, sFAS/sFAS ligand ratio, and OPG remained statistically significant for the cumulative endpoint: all-cause mortality, CHF-related death, and CHF-related readmission. Conclusion: Increased apoptotic circulating EMPs, OPG, and FAS-sFAS ligand ratio independently predicted cumulative survival in CHF patients.
目的:评价缺血性慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者内皮源性凋亡微粒(EMPs)与炎症细胞因子预后的相关性。方法:共纳入154例中重度CHF患者。流式细胞术定量emp的数量。检查全因死亡率、冠心病相关死亡率和冠心病再入院率。结果:在中位随访2.18年期间，21名受试者死亡，106名受试者重复住院。幸存者和非幸存者患者队列的循环EMPs中位数分别为0.286 n/mL (95% CI = 0.271-0.309 n/mL)和0.673 n/mL (95% CI = 0.65-0.74 n/mL) (P<0.001)。与满足组成终点的患者相比，存活患者的sRANKL、OPG、tnf - α、sFAS和sFAS配体浓度显著降低。非存活患者队列中sFAS/sFAS配体比例显著高于存活患者队列(P<0.001)。在多变量模型epm中，NYHA分类、nt - probnp、tnf - α、sFAS/sFAS配体比例和OPG在累积终点:全因死亡率、chf相关死亡和chf相关再入院方面仍具有统计学意义。结论:增加的凋亡循环emp、OPG和FAS-sFAS配体比例独立预测CHF患者的累积生存。
{"title":"Apoptotic Microparticles as Predicted Biomarkers in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure — Relevance to Inflammatory Cytokines and Outcomes","authors":"A. Berezin, A. Kremzer, Yulia V. Martovitskaya","doi":"10.5772/60062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/60062","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the relevance of endothelial-derived apoptotic microparticles (EMPs) with inflammatory cytokine outcomes in patients with ischaemic chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: A total of 154 patients with moderate-to-severe CHF were enrolled in the study. Flow cytometry analysis was used for quantifying the number of EMPs. All-cause mortality, CHF-related death, and CHD-readmission rates were examined. Results: During a median follow-up of 2.18 years, 21 participants died and 106 subjects were hospitalized repetitively. Medians of circulating EMPs in survivor and non-survivor patient cohorts were 0.286 n/mL (95% CI = 0.271–0.309 n/mL) and 0.673 n/mL (95% CI = 0.65–0.74 n/mL) (P<0.001). There was a significantly lower concentration of sRANKL, OPG, TNF-alpha, sFAS, and sFAS ligand in the survivor patients when compared with those who met composed endpoints. The sFAS/sFAS ligand ratio in the non-survivor patient cohort was significantly higher than in the survivor cohort (P<0.001). In multivariate model EPMs, NYHA class, NT-pro-BNP, TNF-alpha, sFAS/sFAS ligand ratio, and OPG remained statistically significant for the cumulative endpoint: all-cause mortality, CHF-related death, and CHF-related readmission. Conclusion: Increased apoptotic circulating EMPs, OPG, and FAS-sFAS ligand ratio independently predicted cumulative survival in CHF patients.","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/60062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70980021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
“I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plains, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all the flesh shall see it together. This is our hope…” (Martin Luther King, Washington D.C., August 28, 1963)
{"title":"“I Have a Dream”","authors":"S. Fais","doi":"10.5772/58709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/58709","url":null,"abstract":"“I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plains, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all the flesh shall see it together. This is our hope…” (Martin Luther King, Washington D.C., August 28, 1963)","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/58709","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70974930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microvesicles (MVs) are cell-derived vesicles which are of interest in a clinical setting, as they may be predictive of early signs of disease and/or of treatment progression. However, there are growing concerns about using conventional flow cytometry (cFMC) for the detection and quantification of microvesicles. These concerns range from error-sources in collection through to the physical limitations of detection. Here we present a standardized method for collection and analysis which shows that the MV numbers detected by cFCM correlate to donor Body Mass Index (BMI). Although unlikely to be comprehensive, we also demonstrate how cFCM is a useful and valid tool in the analysis of MVs.
{"title":"Protocol Standardization Reveals MV Correlation to Healthy Donor BMI","authors":"P. Hexley, K. Rismiller, C. Robinson, G. Babcock","doi":"10.5772/58527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/58527","url":null,"abstract":"Microvesicles (MVs) are cell-derived vesicles which are of interest in a clinical setting, as they may be predictive of early signs of disease and/or of treatment progression. However, there are growing concerns about using conventional flow cytometry (cFMC) for the detection and quantification of microvesicles. These concerns range from error-sources in collection through to the physical limitations of detection. Here we present a standardized method for collection and analysis which shows that the MV numbers detected by cFCM correlate to donor Body Mass Index (BMI). Although unlikely to be comprehensive, we also demonstrate how cFCM is a useful and valid tool in the analysis of MVs.","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/58527","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70972114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Vishnubhatla, R. Corteling, Lara Stevanato, C. Hicks, J. Sinden
A successful strategy in regenerative medicine over the last decade has been the translation of stem cell therapy to repair diseased or damaged tissue in a wide range of indications, despite limited evidence attributing any therapeutic benefit to cell survival or differentiation. Recent findings, however, have demonstrated that the conditioned media from stem cell cultures can produce similar efficacious effects compared to those observed for cells. This has led to the stem cell paracrine hypothesis, proposing that secreted factors released from the stem cells contribute significantly to their beneficial effects. It has been well documented that stem cells have the ability to release a range of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines relevant to their function; however, these factors are released at levels too low to account for the reported therapeutic effects. Further purification of the conditioned media has since identified that not only are small molecules released by the stem cells, but so too are a large quantity of membrane-bound vesicles, including exosomes, in a functionally relevant manner. In this review, we present our current understanding and explore the evidence supporting the development of stem cell-derived exosomes as a cell-free regenerative medicine.
{"title":"The Development of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as a Cell-Free Regenerative Medicine","authors":"I. Vishnubhatla, R. Corteling, Lara Stevanato, C. Hicks, J. Sinden","doi":"10.5772/58597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/58597","url":null,"abstract":"A successful strategy in regenerative medicine over the last decade has been the translation of stem cell therapy to repair diseased or damaged tissue in a wide range of indications, despite limited evidence attributing any therapeutic benefit to cell survival or differentiation. Recent findings, however, have demonstrated that the conditioned media from stem cell cultures can produce similar efficacious effects compared to those observed for cells. This has led to the stem cell paracrine hypothesis, proposing that secreted factors released from the stem cells contribute significantly to their beneficial effects. It has been well documented that stem cells have the ability to release a range of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines relevant to their function; however, these factors are released at levels too low to account for the reported therapeutic effects. Further purification of the conditioned media has since identified that not only are small molecules released by the stem cells, but so too are a large quantity of membrane-bound vesicles, including exosomes, in a functionally relevant manner. In this review, we present our current understanding and explore the evidence supporting the development of stem cell-derived exosomes as a cell-free regenerative medicine.","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/58597","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70973738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Balaj, F. Momen-Heravi, Weilin Chen, S. Sivaraman, Xuan Zhang, N. Ludwig, E. Meese, T. Wurdinger, D. Noske, A. Charest, F. Hochberg, P. Vandertop, J. Skog, W. Kuo
Essentially, all cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that end up in biofluids, including blood, and the contents of these EVs can provide a window into the status of the cells from which they are released. This is particularly interesting in cancer, since these EVs allow for ‘ex-vivo’ analysis of the properties of the tumours without the need for biopsy. Gene mutations, rearrangements, amplifications, and epigenetic changes in the transcriptome can be monitored in circulating EVs. In this study, we used two human tumour cell lines derived from an epidermoid carcinoma and a medulloblastoma, which had amplification for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-Myc genes, respectively. Cells were implanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice, and levels of gene amplification in both groups of subcutaneous tumours were quantified. We then determined if elevated levels of transcripts for the human EGFR and c-Myc were represented in circulating EVs in tumour-bearing mice. The expression levels of both human EGFR (h-EGFR) and human c-Myc (h-c-Myc) mRNAs in circulating EVs correlated well with their amplified status in the tumours. This data provides further support to the idea that circulating EVs are a potential platform for tumour biomarkers.
{"title":"Detection of Human c-Myc and EGFR Amplifications in Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Mouse Tumour Models","authors":"L. Balaj, F. Momen-Heravi, Weilin Chen, S. Sivaraman, Xuan Zhang, N. Ludwig, E. Meese, T. Wurdinger, D. Noske, A. Charest, F. Hochberg, P. Vandertop, J. Skog, W. Kuo","doi":"10.5772/59174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/59174","url":null,"abstract":"Essentially, all cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that end up in biofluids, including blood, and the contents of these EVs can provide a window into the status of the cells from which they are released. This is particularly interesting in cancer, since these EVs allow for ‘ex-vivo’ analysis of the properties of the tumours without the need for biopsy. Gene mutations, rearrangements, amplifications, and epigenetic changes in the transcriptome can be monitored in circulating EVs. In this study, we used two human tumour cell lines derived from an epidermoid carcinoma and a medulloblastoma, which had amplification for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-Myc genes, respectively. Cells were implanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice, and levels of gene amplification in both groups of subcutaneous tumours were quantified. We then determined if elevated levels of transcripts for the human EGFR and c-Myc were represented in circulating EVs in tumour-bearing mice. The expression levels of both human EGFR (h-EGFR) and human c-Myc (h-c-Myc) mRNAs in circulating EVs correlated well with their amplified status in the tumours. This data provides further support to the idea that circulating EVs are a potential platform for tumour biomarkers.","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Lötvall, J. Skog, A. Vlassov, A. Sacido, E. Rohde, J. Gere, W. Kuo
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, carry a variety of bio-macromolecules, including mRNA, microRNA, other non-coding RNAs, proteins and lipids. EVs have emerged as a promising, minimally invasive (liquid biopsies) and novel source of material for molecular diagnostics, and may provide a surrogate to tissue biopsy-based biomarkers for a variety of diseases. Although EVs can be easily identified and collected from biological fluids using commercial kits, further research and proper validation is needed in order for them to be useful in the clinical setting. Currently, several EV-based research and diagnostic companies have developed research-based kits and are in the process of working with clinical laboratories to develop and validate EV-based assays for a variety of diseases. The successful clinical application of EV-based diagnostic assays will require close collaboration between industry, academia, regulatory agencies and access to patient samples. We expect that international, integrative and interdisciplinary translational research teams, along with the emergence of FDA-approved platforms, will set the framework for EV-based diagnostics. We recognize that the EV field offers new promise for personalized/precision medicine and targeted treatment in a variety of diseases. A short course was held as a four-session webinar series in September and October 2014, presented by pioneers and experts in the EV domain, covering a broad range of topics from an overview of the field to its applications, and the current state and challenges of the commercialization of EVs for research and an introduction to the clinic. It was concluded with a panel discussion on the regulatory aspects and funding opportunities in this field. A summary of the short course is presented as a meeting dispatch.
{"title":"Short Course in Extracellular Vesicles — The Transition from Tissue to Liquid Biopsies","authors":"J. Lötvall, J. Skog, A. Vlassov, A. Sacido, E. Rohde, J. Gere, W. Kuo","doi":"10.5772/60053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/60053","url":null,"abstract":"Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, carry a variety of bio-macromolecules, including mRNA, microRNA, other non-coding RNAs, proteins and lipids. EVs have emerged as a promising, minimally invasive (liquid biopsies) and novel source of material for molecular diagnostics, and may provide a surrogate to tissue biopsy-based biomarkers for a variety of diseases. Although EVs can be easily identified and collected from biological fluids using commercial kits, further research and proper validation is needed in order for them to be useful in the clinical setting. Currently, several EV-based research and diagnostic companies have developed research-based kits and are in the process of working with clinical laboratories to develop and validate EV-based assays for a variety of diseases. The successful clinical application of EV-based diagnostic assays will require close collaboration between industry, academia, regulatory agencies and access to patient samples. We expect that international, integrative and interdisciplinary translational research teams, along with the emergence of FDA-approved platforms, will set the framework for EV-based diagnostics. We recognize that the EV field offers new promise for personalized/precision medicine and targeted treatment in a variety of diseases. A short course was held as a four-session webinar series in September and October 2014, presented by pioneers and experts in the EV domain, covering a broad range of topics from an overview of the field to its applications, and the current state and challenges of the commercialization of EVs for research and an introduction to the clinic. It was concluded with a panel discussion on the regulatory aspects and funding opportunities in this field. A summary of the short course is presented as a meeting dispatch.","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/60053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johan Ankarklev, D. Hjelmqvist, Pierre-Yves Mantel
Investigation of the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in parasite biology has burgeoned in recent years. Human infecting protozoan parasites, such as Trypanosoma cruzi, Lesihmania sp. and Trichomonas vaginalis, have all demonstrated the utilization of EVs as virulence factors in order to activate or hamper host immunity. Novel findings have provided evidence that the deployment of EVs by Plasmodium sp. has a major impact in disease outcomes and serves as an integral part in controlling stage switching in its life cycle. Clinical studies have highlighted elevated levels of EVs in patients with severe malaria disease and EVs have been linked to increased sequestration of infected red blood cells to the endothelium, causing obstruction of blood flow. It has also been found that EVs produced during malaria disease activate innate immunity. Intriguingly, recent discoveries indicate that Plasmodium sp. “highjack” the erythrocyte microvesiculation system in order to cross-communicate. Both the transfer of DNA and parasite density regulation has been suggested as key mechanisms of EVs in malaria biology.
{"title":"Uncovering the Role of Erythrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Malaria: From Immune Regulation to Cell Communication","authors":"Johan Ankarklev, D. Hjelmqvist, Pierre-Yves Mantel","doi":"10.5772/58596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/58596","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation of the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in parasite biology has burgeoned in recent years. Human infecting protozoan parasites, such as Trypanosoma cruzi, Lesihmania sp. and Trichomonas vaginalis, have all demonstrated the utilization of EVs as virulence factors in order to activate or hamper host immunity. Novel findings have provided evidence that the deployment of EVs by Plasmodium sp. has a major impact in disease outcomes and serves as an integral part in controlling stage switching in its life cycle. Clinical studies have highlighted elevated levels of EVs in patients with severe malaria disease and EVs have been linked to increased sequestration of infected red blood cells to the endothelium, causing obstruction of blood flow. It has also been found that EVs produced during malaria disease activate innate immunity. Intriguingly, recent discoveries indicate that Plasmodium sp. “highjack” the erythrocyte microvesiculation system in order to cross-communicate. Both the transfer of DNA and parasite density regulation has been suggested as key mechanisms of EVs in malaria biology.","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/58596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70973646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Campanella, C. C. Bavisotto, A. M. Gammazza, D. Nikolić, F. Rappa, S. David, F. Cappello, F. Bucchieri, S. Fais
Exosomes have recently been proposed as novel elements in the study of intercellular communication in normal and pathological conditions. The biomolecular composition of exosomes reflects the specialized functions of the original cells. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are a group of chaperone proteins with diverse biological roles. In recent years, many studies have focused on the extracellular roles played by Hsps that appear to be involved in cancer development and immune system stimulation. Hsps localized on the surface of exosomes, secreted by normal and tumour cells, could be key players in intercellular cross-talk, particularly during the course of different diseases, such as cancer. Exosomal Hsps offer significant opportunities for clinical applications, including their use as potential novel biomarkers for the diagnoses or prognoses of different diseases, or for therapeutic applications and drug delivery.
{"title":"Exosomal Heat Shock Proteins as New Players in Tumour Cell-to-Cell Communication","authors":"C. Campanella, C. C. Bavisotto, A. M. Gammazza, D. Nikolić, F. Rappa, S. David, F. Cappello, F. Bucchieri, S. Fais","doi":"10.5772/58721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/58721","url":null,"abstract":"Exosomes have recently been proposed as novel elements in the study of intercellular communication in normal and pathological conditions. The biomolecular composition of exosomes reflects the specialized functions of the original cells. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are a group of chaperone proteins with diverse biological roles. In recent years, many studies have focused on the extracellular roles played by Hsps that appear to be involved in cancer development and immune system stimulation. Hsps localized on the surface of exosomes, secreted by normal and tumour cells, could be key players in intercellular cross-talk, particularly during the course of different diseases, such as cancer. Exosomal Hsps offer significant opportunities for clinical applications, including their use as potential novel biomarkers for the diagnoses or prognoses of different diseases, or for therapeutic applications and drug delivery.","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/58721","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70974610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Anile, C. Chiappetta, D. Diso, V. Liparulo, M. Leopizzi, C. Della Rocca, F. Venuta
Objectives: Metastatic recurrence is the most frequent cause of death after surgical resection of lung cancer. Manipulation during surgery has been advocated as one of the causes contributing to promotion of spreading. Methods: We investigated if the detection of plasma circulating free DNA (cfDNA) is influenced by surgical manipulation in 25 lung cancer patients (17 males and eight females) undergoing complete resection; 20 health subjects formed the control group. Bloodstream levels of cfDNA were detected before surgery, one week and one month after surgery. Results: CfDNA levels measured preoperatively and in the control group were 23 07 ± 7 4 ng/mL and 7 5 ± 3 4 ng/mL respectively (p=0 0002); levels at one week and one month were 68 2 ± 36 2 ng/mL and 9 6 ± 3 1 ng/mL respectively. The difference between the three time points were statistically significant (preop vs. one week p=0 0006; one week vs. one month p=0 0003) with an increase in the first week and a strong decrease after one month. CfDNA levels at one month were not statistically different from those recorded in the control group. There was no correlation between preoperative cfDNA levels, tumour stage, grading and histology and patient demographics. No correlation was found between postoperative cfDNA, type of surgical procedure, histology and stage. After a median follow-up of 16 months no recurrence was detected. Conclusions: Surgical manipulation determines increased cfDNA levels in the early postoperative period; however, after one month they decrease within the normal range, at levels that are statistically comparable with healthy subjects.
{"title":"Influence of Lung Parenchyma Surgical Manipulation on Circulating Free DNA","authors":"M. Anile, C. Chiappetta, D. Diso, V. Liparulo, M. Leopizzi, C. Della Rocca, F. Venuta","doi":"10.5772/59875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/59875","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Metastatic recurrence is the most frequent cause of death after surgical resection of lung cancer. Manipulation during surgery has been advocated as one of the causes contributing to promotion of spreading. Methods: We investigated if the detection of plasma circulating free DNA (cfDNA) is influenced by surgical manipulation in 25 lung cancer patients (17 males and eight females) undergoing complete resection; 20 health subjects formed the control group. Bloodstream levels of cfDNA were detected before surgery, one week and one month after surgery. Results: CfDNA levels measured preoperatively and in the control group were 23 07 ± 7 4 ng/mL and 7 5 ± 3 4 ng/mL respectively (p=0 0002); levels at one week and one month were 68 2 ± 36 2 ng/mL and 9 6 ± 3 1 ng/mL respectively. The difference between the three time points were statistically significant (preop vs. one week p=0 0006; one week vs. one month p=0 0003) with an increase in the first week and a strong decrease after one month. CfDNA levels at one month were not statistically different from those recorded in the control group. There was no correlation between preoperative cfDNA levels, tumour stage, grading and histology and patient demographics. No correlation was found between postoperative cfDNA, type of surgical procedure, histology and stage. After a median follow-up of 16 months no recurrence was detected. Conclusions: Surgical manipulation determines increased cfDNA levels in the early postoperative period; however, after one month they decrease within the normal range, at levels that are statistically comparable with healthy subjects.","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5772/59875","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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