To be successful a cloud service provider has to target a preferably large customer group to leverage economies of scale. Therefore an application offered as a service in the cloud is often configurable regarding non-functional qualities, such as location or availability. Since many of these qualities depend on the resources on which the service is hosted, a large number of computing environments has to be managed by the service provider. This paper analyses the challenges arising from such a scenario and identifies several optimization opportunities originating from an intelligent distribution of users among the functionally equal resources with different quality of services. A framework enabling the development of distribution strategies exploiting these opportunities is defined. It allows modeling of resources, their deployment dependencies, and users with specific demands. An architecture and prototype of a management system is introduced to handle the required resource provisioning and user request routing. Several optimization strategies are defined and their performance is evaluated using statistical data of an existing cloud service provider.
{"title":"A Framework for Optimized Distribution of Tenants in Cloud Applications","authors":"Christoph Fehling, F. Leymann, Ralph Retter","doi":"10.1109/CLOUD.2010.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLOUD.2010.33","url":null,"abstract":"To be successful a cloud service provider has to target a preferably large customer group to leverage economies of scale. Therefore an application offered as a service in the cloud is often configurable regarding non-functional qualities, such as location or availability. Since many of these qualities depend on the resources on which the service is hosted, a large number of computing environments has to be managed by the service provider. This paper analyses the challenges arising from such a scenario and identifies several optimization opportunities originating from an intelligent distribution of users among the functionally equal resources with different quality of services. A framework enabling the development of distribution strategies exploiting these opportunities is defined. It allows modeling of resources, their deployment dependencies, and users with specific demands. An architecture and prototype of a management system is introduced to handle the required resource provisioning and user request routing. Several optimization strategies are defined and their performance is evaluated using statistical data of an existing cloud service provider.","PeriodicalId":375404,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122520235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Handling changes of business processes, and making sure systems are up and running after a change in the business process with minimum downtime is something which has been of interest to researchers for long and there have been several approaches proposed for it. With Cloud computing becoming increasingly popular businesses require a strong system for cloud based implementations which can handle change management of processes. In this paper we propose a change management approach for cloud backed business process models.
{"title":"Cloud Broker: Bringing Intelligence into the Cloud","authors":"S. G. Grivas, Tripathi Uttam Kumar, H. Wache","doi":"10.1109/CLOUD.2010.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLOUD.2010.48","url":null,"abstract":"Handling changes of business processes, and making sure systems are up and running after a change in the business process with minimum downtime is something which has been of interest to researchers for long and there have been several approaches proposed for it. With Cloud computing becoming increasingly popular businesses require a strong system for cloud based implementations which can handle change management of processes. In this paper we propose a change management approach for cloud backed business process models.","PeriodicalId":375404,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131944488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ferretti, V. Ghini, F. Panzieri, M. Pellegrini, E. Turrini
In this paper we discuss the design and experimental evaluation of a middleware architecture that enables Service Level Agreement (SLA)-driven dynamic configuration, management and optimization of cloud resources and services. This architecture has been designed in order to respond effectively to the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the cloud customer applications. Typically, an application can be hosted in an execution platform constructed out of (real and virtual) cloud resources. In this context, the application QoS requirements can be specified in a SLA that binds the application to its hosting platform. Our architecture incorporates a load balancer that distributes the computational load across the platform resources, and monitors the QoS the platform delivers. If this deviates from that specified in the SLA, so as to violate it, the platform is reconfigured dynamically in order to incorporate additional resources from the cloud. In contrast, if the SLA is honored and platform resources result unused, platform reconfiguration occurs to release those unused resources.
{"title":"QoS–Aware Clouds","authors":"S. Ferretti, V. Ghini, F. Panzieri, M. Pellegrini, E. Turrini","doi":"10.1109/CLOUD.2010.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLOUD.2010.17","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we discuss the design and experimental evaluation of a middleware architecture that enables Service Level Agreement (SLA)-driven dynamic configuration, management and optimization of cloud resources and services. This architecture has been designed in order to respond effectively to the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the cloud customer applications. Typically, an application can be hosted in an execution platform constructed out of (real and virtual) cloud resources. In this context, the application QoS requirements can be specified in a SLA that binds the application to its hosting platform. Our architecture incorporates a load balancer that distributes the computational load across the platform resources, and monitors the QoS the platform delivers. If this deviates from that specified in the SLA, so as to violate it, the platform is reconfigured dynamically in order to incorporate additional resources from the cloud. In contrast, if the SLA is honored and platform resources result unused, platform reconfiguration occurs to release those unused resources.","PeriodicalId":375404,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114780658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Software as a Service (SaaS) has been adopted in a fast pace for applications and services on software clouds. However, the success of SaaS in software cloud cannot obscure the integration challenges faced by developers and enterprise infrastructure IT. Among those challenges, firewall/NAT traversal and security issues often pose a serious bottleneck as enterprises may not be entirely comfortable running mission critical applications outside the corporate firewall. On the other hand, SaaS applications in the cloud need to access enterprise on-premise applications for data exchange and on-premises services. The current approaches through opening special pin-holes on firewall or using dedicated VPNs have encountered a number of limitations and drawbacks. This paper presents a Proxy-based firewall/NAT traversal solution for SaaS integration (PASS). It allows SaaS applications to integrate with on-premise applications without firewall reconfiguration, while maintaining the security of on-premise applications. In addition, this approach is platform and application independent, making the SaaS integration seamless. Moreover, PASS is consistent with the enterprise web browsing infrastructure, and it requires little or no change to enterprise firewall/NAT configurations. In this paper we present the architecture of PASS and address SaaS integration challenges in software cloud, such as security/firewall, performance, and scalability. Experimental study based on our implemented system shows that the proposed approach of PASS is promising to resolve firewall/NAT traversal for SaaS integration with on-premise services.
{"title":"SaaS Integration for Software Cloud","authors":"Feng Liu, Weiping Guo, Z. Zhao, W. Chou","doi":"10.1109/CLOUD.2010.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLOUD.2010.67","url":null,"abstract":"Software as a Service (SaaS) has been adopted in a fast pace for applications and services on software clouds. However, the success of SaaS in software cloud cannot obscure the integration challenges faced by developers and enterprise infrastructure IT. Among those challenges, firewall/NAT traversal and security issues often pose a serious bottleneck as enterprises may not be entirely comfortable running mission critical applications outside the corporate firewall. On the other hand, SaaS applications in the cloud need to access enterprise on-premise applications for data exchange and on-premises services. The current approaches through opening special pin-holes on firewall or using dedicated VPNs have encountered a number of limitations and drawbacks. This paper presents a Proxy-based firewall/NAT traversal solution for SaaS integration (PASS). It allows SaaS applications to integrate with on-premise applications without firewall reconfiguration, while maintaining the security of on-premise applications. In addition, this approach is platform and application independent, making the SaaS integration seamless. Moreover, PASS is consistent with the enterprise web browsing infrastructure, and it requires little or no change to enterprise firewall/NAT configurations. In this paper we present the architecture of PASS and address SaaS integration challenges in software cloud, such as security/firewall, performance, and scalability. Experimental study based on our implemented system shows that the proposed approach of PASS is promising to resolve firewall/NAT traversal for SaaS integration with on-premise services.","PeriodicalId":375404,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114673277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cloud computing paradigm contains many shared resources, such as infrastructures, data storage, various platforms and software. Resource monitoring involves collecting information of system resources to facilitate decision making by other components in Cloud environment. It is the foundation of many major Cloud computing operations. In this paper, we extend the prevailing monitoring methods in Grid computing, namely Pull model and Push model, to the paradigm of Cloud computing. In Grid computing, we find that in certain conditions, Push model has high consistency but low efficiency, while Pull model has low consistency but high efficiency. Based on complementary properties of the two models, we propose a user-oriented resource monitoring model named Push&Pull (P&P) for Cloud computing, which employs both the above two models, and switches the two models intelligently according to users’ requirements and monitored resources’ status. The experimental result shows that the P&P model decreases updating costs and satisfies various users’ requirements of consistency between monitoring components and monitored resources compared to the original models.
{"title":"P&P: A Combined Push-Pull Model for Resource Monitoring in Cloud Computing Environment","authors":"He Huang, Liqiang Wang","doi":"10.1109/CLOUD.2010.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLOUD.2010.85","url":null,"abstract":"Cloud computing paradigm contains many shared resources, such as infrastructures, data storage, various platforms and software. Resource monitoring involves collecting information of system resources to facilitate decision making by other components in Cloud environment. It is the foundation of many major Cloud computing operations. In this paper, we extend the prevailing monitoring methods in Grid computing, namely Pull model and Push model, to the paradigm of Cloud computing. In Grid computing, we find that in certain conditions, Push model has high consistency but low efficiency, while Pull model has low consistency but high efficiency. Based on complementary properties of the two models, we propose a user-oriented resource monitoring model named Push&Pull (P&P) for Cloud computing, which employs both the above two models, and switches the two models intelligently according to users’ requirements and monitored resources’ status. The experimental result shows that the P&P model decreases updating costs and satisfies various users’ requirements of consistency between monitoring components and monitored resources compared to the original models.","PeriodicalId":375404,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131156416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This case study illustrates the potential benefits and risks associated with the migration of an IT system in the oil & gas industry from an in-house data center to Amazon EC2 from a broad variety of stakeholder perspectives across the enterprise, thus transcending the typical, yet narrow, financial and technical analysis offered by providers. Our results show that the system infrastructure in the case study would have cost 37% less over 5 years on EC2, and using cloud computing could have potentially eliminated 21% of the support calls for this system. These findings seem significant enough to call for a migration of the system to the cloud but our stakeholder impact analysis revealed that there are significant risks associated with this. Whilst the benefits of using the cloud are attractive, we argue that it is important that enterprise decision-makers consider the overall organizational implications of the changes brought about with cloud computing to avoid implementing local optimizations at the cost of organization-wide performance.
{"title":"Cloud Migration: A Case Study of Migrating an Enterprise IT System to IaaS","authors":"Ali Khajeh-Hosseini, D. Greenwood, I. Sommerville","doi":"10.1109/CLOUD.2010.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLOUD.2010.37","url":null,"abstract":"This case study illustrates the potential benefits and risks associated with the migration of an IT system in the oil & gas industry from an in-house data center to Amazon EC2 from a broad variety of stakeholder perspectives across the enterprise, thus transcending the typical, yet narrow, financial and technical analysis offered by providers. Our results show that the system infrastructure in the case study would have cost 37% less over 5 years on EC2, and using cloud computing could have potentially eliminated 21% of the support calls for this system. These findings seem significant enough to call for a migration of the system to the cloud but our stakeholder impact analysis revealed that there are significant risks associated with this. Whilst the benefits of using the cloud are attractive, we argue that it is important that enterprise decision-makers consider the overall organizational implications of the changes brought about with cloud computing to avoid implementing local optimizations at the cost of organization-wide performance.","PeriodicalId":375404,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123033755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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