The development of artificial reproductive technology and the legal difference of surrogacy lead to a large number of transnational surrogacy children and many disputes about the legal parent status of transnational surrogacy children. The main reasons for the difficulty in identifying the parental relationship of the present transnational surrogacy children are the different identification of the surrogacy agreement and the parent-child relationship in different countries, the emergence of the "lame parental right" caused by the application of the principle of public order, and the reflect to recognize the transnational surrogacy parent-child relationship on the grounds of legal evasion.Based on the analysis of the reasons for the difficulty in identifying the parent-child relationship and the experience of determining the surrogate parent-child relationship in various countries, the exploration of the path to determine the parent-child relationship of the transnational surrogacy children mainly includes establishing the parent-child relationship according to the surrogacy agreement, establishing the adoption relationship to establish the parent-child relationship, and redefining the parent-child relationship according to the conflict norms of the country where the intended parents are located.At present, there is no basic law to regulate surrogacy in China. In practice, the legal parents of surrogacy children are established in the way of confirming the parentage of factual support. On the premise of balancing the best interests of children and social public order, we should protect the right of identity of transnational surrogacy children by perfecting laws and regulations, and maximize the function of technology to benefit mankind.
{"title":"Protection of Children’s Rights and Interests in Transnational Surrogacy -- From the Perspective of Parent-Child Relationship","authors":"Xiao Liu","doi":"10.20849/iref.v6i2.1192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20849/iref.v6i2.1192","url":null,"abstract":"The development of artificial reproductive technology and the legal difference of surrogacy lead to a large number of transnational surrogacy children and many disputes about the legal parent status of transnational surrogacy children. The main reasons for the difficulty in identifying the parental relationship of the present transnational surrogacy children are the different identification of the surrogacy agreement and the parent-child relationship in different countries, the emergence of the \"lame parental right\" caused by the application of the principle of public order, and the reflect to recognize the transnational surrogacy parent-child relationship on the grounds of legal evasion.Based on the analysis of the reasons for the difficulty in identifying the parent-child relationship and the experience of determining the surrogate parent-child relationship in various countries, the exploration of the path to determine the parent-child relationship of the transnational surrogacy children mainly includes establishing the parent-child relationship according to the surrogacy agreement, establishing the adoption relationship to establish the parent-child relationship, and redefining the parent-child relationship according to the conflict norms of the country where the intended parents are located.At present, there is no basic law to regulate surrogacy in China. In practice, the legal parents of surrogacy children are established in the way of confirming the parentage of factual support. On the premise of balancing the best interests of children and social public order, we should protect the right of identity of transnational surrogacy children by perfecting laws and regulations, and maximize the function of technology to benefit mankind.","PeriodicalId":375463,"journal":{"name":"International Research in Economics and Finance","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125673923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leader humor is a new type of leadership that integrates humorous behavior into leadership. It is characterized by breaking the traditional dogmatic management and aims to adopt humorous and interesting interactive ways to manage and stimulate the benign behaviors of subordinates. Although the research on leader humor has made some progress in both theoretical and empirical aspects, people gradually begin to pay attention to the overview of leader humor. Through literature review, this paper summarizes some outcome variables of leader humor, and analyzes the positive effects of different types of leader humor from measurement. Finally, the essential difference between the leader humor and the leader humor duality, how to choose the mediating variable, how to choose the Y variable and how to choose the moderating variable are discussed. This paper launches the research from the perspective of the positive role of leader humor, and provides a systematic and in-depth research framework and ideas on related issues.
{"title":"Review and Prospect of Leader Humor Research","authors":"Ying Wang","doi":"10.20849/iref.v6i1.1115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20849/iref.v6i1.1115","url":null,"abstract":"Leader humor is a new type of leadership that integrates humorous behavior into leadership. It is characterized by breaking the traditional dogmatic management and aims to adopt humorous and interesting interactive ways to manage and stimulate the benign behaviors of subordinates. Although the research on leader humor has made some progress in both theoretical and empirical aspects, people gradually begin to pay attention to the overview of leader humor. Through literature review, this paper summarizes some outcome variables of leader humor, and analyzes the positive effects of different types of leader humor from measurement. Finally, the essential difference between the leader humor and the leader humor duality, how to choose the mediating variable, how to choose the Y variable and how to choose the moderating variable are discussed. This paper launches the research from the perspective of the positive role of leader humor, and provides a systematic and in-depth research framework and ideas on related issues.","PeriodicalId":375463,"journal":{"name":"International Research in Economics and Finance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130584480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid development of financial technology has brought about a significant impact on China's financial services. The development of innovative technologies based on big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and other technologies has played a positive role in improving the overall efficiency of China's modern financial system, but it is also accompanied by some risks. How to prevent the risk of financial technology development, improve financial technology innovation, and develop the real economy is a serious problem facing China's financial regulatory authorities. This paper analyzes the development status and trends of financial technology and the risks faced by the development of financial technology, and puts forward corresponding regulatory policies.
{"title":"Research on the Development Status and Regulatory Countermeasures of Financial Technology in China","authors":"Jing Yu, Wanqiu Li, Lingqing Zhao","doi":"10.20849/iref.v6i1.1113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20849/iref.v6i1.1113","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of financial technology has brought about a significant impact on China's financial services. The development of innovative technologies based on big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and other technologies has played a positive role in improving the overall efficiency of China's modern financial system, but it is also accompanied by some risks. How to prevent the risk of financial technology development, improve financial technology innovation, and develop the real economy is a serious problem facing China's financial regulatory authorities. This paper analyzes the development status and trends of financial technology and the risks faced by the development of financial technology, and puts forward corresponding regulatory policies.","PeriodicalId":375463,"journal":{"name":"International Research in Economics and Finance","volume":"292 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122303492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monopolistic competition is a real life market structure in which the elements of both perfect competition and monopoly exist. The paper examines the properties of perfect competition and monopoly under the purview of both conventional and Islamic economics. It finds that perfect competition is permissible in Islamic economic framework but monopoly is not. Monopolistic competition, however, cannot be fully abolished because of its real life relevance. The main problem lying with the monopolistic competition is that each firm preserves the capacity of producing more than what they produce in equilibrium- this is generally known as excess capacity. The current paper proposes a model that eliminates excess capacity and shows how the monopolistically competitive firms may remain at an output level that is socially optimum. The proposed model is a modification of Chamberlin (1933) model. According to the proposed model, the firms will produce socially desirable output if they are given some incentives. Amount of required incentive is the difference between the cost of producing additional units of output and the profit foregone due to the deviation from profit maximizing output level.
{"title":"Elimination of Excess Capacity in Monopolistic Competition: An Alternative Approach","authors":"Mohammed Saiful Islam","doi":"10.20849/IREF.V3I1.568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20849/IREF.V3I1.568","url":null,"abstract":"Monopolistic competition is a real life market structure in which the elements of both perfect competition and monopoly exist. The paper examines the properties of perfect competition and monopoly under the purview of both conventional and Islamic economics. It finds that perfect competition is permissible in Islamic economic framework but monopoly is not. Monopolistic competition, however, cannot be fully abolished because of its real life relevance. The main problem lying with the monopolistic competition is that each firm preserves the capacity of producing more than what they produce in equilibrium- this is generally known as excess capacity. The current paper proposes a model that eliminates excess capacity and shows how the monopolistically competitive firms may remain at an output level that is socially optimum. The proposed model is a modification of Chamberlin (1933) model. According to the proposed model, the firms will produce socially desirable output if they are given some incentives. Amount of required incentive is the difference between the cost of producing additional units of output and the profit foregone due to the deviation from profit maximizing output level.","PeriodicalId":375463,"journal":{"name":"International Research in Economics and Finance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128349136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid urbanization development has helped China's economy to rise sharply, and it has also plunged the countryside into a development dilemma. Based on a questionnaire survey of 25 industry experts, this paper uses SWOT-AHP analysis to study the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats of rural development, and finally determines the development strategy of rural China. Put forward three suggestions on rural development in China, that is, grasp the national strategic opportunity to develop modern agriculture, upgrade the level of rural human capital and cultivate the concept of ecological civilization.
{"title":"Research on China's Rural Development Strategy Based on SWOT-AHP Analysis","authors":"Xianfeng Guo, Hanxue Yan, W. Yuan","doi":"10.20849/IREF.V3I1.571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20849/IREF.V3I1.571","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid urbanization development has helped China's economy to rise sharply, and it has also plunged the countryside into a development dilemma. Based on a questionnaire survey of 25 industry experts, this paper uses SWOT-AHP analysis to study the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats of rural development, and finally determines the development strategy of rural China. Put forward three suggestions on rural development in China, that is, grasp the national strategic opportunity to develop modern agriculture, upgrade the level of rural human capital and cultivate the concept of ecological civilization.","PeriodicalId":375463,"journal":{"name":"International Research in Economics and Finance","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123031473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to look back on literature related to internationalization process of service firms. In this regards, the emphasis is on marketing challenges and the target (and motivator of this study) is identification of the suitable strategy to succeed in facing these challenges. In the other word challenges in the path of internationalization of the service firms are identified and relevant entry mode and strategies to cope with those challenges are presented.
{"title":"Marketing Challenges and Strategies for Internationalization of Service Firms","authors":"H. Radmanesh","doi":"10.20849/iref.v2i2.493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20849/iref.v2i2.493","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to look back on literature related to internationalization process of service firms. In this regards, the emphasis is on marketing challenges and the target (and motivator of this study) is identification of the suitable strategy to succeed in facing these challenges. In the other word challenges in the path of internationalization of the service firms are identified and relevant entry mode and strategies to cope with those challenges are presented.","PeriodicalId":375463,"journal":{"name":"International Research in Economics and Finance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129530760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate the question whether the book to market ratio acts as a “risk-based” or “mispricing-based” proxy for share price formation in Chinese markets. We find that a strong relationship is observed between the firms’ book to market ratio and stock returns both in current and following years, while we cannot find a steady relationship between market leverage ratio and stock returns. In addition, the findings support the notion that a mispricing-based explanation is more plausible in China due to the speculative features of the Chinese markets.
{"title":"The Functionality of Book-to-Market Ratio in Chinese Markets","authors":"Larry Li, A. McMurray, Bo Liu","doi":"10.20849/IREF.V2I2.514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20849/IREF.V2I2.514","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the question whether the book to market ratio acts as a “risk-based” or “mispricing-based” proxy for share price formation in Chinese markets. We find that a strong relationship is observed between the firms’ book to market ratio and stock returns both in current and following years, while we cannot find a steady relationship between market leverage ratio and stock returns. In addition, the findings support the notion that a mispricing-based explanation is more plausible in China due to the speculative features of the Chinese markets.","PeriodicalId":375463,"journal":{"name":"International Research in Economics and Finance","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128414823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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