Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1504/IJBBR.2011.043751
Eklas Hossain, R. Khan, R. Muhida, Ahad Ali
The technology for terrain detection and walking support system for blind people has rapidly been improved the last couple of decades but to assist visually impaired people may have started long ago. Currently, a variety of portable or wearable navigation system is available in the market to help the blind for navigating their way in his local or remote area. The focused category in this work can be subgroups as electronic travel aids (ETAs), electronic orientation aids (EOAs) and position locator devices (PLDs). However, we will focus mainly on electronic travel aids (ETAs). This paper presents a comparative survey among the various portable or wearable walking support systems as well as informative description (a subcategory of ETAs or early stages of ETAs) with its working principal advantages and disadvantages so that the researchers can easily get the current stage of assisting blind technology along with the requirement for optimising the design of walking support system for its users.
{"title":"State of the art review on walking support system for visually impaired people","authors":"Eklas Hossain, R. Khan, R. Muhida, Ahad Ali","doi":"10.1504/IJBBR.2011.043751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBBR.2011.043751","url":null,"abstract":"The technology for terrain detection and walking support system for blind people has rapidly been improved the last couple of decades but to assist visually impaired people may have started long ago. Currently, a variety of portable or wearable navigation system is available in the market to help the blind for navigating their way in his local or remote area. The focused category in this work can be subgroups as electronic travel aids (ETAs), electronic orientation aids (EOAs) and position locator devices (PLDs). However, we will focus mainly on electronic travel aids (ETAs). This paper presents a comparative survey among the various portable or wearable walking support systems as well as informative description (a subcategory of ETAs or early stages of ETAs) with its working principal advantages and disadvantages so that the researchers can easily get the current stage of assisting blind technology along with the requirement for optimising the design of walking support system for its users.","PeriodicalId":375470,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomechatronics and Biomedical Robotics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127656766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1504/IJBBR.2011.043748
M. Rahman, Thierry Kittel-Ouimet, M. Saad, J. Kenné, P. Archambault
The movements of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist play a vital role in the performance of essential daily activities. We therefore have developed a 2DOF exoskeleton robot ( ExoRob ) to rehabilitate the elbow and forearm movements of physically disabled individuals with impaired upper-limb function. The proposed ExoRob is supposed to be worn on the lateral side of forearm in order to provide naturalistic range movements of elbow (flexion/extension) and forearm (pronation/supination) motions. This paper focuses on the modelling, design (electrical and mechanical components), development, and control of the proposed ExoRob . The kinematic model of ExoRob has been developed based on modified Denavit-Hartenberg notations. Non-linear modified computed torque control technique is employed to control the proposed ExoRob , where trajectories (i.e., pre-programmed trajectories recommended by therapist/clinician) tracking corresponding to typical rehabilitation (passive) exercises has been carried out to evaluate the performances of the developed ExoRob and controller. Furthermore, experiments were carried out with the master exoskeleton arm [ mExoArm , an upper-limb prototype 7DOF (lower scaled) exoskeleton arm] where subjects (robot users) or experimenter operate the mExoArm (like a joystick) to manoeuvre the proposed ExoRob to provide passive rehabilitation. Experimental results show that the controller is able to manoeuvre the ExoRob efficiently to track the desired trajectories. Such movements are widely used in rehabilitation and have been performed efficiently with the developed ExoRob and the controller.
{"title":"Robot assisted rehabilitation for elbow and forearm movements","authors":"M. Rahman, Thierry Kittel-Ouimet, M. Saad, J. Kenné, P. Archambault","doi":"10.1504/IJBBR.2011.043748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBBR.2011.043748","url":null,"abstract":"The movements of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist play a vital role in the performance of essential daily activities. We therefore have developed a 2DOF exoskeleton robot ( ExoRob ) to rehabilitate the elbow and forearm movements of physically disabled individuals with impaired upper-limb function. The proposed ExoRob is supposed to be worn on the lateral side of forearm in order to provide naturalistic range movements of elbow (flexion/extension) and forearm (pronation/supination) motions. This paper focuses on the modelling, design (electrical and mechanical components), development, and control of the proposed ExoRob . The kinematic model of ExoRob has been developed based on modified Denavit-Hartenberg notations. Non-linear modified computed torque control technique is employed to control the proposed ExoRob , where trajectories (i.e., pre-programmed trajectories recommended by therapist/clinician) tracking corresponding to typical rehabilitation (passive) exercises has been carried out to evaluate the performances of the developed ExoRob and controller. Furthermore, experiments were carried out with the master exoskeleton arm [ mExoArm , an upper-limb prototype 7DOF (lower scaled) exoskeleton arm] where subjects (robot users) or experimenter operate the mExoArm (like a joystick) to manoeuvre the proposed ExoRob to provide passive rehabilitation. Experimental results show that the controller is able to manoeuvre the ExoRob efficiently to track the desired trajectories. Such movements are widely used in rehabilitation and have been performed efficiently with the developed ExoRob and the controller.","PeriodicalId":375470,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomechatronics and Biomedical Robotics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121668622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1504/IJBBR.2011.043747
S. Rahman, R. Ikeura, Haoyong Yu
A power assist robot system was developed for manipulating objects in cooperation with human. Weight perception was included in robot dynamics and control. The robot was simulated for different conditions. Optimum manoeuvrability conditions for vertical lifting and horizontal manipulation of objects were determined. Psychophysical relationships between actual and perceived weights were determined, and load forces and motion features were analysed for unimanual and bimanual lifting of objects. Then a novel control scheme was implemented that reduced the excessive load forces and accelerations, and thus improved the system performances for unimanual and bimanual lifts. Motions were also analysed for lowering objects with the robot. A feed-forward friction model was introduced that addressed the effects of friction between human’s hand and object’s surfaces on weight perception and load force. The findings can be used to develop human-friendly power assist robots for manipulating heavy objects in industries.
{"title":"Towards developing a human-friendly power assist robot for manipulating heavy objects: special focus on manoeuvrability and object’s surface friction","authors":"S. Rahman, R. Ikeura, Haoyong Yu","doi":"10.1504/IJBBR.2011.043747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBBR.2011.043747","url":null,"abstract":"A power assist robot system was developed for manipulating objects in cooperation with human. Weight perception was included in robot dynamics and control. The robot was simulated for different conditions. Optimum manoeuvrability conditions for vertical lifting and horizontal manipulation of objects were determined. Psychophysical relationships between actual and perceived weights were determined, and load forces and motion features were analysed for unimanual and bimanual lifting of objects. Then a novel control scheme was implemented that reduced the excessive load forces and accelerations, and thus improved the system performances for unimanual and bimanual lifts. Motions were also analysed for lowering objects with the robot. A feed-forward friction model was introduced that addressed the effects of friction between human’s hand and object’s surfaces on weight perception and load force. The findings can be used to develop human-friendly power assist robots for manipulating heavy objects in industries.","PeriodicalId":375470,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomechatronics and Biomedical Robotics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129875316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1504/IJBBR.2011.043750
Edward D. Sellers, A. Chiu
Upper-limb amputees have reported that one of their main dissatisfactions with current commercialised prosthetic arms is a lack of sensory feedback. The current study investigates the feasibility of providing feedback of grip force, slippage, and finger position through vibrotactile stimulators to the prosthetic users. Tests are performed to determine subject’s spatial sensitivity as well as their abilities to differentiate discrete vibration intensity levels. We find that human subjects can correctly identify discrete sensory levels (with 90% accuracy) from 62 Hz to 250 Hz for tactors placed at least 3 cm apart. The accuracy of the EMG classifier system would decrease if all three tactors are activated. Even though a multivariable vibrotactile feedback system may not be feasible initially due to information overload, the user performance may improve with training. Multi-tactor system can be implemented with a slight decrease in electromyographic signal classification for the control of a neuroprosthetic hand.
{"title":"The design and evaluation of a multi-sensory vibrotactile feedback system for a myoelectric prosthetic hand","authors":"Edward D. Sellers, A. Chiu","doi":"10.1504/IJBBR.2011.043750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBBR.2011.043750","url":null,"abstract":"Upper-limb amputees have reported that one of their main dissatisfactions with current commercialised prosthetic arms is a lack of sensory feedback. The current study investigates the feasibility of providing feedback of grip force, slippage, and finger position through vibrotactile stimulators to the prosthetic users. Tests are performed to determine subject’s spatial sensitivity as well as their abilities to differentiate discrete vibration intensity levels. We find that human subjects can correctly identify discrete sensory levels (with 90% accuracy) from 62 Hz to 250 Hz for tactors placed at least 3 cm apart. The accuracy of the EMG classifier system would decrease if all three tactors are activated. Even though a multivariable vibrotactile feedback system may not be feasible initially due to information overload, the user performance may improve with training. Multi-tactor system can be implemented with a slight decrease in electromyographic signal classification for the control of a neuroprosthetic hand.","PeriodicalId":375470,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomechatronics and Biomedical Robotics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128664453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-13DOI: 10.1504/IJBBR.2011.040035
Cho Zin Myint, N. Barsoum, Wong Kiing Ing
The wireless network technology is increasingly important in healthcare as a result of the aging population and the tendency to acquire chronic disease such as heart attack, high blood pressure amongst the elderly. The elderly do not have to show up to the hospital for a blood pressure check. It can be done while they are working by wearing wireless sensor device at home. A wireless sensor network system that has the capability to monitor physiological sign such as SpO 2 ; saturation of arterial oxygen and heartbeat rate in real-time from the human body is highlighted in this study. This research is to design a prototype sensor network hardware, which consists of microcontroller PIC18F series and transceiver unit. The sensor is incorporated into a wearable body sensor network which is small in size and easy to use. The sensor allows a non-invasive, real time method to provide information regarding the health of the body. This kind of medical application such as wireless sensor network has a promising future for humankind. This enables a more efficient and economical means for managing the healthcare of the population.
{"title":"Design a medical device for blood oxygen concentration and temporal heart beat rate","authors":"Cho Zin Myint, N. Barsoum, Wong Kiing Ing","doi":"10.1504/IJBBR.2011.040035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBBR.2011.040035","url":null,"abstract":"The wireless network technology is increasingly important in healthcare as a result of the aging population and the tendency to acquire chronic disease such as heart attack, high blood pressure amongst the elderly. The elderly do not have to show up to the hospital for a blood pressure check. It can be done while they are working by wearing wireless sensor device at home. A wireless sensor network system that has the capability to monitor physiological sign such as SpO 2 ; saturation of arterial oxygen and heartbeat rate in real-time from the human body is highlighted in this study. This research is to design a prototype sensor network hardware, which consists of microcontroller PIC18F series and transceiver unit. The sensor is incorporated into a wearable body sensor network which is small in size and easy to use. The sensor allows a non-invasive, real time method to provide information regarding the health of the body. This kind of medical application such as wireless sensor network has a promising future for humankind. This enables a more efficient and economical means for managing the healthcare of the population.","PeriodicalId":375470,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomechatronics and Biomedical Robotics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126136378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-13DOI: 10.1504/IJBBR.2011.040031
Ajibola O.O.E., Olunloyo V.O.S.
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease which usually affects the patients at middle age. Early motor signs of Huntington’s disease typically include the gradual onset of clumsiness, balance difficulties, and brief, random, fidgeting movements. This work is our attempt to promote a better understanding of the chorea associated with HD by carrying out an artificial neural network (ANN) simulation of the arm gait of an HD patient.
{"title":"Artificial neural network simulation of arm gait of Huntington disease patient","authors":"Ajibola O.O.E., Olunloyo V.O.S.","doi":"10.1504/IJBBR.2011.040031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBBR.2011.040031","url":null,"abstract":"Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease which usually affects the patients at middle age. Early motor signs of Huntington’s disease typically include the gradual onset of clumsiness, balance difficulties, and brief, random, fidgeting movements. This work is our attempt to promote a better understanding of the chorea associated with HD by carrying out an artificial neural network (ANN) simulation of the arm gait of an HD patient.","PeriodicalId":375470,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomechatronics and Biomedical Robotics","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132967596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-13DOI: 10.1504/IJBBR.2011.040034
F. Nogata, Y. Yokota, Y. Kawamura
As there are various difficulties associated with auscultation techniques, we have devised two techniques for visualising heart sound and motion to assist in the understanding of heartbeat for both doctors and patients that: To overcome difficulties in auscultation, these techniques can be applied to the detection of heart disease and to the digital database management of the auscultation examination.
{"title":"Visualisation of heart sounds and motion using multi-channel sensor","authors":"F. Nogata, Y. Yokota, Y. Kawamura","doi":"10.1504/IJBBR.2011.040034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBBR.2011.040034","url":null,"abstract":"As there are various difficulties associated with auscultation techniques, we have devised two techniques for visualising heart sound and motion to assist in the understanding of heartbeat for both doctors and patients that: \u0000 \u0000To overcome difficulties in auscultation, these techniques can be applied to the detection of heart disease and to the digital database management of the auscultation examination.","PeriodicalId":375470,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomechatronics and Biomedical Robotics","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132749692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-13DOI: 10.1504/IJBBR.2011.040033
Thomas Hurst, K. Aw
The paper shows the development of a low cost, lightweight and portable device to assist index finger movement for people with limited or no ability to use their hands. The mechanical system consists of a pair of air muscles connected to braided polymer cables applying force to the finger. The distal joints are actuated simultaneously by a single air muscle and rotational lever system while a second air muscle acts on the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints joint with a minor positive effect on the distal joints. The distal interphalangeal (DIP) and MCP joints are capable of achieving rotations up to 40° from resting and the proximal interphalangeal joint up to 65°. The device is capable of producing forces over 1 kg for a single finger. Force from the muscle itself increasing up to 3 kg at maximum contraction, producing a strong compliant force. Finger movement is similar to the curling motion of the human finger and can quickly and firmly grasp medium sized objects such as a plastic bottle of water.
{"title":"A low cost and portable single finger assistive device using air muscles","authors":"Thomas Hurst, K. Aw","doi":"10.1504/IJBBR.2011.040033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBBR.2011.040033","url":null,"abstract":"The paper shows the development of a low cost, lightweight and portable device to assist index finger movement for people with limited or no ability to use their hands. The mechanical system consists of a pair of air muscles connected to braided polymer cables applying force to the finger. The distal joints are actuated simultaneously by a single air muscle and rotational lever system while a second air muscle acts on the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints joint with a minor positive effect on the distal joints. \u0000 \u0000The distal interphalangeal (DIP) and MCP joints are capable of achieving rotations up to 40° from resting and the proximal interphalangeal joint up to 65°. The device is capable of producing forces over 1 kg for a single finger. Force from the muscle itself increasing up to 3 kg at maximum contraction, producing a strong compliant force. Finger movement is similar to the curling motion of the human finger and can quickly and firmly grasp medium sized objects such as a plastic bottle of water.","PeriodicalId":375470,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomechatronics and Biomedical Robotics","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122721406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-13DOI: 10.1504/IJBBR.2011.040032
M. Duhan, Chanderpal Sharma, D. Bhatia
Digital signal processing (DSP) can be used for biomedical signal processing applications like EMG, EEG and ECG, etc. With the help of biomedical instruments, the signal acquired from the body of human beings require advanced methodology for detection, decomposition, processing and classification of all biomedical signal. The EMG signal is stochastic in nature and it becomes difficult to quantify and interpret the processed signal. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the various methodologies of DSP for EMG signal processing to provide efficient and effective ways of understanding the signal and its nature.
{"title":"Study of signal processing techniques for EMG analysis","authors":"M. Duhan, Chanderpal Sharma, D. Bhatia","doi":"10.1504/IJBBR.2011.040032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBBR.2011.040032","url":null,"abstract":"Digital signal processing (DSP) can be used for biomedical signal processing applications like EMG, EEG and ECG, etc. With the help of biomedical instruments, the signal acquired from the body of human beings require advanced methodology for detection, decomposition, processing and classification of all biomedical signal. The EMG signal is stochastic in nature and it becomes difficult to quantify and interpret the processed signal. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the various methodologies of DSP for EMG signal processing to provide efficient and effective ways of understanding the signal and its nature.","PeriodicalId":375470,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomechatronics and Biomedical Robotics","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127110292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-07DOI: 10.1504/IJBBR.2010.033027
D. Joshi, S. Anand
This paper present an application of cross correlation coefficient (CCC) to predict knee angle and propose a novel method to design unilateral transfemoral prosthesis. The phase lag at which peak CCC occurs is used to predict knee angle. Sixteen healthy subjects were required to walk in movement analysis lab. Circular cross correlation was preferred as the knee angle time series is periodic while walking. An error profile was generated to assess the suitability of this technique. One sampled t-test shows the mean error of 4.9° to 7.9° with 95% confidence interval. Thus, phase lag algorithm has the potential to be implemented in hardware to design adaptive unilateral transfemoral prosthesis.
{"title":"Study of circular cross correlation and phase lag to estimate knee angle: an application to prosthesis","authors":"D. Joshi, S. Anand","doi":"10.1504/IJBBR.2010.033027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBBR.2010.033027","url":null,"abstract":"This paper present an application of cross correlation coefficient (CCC) to predict knee angle and propose a novel method to design unilateral transfemoral prosthesis. The phase lag at which peak CCC occurs is used to predict knee angle. Sixteen healthy subjects were required to walk in movement analysis lab. Circular cross correlation was preferred as the knee angle time series is periodic while walking. An error profile was generated to assess the suitability of this technique. One sampled t-test shows the mean error of 4.9° to 7.9° with 95% confidence interval. Thus, phase lag algorithm has the potential to be implemented in hardware to design adaptive unilateral transfemoral prosthesis.","PeriodicalId":375470,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomechatronics and Biomedical Robotics","volume":"10 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124912261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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