Pub Date : 1991-04-15DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153100
W.J. Frey
Various types of electric variable speed motor drives are available for variable torque loads, typically pumps and fans. Constant torque loads present a more arduous duty to the drive. The author covers the concept of the variable speed synchronous motor drive, addressing its operation, system performance and benefits, and some application considerations. An example of a 2000 hp Banbury mixer drive is presented. A Banbury mixer is a heavy-duty batch mixer, with two counterrotating rotors, for doughy material, and is used in the plastics and rubber industries.<>
{"title":"A high efficiency-large horsepower VSD for a Banbury mixer","authors":"W.J. Frey","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153100","url":null,"abstract":"Various types of electric variable speed motor drives are available for variable torque loads, typically pumps and fans. Constant torque loads present a more arduous duty to the drive. The author covers the concept of the variable speed synchronous motor drive, addressing its operation, system performance and benefits, and some application considerations. An example of a 2000 hp Banbury mixer drive is presented. A Banbury mixer is a heavy-duty batch mixer, with two counterrotating rotors, for doughy material, and is used in the plastics and rubber industries.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":375511,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1991 Forty-third Annual Conference Electrical Engineering Problems in the Rubber and Plastics Industries","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124553329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-15DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153108
G. Tausch
Choosing the best CAD system for a company is no simple matter. A discussion of the concerns that each company must study is provided for each central issue. The central issues covered are the following: product development (i.e. whether everyone understands the factors involved in engineering, drafting, and manufacturing the products electronically); company size and growth plans; management support; finance (how much can be spent); and proper selection of a solid modeler.<>
{"title":"MCAE/CAD/CAM guidelines","authors":"G. Tausch","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153108","url":null,"abstract":"Choosing the best CAD system for a company is no simple matter. A discussion of the concerns that each company must study is provided for each central issue. The central issues covered are the following: product development (i.e. whether everyone understands the factors involved in engineering, drafting, and manufacturing the products electronically); company size and growth plans; management support; finance (how much can be spent); and proper selection of a solid modeler.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":375511,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1991 Forty-third Annual Conference Electrical Engineering Problems in the Rubber and Plastics Industries","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116984186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-15DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153102
F. Jaeger, J. Beaudoin
The authors show how CIM techniques can be applied to meet the need for improving the quality and efficiency of rubber mixing facilities and to integrate existing procedures effectively into the CIM environment. The following topics are briefly covered: production scheduling and tracking; recipe management and maintenance; ingredient batch testing and quality control data collection; inventory management and tracking; accurate automatic and manual material dispensing/weighing; critical weight/ingredient/lot data collection; batch identification and tracking; critical mixer process control/data collection; alarming and logging of procedural and process deviations; operator procedure tracking; access security and validation; long-term data storage and management; data presentation and reporting; and the management information system link.<>
{"title":"Advanced CIM techniques","authors":"F. Jaeger, J. Beaudoin","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153102","url":null,"abstract":"The authors show how CIM techniques can be applied to meet the need for improving the quality and efficiency of rubber mixing facilities and to integrate existing procedures effectively into the CIM environment. The following topics are briefly covered: production scheduling and tracking; recipe management and maintenance; ingredient batch testing and quality control data collection; inventory management and tracking; accurate automatic and manual material dispensing/weighing; critical weight/ingredient/lot data collection; batch identification and tracking; critical mixer process control/data collection; alarming and logging of procedural and process deviations; operator procedure tracking; access security and validation; long-term data storage and management; data presentation and reporting; and the management information system link.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":375511,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1991 Forty-third Annual Conference Electrical Engineering Problems in the Rubber and Plastics Industries","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128600970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-15DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153110
K. Watt
Design practices are outlined which are intended to improve the throughput from PLCs through LANs to display panels while decreasing communications to the PLCs. The result of less activity on the network will also boost the scan speed of the PLCs, which have to do the real work. Ordinary techniques of using mailboxes in an intermediate device, as well as updating by exception through the use of ladder logic, are briefly discussed.<>
{"title":"LAN stress management","authors":"K. Watt","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153110","url":null,"abstract":"Design practices are outlined which are intended to improve the throughput from PLCs through LANs to display panels while decreasing communications to the PLCs. The result of less activity on the network will also boost the scan speed of the PLCs, which have to do the real work. Ordinary techniques of using mailboxes in an intermediate device, as well as updating by exception through the use of ladder logic, are briefly discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":375511,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1991 Forty-third Annual Conference Electrical Engineering Problems in the Rubber and Plastics Industries","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130893444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-15DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153101
H. Schreiber
The mechanism of processing rubber compounds in an internal mixer creates a tough, demanding application for which a vector-controlled AC variable frequency drive was found to be eminently suitable. A 1500 hp, 2300 volt, current-fed inverter was successfully applied to this common industrial process. A description is presented of the control strategy, drive construction and operation, and application considerations. Operating results are discussed.<>
{"title":"The application of a vector controlled AC drive for internal batch mixing of rubber compounds","authors":"H. Schreiber","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153101","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanism of processing rubber compounds in an internal mixer creates a tough, demanding application for which a vector-controlled AC variable frequency drive was found to be eminently suitable. A 1500 hp, 2300 volt, current-fed inverter was successfully applied to this common industrial process. A description is presented of the control strategy, drive construction and operation, and application considerations. Operating results are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":375511,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1991 Forty-third Annual Conference Electrical Engineering Problems in the Rubber and Plastics Industries","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130071270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-15DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153111
D. Collins
There has been tremendous growth in connectivity options in modern programmable controllers. Modern databases have become more accessible to applications and multiple computer platforms; databases have become more friendly. In parallel with these developments, the manufacturing organization has changed. A discussion is presented of the benefits and costs of combining these tools. The system that is created also results in the shrinking of level two of the five-level manufacturing model.<>
{"title":"Database meets programmable controller (the shrinking of level two)","authors":"D. Collins","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153111","url":null,"abstract":"There has been tremendous growth in connectivity options in modern programmable controllers. Modern databases have become more accessible to applications and multiple computer platforms; databases have become more friendly. In parallel with these developments, the manufacturing organization has changed. A discussion is presented of the benefits and costs of combining these tools. The system that is created also results in the shrinking of level two of the five-level manufacturing model.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":375511,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1991 Forty-third Annual Conference Electrical Engineering Problems in the Rubber and Plastics Industries","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125570646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-15DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153104
D. Giancola
Sophisticated molding machines are often controlled by a system composed of several devices from a number of different manufacturers. The integration of a control system, as well as the process itself, constantly presents challenges and ever-changing variables in injection molding. Although complex algorithms are designed to compensate for anticipated upsets in the process, the inability to control the unforeseen dynamic variables constantly presents challenges for each portion of the process, and effectively reduces the quality of the end product. With the introduction of a feature known as expert response compensation (ERC), a fully automated control system constantly analyzes the machine's response and makes the necessary corrections to ensure that each portion of the process is performed according to the predetermined set points. An examination is made of the use of ERC for injection process control.<>
{"title":"Expert response compensation for injection process controls","authors":"D. Giancola","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153104","url":null,"abstract":"Sophisticated molding machines are often controlled by a system composed of several devices from a number of different manufacturers. The integration of a control system, as well as the process itself, constantly presents challenges and ever-changing variables in injection molding. Although complex algorithms are designed to compensate for anticipated upsets in the process, the inability to control the unforeseen dynamic variables constantly presents challenges for each portion of the process, and effectively reduces the quality of the end product. With the introduction of a feature known as expert response compensation (ERC), a fully automated control system constantly analyzes the machine's response and makes the necessary corrections to ensure that each portion of the process is performed according to the predetermined set points. An examination is made of the use of ERC for injection process control.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":375511,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1991 Forty-third Annual Conference Electrical Engineering Problems in the Rubber and Plastics Industries","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130778547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-15DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153114
J. R. Bates, C. Bickel
A solution is presented to the problem of measuring and controlling the thickness of individual sheets on a multiple-strip rubber calender. The solution incorporates a proven, accurate, single-sided sensor interfaced to a powerful microcomputer for data handling, displays, control, reports and communications. The technique is based on the principle of Compton photon backscatter. The compactness of the sensor, ease of installation of the required equipment, easy-to-use touch screen video and overall reliability have been demonstrated on a relatively complex gum calender.<>
{"title":"Gamma backscatter thickness measurement for control of multiple-strip rubber calenders","authors":"J. R. Bates, C. Bickel","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153114","url":null,"abstract":"A solution is presented to the problem of measuring and controlling the thickness of individual sheets on a multiple-strip rubber calender. The solution incorporates a proven, accurate, single-sided sensor interfaced to a powerful microcomputer for data handling, displays, control, reports and communications. The technique is based on the principle of Compton photon backscatter. The compactness of the sensor, ease of installation of the required equipment, easy-to-use touch screen video and overall reliability have been demonstrated on a relatively complex gum calender.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":375511,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1991 Forty-third Annual Conference Electrical Engineering Problems in the Rubber and Plastics Industries","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128137841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-15DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153105
N. Akasaka, Y. Onaka, Y. Tsutsui, S. Hattori
An automatic profile digital control system is presented which is based on a fundamental control system. The fundamental control system measures the film thickness at five points corresponding to five actuators, and controls the thickness at the location corresponding to the position of the central actuator at the specified value by using the five actuators. The basic idea is that in order to effect thickness control along the total width of the film, the fundamental control system will be applied to every thickness control point. It was designed by the state-prediction servo control theory, which solves such difficulties as a large amount of dead time and interaction between film thickness and actuators. Its practicality has been verified through testing. Tests were conducted for biaxially oriented polyester film by using a lip heater type die and for nonoriented polypropylene film by using a heat bolts type die. It was found that in this control system, the time to reach steady state was reduced and an accurate profile was obtained.<>
{"title":"Development of a film profile control system in a film plant","authors":"N. Akasaka, Y. Onaka, Y. Tsutsui, S. Hattori","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153105","url":null,"abstract":"An automatic profile digital control system is presented which is based on a fundamental control system. The fundamental control system measures the film thickness at five points corresponding to five actuators, and controls the thickness at the location corresponding to the position of the central actuator at the specified value by using the five actuators. The basic idea is that in order to effect thickness control along the total width of the film, the fundamental control system will be applied to every thickness control point. It was designed by the state-prediction servo control theory, which solves such difficulties as a large amount of dead time and interaction between film thickness and actuators. Its practicality has been verified through testing. Tests were conducted for biaxially oriented polyester film by using a lip heater type die and for nonoriented polypropylene film by using a heat bolts type die. It was found that in this control system, the time to reach steady state was reduced and an accurate profile was obtained.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":375511,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1991 Forty-third Annual Conference Electrical Engineering Problems in the Rubber and Plastics Industries","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124063978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-04-15DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153107
V.E. Noviski
It is shown that dual detector photoelectric proximity sensors offer the most reliable, cost effective solution for black-on-black sensing, e.g. the detection of a black extrusion on a black conveyor. These sensors combine the desirable characteristics of high excess gain and sharp cut-off. Applications for the sensors abound throughout the tire manufacturing process, including cut-to-length control, splice detection, splice measurement, and strip guidance. Photoelectric proximity sensor fundamentals are reviewed, and factors and requirements involved in designing these sensors are discussed.<>
{"title":"Black on black sensing methods","authors":"V.E. Noviski","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1991.153107","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown that dual detector photoelectric proximity sensors offer the most reliable, cost effective solution for black-on-black sensing, e.g. the detection of a black extrusion on a black conveyor. These sensors combine the desirable characteristics of high excess gain and sharp cut-off. Applications for the sensors abound throughout the tire manufacturing process, including cut-to-length control, splice detection, splice measurement, and strip guidance. Photoelectric proximity sensor fundamentals are reviewed, and factors and requirements involved in designing these sensors are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":375511,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1991 Forty-third Annual Conference Electrical Engineering Problems in the Rubber and Plastics Industries","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124139672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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