In the realm of technological market penetration of solar photovoltaiclouvers (PVL) addressing environmental difficulties and the industrialrevolution, a new avenue of renewable energy is introduced. Moreover,solar energy exploitation through building façades was addressedthrough motorized solar photovoltaic louvers (MPVL). On the otherhand, proponents exalted the benefits of MPVL overlooking the typicalanalyses. In this communication, we attempted to perform a thoroughindustrial system evaluation of the MPVL. This communication presentsa methodology to validate the industrial claims about MPVL devices andtheir economic efficiency and the insight on how geographical locationinfluences their utilization and augment their potential benefits. This taskis carried out by evaluating the extent of solar energy that can be harvestedusing solar photovoltaic system (PVSYST) software and investigatingwhether existing product claims are associated with MPVL are feasible indifferent locations. The performance and operational losses (temperature,internal network, power electronics) were evaluated. To design and assessthe performance of different configurations based on the geographicalanalogy, simulation tools were successfully carried out based on differenttopographical locations. Based on these findings, various factors affect theemployment of MPVL such as geographical and weather conditions, solarirradiation, and installation efficiency. tt is assumed that we successfullyshed light and provided insights into the complexity associated withMPVL.
{"title":"Performance Assessment of Motorized Solar Photovoltaic Louvers System Using PVSYST Software","authors":"Hussein Safwat Hasan Hasan, Humor Hwang","doi":"10.30564/ese.v3i2.4077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/ese.v3i2.4077","url":null,"abstract":"In the realm of technological market penetration of solar photovoltaiclouvers (PVL) addressing environmental difficulties and the industrialrevolution, a new avenue of renewable energy is introduced. Moreover,solar energy exploitation through building façades was addressedthrough motorized solar photovoltaic louvers (MPVL). On the otherhand, proponents exalted the benefits of MPVL overlooking the typicalanalyses. In this communication, we attempted to perform a thoroughindustrial system evaluation of the MPVL. This communication presentsa methodology to validate the industrial claims about MPVL devices andtheir economic efficiency and the insight on how geographical locationinfluences their utilization and augment their potential benefits. This taskis carried out by evaluating the extent of solar energy that can be harvestedusing solar photovoltaic system (PVSYST) software and investigatingwhether existing product claims are associated with MPVL are feasible indifferent locations. The performance and operational losses (temperature,internal network, power electronics) were evaluated. To design and assessthe performance of different configurations based on the geographicalanalogy, simulation tools were successfully carried out based on differenttopographical locations. Based on these findings, various factors affect theemployment of MPVL such as geographical and weather conditions, solarirradiation, and installation efficiency. tt is assumed that we successfullyshed light and provided insights into the complexity associated withMPVL.","PeriodicalId":375676,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Science & Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122267133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today the intelligent systems are technological implemented as advanced machines [1] which have high perception, interaction and response to the real world being in much cases an extension of the reality, anticipating events,intertwining remote events, saving life and predicting preferences of human been [2,3] through of robust programming and electronic systems with high performance, optimization and design in operations where are required machines with an strong and complete interacting with the environment [2]; environment which also goes increasing until; in the very near future, to the ends of the Universe.
{"title":"The Development and Creation of Intelligent Systems in the next one hundred years","authors":"F. Bulnes","doi":"10.30564/ese.v3i2.4099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/ese.v3i2.4099","url":null,"abstract":"Today the intelligent systems are technological implemented as advanced machines [1] which have high perception, interaction and response to the real world being in much cases an extension of the reality, anticipating events,intertwining remote events, saving life and predicting preferences of human been [2,3] through of robust programming and electronic systems with high performance, optimization and design in operations where are required machines with an strong and complete interacting with the environment [2]; environment which also goes increasing until; in the very near future, to the ends of the Universe.","PeriodicalId":375676,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Science & Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124244869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the current time there is an important problem that is for a received linear or nonlinear binary sequence {zn} how we can find the nonlinear feedback shift register and its linear equivalent which generate this sequence. The linear orthogonal sequences, special M-Sequences, play a big role in these methods for solving this problem. In the current research trying give illuminations about the methods which are very useful for solving this problem under short sequences, and study these methods for finding the nonlinear feedback shift register of a multiplication sequence and its linear equivalent feedback shift register of a received multiplication binary sequence{zn} where the multiplication on h degrees of a binary linear sequence {an}, or finding the equivalent linear feedback shift register of {zn}, where the sequence {zn}of the form M-sequence, and these methods are very effectively. We can extend these methods for the large sequences using programming and modern computers with large memory.
{"title":"Finding Non-liner Register on Binary M-Sequence Generating Binary Multiplication Sequence","authors":"Ahmad Hamza Al Cheikha, Diana Mokayes","doi":"10.30564/ese.v3i2.4036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/ese.v3i2.4036","url":null,"abstract":"In the current time there is an important problem that is for a received linear or nonlinear binary sequence {zn} how we can find the nonlinear feedback shift register and its linear equivalent which generate this sequence. The linear orthogonal sequences, special M-Sequences, play a big role in these methods for solving this problem. In the current research trying give illuminations about the methods which are very useful for solving this problem under short sequences, and study these methods for finding the nonlinear feedback shift register of a multiplication sequence and its linear equivalent feedback shift register of a received multiplication binary sequence{zn} where the multiplication on h degrees of a binary linear sequence {an}, or finding the equivalent linear feedback shift register of {zn}, where the sequence {zn}of the form M-sequence, and these methods are very effectively. We can extend these methods for the large sequences using programming and modern computers with large memory.","PeriodicalId":375676,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Science & Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128570064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes algorithm for Increasing Virtual Machine Security Strategy in Cloud Computing computations. Imbalance between load and energy has been one of the disadvantages of old methods in providing server and hosting, so that if two virtual severs be active on a host and energy load be more on a host, it would allocated the energy of other hosts (virtual host) to itself to stay steady and this option usually leads to hardware overflow errors and users dissatisfaction. This problem has been removed in methods based on cloud processing but not perfectly, therefore,providing an algorithm not only will implement a suitable security background but also it will suitably divide energy consumption and load balancing among virtual severs. The proposed algorithm is compared with several previously proposed Security Strategy including SC-PSSF, PSSF and DEEAC. Comparisons show that the proposed method offers high performance computing, efficiency and consumes lower energy in the network.
{"title":"Representing Increasing Virtual Machine Security Strategy in Cloud Computing Computations","authors":"Mohammad Shirzadi","doi":"10.30564/ese.v3i2.3786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/ese.v3i2.3786","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes algorithm for Increasing Virtual Machine Security Strategy in Cloud Computing computations. Imbalance between load and energy has been one of the disadvantages of old methods in providing server and hosting, so that if two virtual severs be active on a host and energy load be more on a host, it would allocated the energy of other hosts (virtual host) to itself to stay steady and this option usually leads to hardware overflow errors and users dissatisfaction. This problem has been removed in methods based on cloud processing but not perfectly, therefore,providing an algorithm not only will implement a suitable security background but also it will suitably divide energy consumption and load balancing among virtual severs. The proposed algorithm is compared with several previously proposed Security Strategy including SC-PSSF, PSSF and DEEAC. Comparisons show that the proposed method offers high performance computing, efficiency and consumes lower energy in the network.","PeriodicalId":375676,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Science & Engineering","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126982310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Daffalla Elradi, Khalid Abass Abdelmaged, Mutaz Mohammad
As cyber threats and attacks are immensely increasing and broadly spreading catastrophically worldwide, cyber security professionals need to cope up with such a highly demanding environment. Security teams, such as Security operation Centre (SOC), Incident Response (IR) and Threat management teams are the people responsible for dealing with cyber security threats and attacks from detection to containment and preventing future incidents; which encompasses some significant challenges that might impose some limitations to the efficiency and effectiveness of activities cyber security professionals conduct, as these processes are time-consuming. In this paper we propose an integrated platform to help cyber security professionals to proactively manage cyber security threats and emerging incidents by providing an automated functionality that can optimize the workflow. The proposed security platform is supposed to diminish the average time taken by cyber security professionals to respond to cyber incidents with an average of 42%. This study can be used as a preliminary design for such an integrated platform.
{"title":"Cyber Security Professionals’ Challenges: A Proposed Integrated Platform Solution","authors":"Mohammed Daffalla Elradi, Khalid Abass Abdelmaged, Mutaz Mohammad","doi":"10.30564/ESE.V3I2.3376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/ESE.V3I2.3376","url":null,"abstract":"As cyber threats and attacks are immensely increasing and broadly spreading catastrophically worldwide, cyber security professionals need to cope up with such a highly demanding environment. Security teams, such as Security operation Centre (SOC), Incident Response (IR) and Threat management teams are the people responsible for dealing with cyber security threats and attacks from detection to containment and preventing future incidents; which encompasses some significant challenges that might impose some limitations to the efficiency and effectiveness of activities cyber security professionals conduct, as these processes are time-consuming. In this paper we propose an integrated platform to help cyber security professionals to proactively manage cyber security threats and emerging incidents by providing an automated functionality that can optimize the workflow. The proposed security platform is supposed to diminish the average time taken by cyber security professionals to respond to cyber incidents with an average of 42%. This study can be used as a preliminary design for such an integrated platform.","PeriodicalId":375676,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Science & Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125004317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
he Generalized Markov Fluid Model (GMFM) is assumed for modeling sources in the network because it is versatile to describe the traffic fluctuations. In order to estimate resources allocations or in other words the channel occupation of each source, the concept of effective bandwidth (EB) proposed by Kelly [5] is used. In this paper we use an expression to determine the EB for this model which is of particular interest because it allows expressing said magnitude depending on the parameters of the model. This paper provides EB estimates for this model applying Kernel Estimation techniques in data networking. In particular we will study two differentiated cases: dispatches following a Gaussian and Exponential distribution. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed using simulated traffic traces generated by Monte Carlo Markov Chain algorithms. The estimation process worked much better in the Gaussian distribution case than in the Exponential one.
{"title":"Effective bandwidth estimation in data networks: an analysis for two traffic characterizations","authors":"José Bavio, Carina Fernández, Beatriz Marrón","doi":"10.30564/ESE.V3I1.3368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/ESE.V3I1.3368","url":null,"abstract":"he Generalized Markov Fluid Model (GMFM) is assumed for modeling sources in the network because it is versatile to describe the traffic fluctuations. In order to estimate resources allocations or in other words the channel occupation of each source, the concept of effective bandwidth (EB) proposed by Kelly [5] is used. In this paper we use an expression to determine the EB for this model which is of particular interest because it allows expressing said magnitude depending on the parameters of the model. This paper provides EB estimates for this model applying Kernel Estimation techniques in data networking. In particular we will study two differentiated cases: dispatches following a Gaussian and Exponential distribution. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed using simulated traffic traces generated by Monte Carlo Markov Chain algorithms. The estimation process worked much better in the Gaussian distribution case than in the Exponential one.","PeriodicalId":375676,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Science & Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114374584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thought communications with an associative-communicative robot are carried out through the spectral neurointerface of internal speech.Internal speech is an energy physiological process.Internal speech is vibration from the mental vibration of thought.Mental vibration of thought is a process in the mental ethereal field.The vibrations of thoughts are reflected and observed by the mind in the form of semantic sensual images.Vibrations of semantic sensual images generate vibrations of internal speech action (internal speech) in the form of language communicative and associative stereotypes which are perceived by a touch zone of a brain of Wernicke.Internal speech is a linguistic mental vibration.It is felt and becomes internally audible and drawn to attention.The perception of vibrations of internal speech is carried out through energy channels,such as the internal posterior median canal of the spine.The spectral neurointerface perceives these vibrations.Neocortex makes us a reasonable person - allows us to think and talk.The spectral neurointerface is based on the principles of biosensors,bioenergy detectors,spectral analyzers and electrocorticography for neuroimaging parts of the brain that record vibrations of internal speech,such as the lower frontal gyrus,the upper and middle temporal gyrus,the medial prefrontal cortex,the hind parts of the wedge and precline and the dark temporal region,including the posterior Internal speech activity is associated with the semantic memory of the neocortex.
{"title":"Mental Communication of Internal Speech with Communicative Associative Robot via Spectral Neurointerface","authors":"E. Bryndin","doi":"10.30564/ESE.V3I1.3255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/ESE.V3I1.3255","url":null,"abstract":"Thought communications with an associative-communicative robot are carried out through the spectral neurointerface of internal speech.Internal speech is an energy physiological process.Internal speech is vibration from the mental vibration of thought.Mental vibration of thought is a process in the mental ethereal field.The vibrations of thoughts are reflected and observed by the mind in the form of semantic sensual images.Vibrations of semantic sensual images generate vibrations of internal speech action (internal speech) in the form of language communicative and associative stereotypes which are perceived by a touch zone of a brain of Wernicke.Internal speech is a linguistic mental vibration.It is felt and becomes internally audible and drawn to attention.The perception of vibrations of internal speech is carried out through energy channels,such as the internal posterior median canal of the spine.The spectral neurointerface perceives these vibrations.Neocortex makes us a reasonable person - allows us to think and talk.The spectral neurointerface is based on the principles of biosensors,bioenergy detectors,spectral analyzers and electrocorticography for neuroimaging parts of the brain that record vibrations of internal speech,such as the lower frontal gyrus,the upper and middle temporal gyrus,the medial prefrontal cortex,the hind parts of the wedge and precline and the dark temporal region,including the posterior Internal speech activity is associated with the semantic memory of the neocortex.","PeriodicalId":375676,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Science & Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128726188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed H. Aburawwash, M. Eissa, A. Barakat, Hossam M. Hafez
A more accurate determination for the Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD) of the Safety Instrumented System (SIS) contributes to more SIS realiability, thereby ensuring more safety and lower cost. IEC 61508 and ISA TR.84.02 provide the PFD detemination formulas. However, these formulas suffer from an uncertaity issue due to the inclusion of uncertainty sources, which, including high redundant systems architectures, cannot be assessed, have perfect proof test assumption, and are neglegted in partial stroke testing (PST) of impact on the system PFD. On the other hand, determining the values of PFD variables to achieve the target risk reduction involves daunting efforts and consumes time. This paper proposes a new approach for system PFD determination and PFD variables optimization that contributes to reduce the uncertainty problem. A higher redundant system can be assessed by generalizing the PFD formula into KooN architecture without neglecting the diagnostic coverage factor (DC) and common cause failures (CCF). In order to simulate the proof test effectiveness, the Proof Test Coverage (PTC) factor has been incorporated into the formula. Additionally, the system PFD value has been improved by incorporating PST for the final control element into the formula. The new developed formula is modelled using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) artificial technique. The GA model saves time and effort to examine system PFD and estimate near optimal values for PFD variables. The proposed model has been applicated on SIS design for crude oil test separator using MATLAB. The comparison between the proposed model and PFD formulas provided by IEC 61508 and ISA TR.84.02 showed that the proposed GA model can assess any system structure and simulate industrial reality. Furthermore, the cost and associated implementation testing activities are reduced.
更准确地确定安全仪表系统(SIS)的按需故障概率(PFD)有助于提高SIS的可靠性，从而确保更高的安全性和更低的成本。IEC 61508和ISA TR.84.02提供了PFD的测定公式。然而，由于包含不确定性源，这些公式存在不确定性问题，这些不确定性源包括高冗余系统架构，无法评估，具有完美的证明测试假设，并且在部分冲程测试(PST)中忽略了对系统PFD的影响。另一方面，确定PFD变量的值以达到降低风险的目标需要耗费大量的精力和时间。本文提出了一种新的系统PFD确定和PFD变量优化方法，有助于减少不确定性问题。通过将PFD公式推广到KooN体系结构中，可以在不忽略诊断覆盖因子(DC)和共因故障(CCF)的情况下评估更高冗余的系统。为了模拟验证测试的有效性，在公式中加入了验证测试覆盖率(proof test Coverage, PTC)因子。此外，通过将最终控制元素的PST纳入公式，系统PFD值得到了提高。利用遗传算法(GA)人工技术对新公式进行建模。遗传算法模型节省了检查系统PFD和估计PFD变量的近最优值的时间和精力。该模型已通过MATLAB应用于原油试验分离器的SIS设计中。将该模型与IEC 61508和ISA TR.84.02提供的PFD公式进行了比较，结果表明该遗传算法可以对任何系统结构进行评估，并能模拟工业实际。此外，降低了成本和相关的实现测试活动。
{"title":"Genetic Algorithm Optimization Model for Determining the Probability of Failure on Demand of the Safety Instrumented System","authors":"Ahmed H. Aburawwash, M. Eissa, A. Barakat, Hossam M. Hafez","doi":"10.30564/ese.v1i2.994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/ese.v1i2.994","url":null,"abstract":"A more accurate determination for the Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD) of the Safety Instrumented System (SIS) contributes to more SIS realiability, thereby ensuring more safety and lower cost. IEC 61508 and ISA TR.84.02 provide the PFD detemination formulas. However, these formulas suffer from an uncertaity issue due to the inclusion of uncertainty sources, which, including high redundant systems architectures, cannot be assessed, have perfect proof test assumption, and are neglegted in partial stroke testing (PST) of impact on the system PFD. On the other hand, determining the values of PFD variables to achieve the target risk reduction involves daunting efforts and consumes time. This paper proposes a new approach for system PFD determination and PFD variables optimization that contributes to reduce the uncertainty problem. A higher redundant system can be assessed by generalizing the PFD formula into KooN architecture without neglecting the diagnostic coverage factor (DC) and common cause failures (CCF). In order to simulate the proof test effectiveness, the Proof Test Coverage (PTC) factor has been incorporated into the formula. Additionally, the system PFD value has been improved by incorporating PST for the final control element into the formula. The new developed formula is modelled using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) artificial technique. The GA model saves time and effort to examine system PFD and estimate near optimal values for PFD variables. The proposed model has been applicated on SIS design for crude oil test separator using MATLAB. The comparison between the proposed model and PFD formulas provided by IEC 61508 and ISA TR.84.02 showed that the proposed GA model can assess any system structure and simulate industrial reality. Furthermore, the cost and associated implementation testing activities are reduced.","PeriodicalId":375676,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Science & Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131423529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In distribution systems, voltage levels of the various buses should be maintained within the permissible limits for satisfactory operation of all electrical installations and equipment. The task of voltage control is closely associated with fluctuating load conditions and corresponding requirements of reactive power compensation. The problem of load bus voltage optimization in distribution systems that have distributed generation (DG) has recently become an issue. In Oman, the distribution code limits the load bus voltage variations within ±6% of the nominal value. Several voltage control methods are employed in active distribution systems with a high share of photovoltaic systems (PV) to keep the voltage levels within the desirable limits. In addition to the constraint of targeting the best voltage profile, another constraint has to be achieved which is the minimum loss in the distribution network. An optimised solution for voltage of load busses with on-load tap-changing (OLTC) tarnsformers and PV sources is presesnted in this paper. This study addresses the problem of optimizing the injected power from PV systems associated with the facilities of tap-changing transformers, as it is an important means of controlling voltage throughout the system. To avoid violating tap-changing constraints, a method is depicted for determining the minimal changes in transformer taps to control voltage levels with distributed PV sources. The taps of a range + 5 to -15 %, can be achieved by tap-changing transformers. The OLTC operation was designed to keep the secondary bus within the voltage standard for MV networks.
{"title":"Optimal PV Allocation & Minimal tap-Changing Transformers Achieving Best Distribution Voltage Profile & Minimum Losses in Active Distribution Networks","authors":"H. Soliman","doi":"10.30564/ese.v1i2.1188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/ese.v1i2.1188","url":null,"abstract":"In distribution systems, voltage levels of the various buses should be maintained within the permissible limits for satisfactory operation of all electrical installations and equipment. The task of voltage control is closely associated with fluctuating load conditions and corresponding requirements of reactive power compensation. The problem of load bus voltage optimization in distribution systems that have distributed generation (DG) has recently become an issue. In Oman, the distribution code limits the load bus voltage variations within ±6% of the nominal value. Several voltage control methods are employed in active distribution systems with a high share of photovoltaic systems (PV) to keep the voltage levels within the desirable limits. In addition to the constraint of targeting the best voltage profile, another constraint has to be achieved which is the minimum loss in the distribution network. An optimised solution for voltage of load busses with on-load tap-changing (OLTC) tarnsformers and PV sources is presesnted in this paper. This study addresses the problem of optimizing the injected power from PV systems associated with the facilities of tap-changing transformers, as it is an important means of controlling voltage throughout the system. To avoid violating tap-changing constraints, a method is depicted for determining the minimal changes in transformer taps to control voltage levels with distributed PV sources. The taps of a range + 5 to -15 %, can be achieved by tap-changing transformers. The OLTC operation was designed to keep the secondary bus within the voltage standard for MV networks.","PeriodicalId":375676,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Science & Engineering","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125219306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Baidillah, Z. Gao, Al Amin Saichul Iman, M. Takei
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) as a non-invasive of electrical conductivity imaging method commonly employs the stationary-coefficient based filters (such as FFT) in order to remove the noise signal. In the practical applications, the stationary-coefficient based filters fail to remove the time-varying random noise which leads to the lack of impedance measurement sensitivity. In this paper, the implementation of adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) algorithms which are Least Mean Square (LMS) and Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS) filters onto Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based EIT system is proposed in order to eliminate the time-varying random noise signal. The proposed method was evaluated through experimental studies with biomaterial phantom. The reconstructed EIT images with NLMS is better than the images with LMS by amplitude response AR = 12.5%, position error PE = 200%, resolution RES = 33%, and shape deformation SD = 66%. Moreover, the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) performances of power spectral density (PSD) and the effective number of bit ENOB with NLMS is higher than the performances with LMS by SI = 5.7 % and ENOB = 15.4 %. The results showed that implementing ANC algorithms onto FPGA-based EIT system shows significantly more accurate image reconstruction as compared without ANC algorithms implementation.
{"title":"Adaptive Noise Cancellation Algorithms Implemented onto FPGA-Based Electrical Impedance Tomography System","authors":"M. Baidillah, Z. Gao, Al Amin Saichul Iman, M. Takei","doi":"10.30564/ese.v1i2.1043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/ese.v1i2.1043","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) as a non-invasive of electrical conductivity imaging method commonly employs the stationary-coefficient based filters (such as FFT) in order to remove the noise signal. In the practical applications, the stationary-coefficient based filters fail to remove the time-varying random noise which leads to the lack of impedance measurement sensitivity. In this paper, the implementation of adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) algorithms which are Least Mean Square (LMS) and Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS) filters onto Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based EIT system is proposed in order to eliminate the time-varying random noise signal. The proposed method was evaluated through experimental studies with biomaterial phantom. The reconstructed EIT images with NLMS is better than the images with LMS by amplitude response AR = 12.5%, position error PE = 200%, resolution RES = 33%, and shape deformation SD = 66%. Moreover, the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) performances of power spectral density (PSD) and the effective number of bit ENOB with NLMS is higher than the performances with LMS by SI = 5.7 % and ENOB = 15.4 %. The results showed that implementing ANC algorithms onto FPGA-based EIT system shows significantly more accurate image reconstruction as compared without ANC algorithms implementation.","PeriodicalId":375676,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Science & Engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114896380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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