Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s07.10
Laurențiu Munteanu, M. Suvar, F. Manea, L. Tuhuț, Andrada Denisa Matei
The significant increase in the price of energy resources leads today's society not only to a reconsideration of energy conservation policies but also to the encouragement of architects, builders, and building owners to use thermal insulation and exterior wall finishing systems. The design of thermal insulation for facades is a constructive decision, in which the layer with thermal insulation properties is fixed on the load-bearing side of the walls, with the help of adhesives and/or by mechanical means, followed by the application of a reinforcement and finishing layer. These operations have the role of ensuring the normative values of the thermal indicators specific to the wall structures, their protection against environmental influences, ensuring the optimal microclimate of the interior compartments of the building as well as providing an attractive, aesthetic appearance to the facades and structural elements. Wet exterior cladding or composite thermal insulation systems using polystyrene (ETICS) provide a complete and very cost-effective solution to meet the above-described goals. However, multiple examples of fires in the scientific literature, with the spread of fire on the support of thermal insulation and finishing systems of buildings, indicate their particular danger. This fire risk is directly related to the chosen structural solution for cladding and the type of thermal insulation material used, being also influenced by noncompliance or violation of specific technical regulations or rules on the fire safety of materials and buildings. Through the application of CFD-based computational fire field models, the associated risks for a custom 7-storey building with external cladding were considered in this study. The aim was to observe the fire spread on one side of the building, insulated using the ETICS exterior insulation and finishing system. As an insulating material, two types of expanded polystyrene (EPS) were used, with different fire resistance properties. The study results demonstrate the importance of choosing the right technical solution in terms of fire safety and the need to apply methods to limit the vertical spread of fire.
{"title":"NUMERICAL STUDY ON FIRE HAZARD ASSOCIATED TO EXTERNAL THERMAL INSULATION CLADDING SYSTEMS","authors":"Laurențiu Munteanu, M. Suvar, F. Manea, L. Tuhuț, Andrada Denisa Matei","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s07.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s07.10","url":null,"abstract":"The significant increase in the price of energy resources leads today's society not only to a reconsideration of energy conservation policies but also to the encouragement of architects, builders, and building owners to use thermal insulation and exterior wall finishing systems. The design of thermal insulation for facades is a constructive decision, in which the layer with thermal insulation properties is fixed on the load-bearing side of the walls, with the help of adhesives and/or by mechanical means, followed by the application of a reinforcement and finishing layer. These operations have the role of ensuring the normative values of the thermal indicators specific to the wall structures, their protection against environmental influences, ensuring the optimal microclimate of the interior compartments of the building as well as providing an attractive, aesthetic appearance to the facades and structural elements. \u0000Wet exterior cladding or composite thermal insulation systems using polystyrene (ETICS) provide a complete and very cost-effective solution to meet the above-described goals. \u0000However, multiple examples of fires in the scientific literature, with the spread of fire on the support of thermal insulation and finishing systems of buildings, indicate their particular danger. This fire risk is directly related to the chosen structural solution for cladding and the type of thermal insulation material used, being also influenced by noncompliance or violation of specific technical regulations or rules on the fire safety of materials and buildings. \u0000Through the application of CFD-based computational fire field models, the associated risks for a custom 7-storey building with external cladding were considered in this study. The aim was to observe the fire spread on one side of the building, insulated using the ETICS exterior insulation and finishing system. As an insulating material, two types of expanded polystyrene (EPS) were used, with different fire resistance properties. The study results demonstrate the importance of choosing the right technical solution in terms of fire safety and the need to apply methods to limit the vertical spread of fire.","PeriodicalId":375880,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Informatics, Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125215892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s11.51
I. Samfira, G. David, Alin Pfandl, C. Bârliba, L. Barliba
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are solutions that cover a wide range of fields, from the management of urban resources, the introduction of satellite tracking and coordination of roads routes, tourism, civil protection, logistical support in case of natural disasters, land records, management of agricultural farms and forest fund, etc. At present there are many uses of science applied in society and which provide decision support for many beneficiaries - companies, public authorities. Thus, GIS with urban applicability is unique in terms of efficiency in terms of data accuracy, security, performance and price. Our study focuses on the hypothesis of using an application that jointly manages information and at the same time streamlines internal activity to reduce dependence on specialized institutions for obtaining information because they are already available locally. The present study quantified the urban impact of the elaboration of the Local Register of Green Spaces regarding the following aspects: the management of the green spaces located on the lands belonging to the public / private domain within the locality; the degraded lands within the built-up area of the locality may be rehabilitated and redeveloped as green spaces; isolated trees planted near traffic arteries, on the lands of educational institutions, housing estates; protected trees, regardless of their health and size. In the urban management, depending on the data obtained, the following solutions were proposed: creation of databases, collection and registration of initial data that define the health of trees with specialized equipment. The end result is the elimination of the risk of accidents and the control of the health of the urban forest resource by periodic evaluation with specialized equipment. In conclusion, the urban GIS of green spaces will lead to a good management of them in order to ensure the quality of environmental factors and the health of the population.
{"title":"STUDIES ON THE URBAN IMPACT OF THE LOCAL REGISTER OF GREEN SPACES AS A GIS TYPE INFORMATION SYSTEM","authors":"I. Samfira, G. David, Alin Pfandl, C. Bârliba, L. Barliba","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s11.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s11.51","url":null,"abstract":"Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are solutions that cover a wide range of fields, from the management of urban resources, the introduction of satellite tracking and coordination of roads routes, tourism, civil protection, logistical support in case of natural disasters, land records, management of agricultural farms and forest fund, etc. At present there are many uses of science applied in society and which provide decision support for many beneficiaries - companies, public authorities. Thus, GIS with urban applicability is unique in terms of efficiency in terms of data accuracy, security, performance and price. \u0000Our study focuses on the hypothesis of using an application that jointly manages information and at the same time streamlines internal activity to reduce dependence on specialized institutions for obtaining information because they are already available locally. \u0000The present study quantified the urban impact of the elaboration of the Local Register of Green Spaces regarding the following aspects: the management of the green spaces located on the lands belonging to the public / private domain within the locality; the degraded lands within the built-up area of the locality may be rehabilitated and redeveloped as green spaces; isolated trees planted near traffic arteries, on the lands of educational institutions, housing estates; protected trees, regardless of their health and size. \u0000In the urban management, depending on the data obtained, the following solutions were proposed: creation of databases, collection and registration of initial data that define the health of trees with specialized equipment. \u0000The end result is the elimination of the risk of accidents and the control of the health of the urban forest resource by periodic evaluation with specialized equipment. In conclusion, the urban GIS of green spaces will lead to a good management of them in order to ensure the quality of environmental factors and the health of the population.","PeriodicalId":375880,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Informatics, Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125073987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s08.14
Wioleta Blaszczak Bak, C. Suchocki, M. Bednarczyk
Laser scanning can be used to acquire measurement data for Building Information Modeling (BIM). Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technology is ideal for this type of work. Having a point cloud of the measured object, dimension and model it in accordance with reality are possible. TLS gives the opportunity to obtain a big amount of observations, which on the one hand allows for an accurate depiction of the object, but on the other hand is troublesome during BIM developing. Therefore, the paper presents the methodology of preparing the TLS point cloud for BIM, taking into account the reduction of the number of observations. The reduction does not happen random, the points are examined for their usefulness and relevance during the development of BIM. The proposed methodology based on the use of the Optimum Dataset (OptD) method during reducing the size of the measurement dataset.
{"title":"DATA PROCESSING METHODOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF POINT CLOUDS OPTIMIZATION FOR BIM TECHNOLOGY","authors":"Wioleta Blaszczak Bak, C. Suchocki, M. Bednarczyk","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s08.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s08.14","url":null,"abstract":"Laser scanning can be used to acquire measurement data for Building Information Modeling (BIM). Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technology is ideal for this type of work. Having a point cloud of the measured object, dimension and model it in accordance with reality are possible. TLS gives the opportunity to obtain a big amount of observations, which on the one hand allows for an accurate depiction of the object, but on the other hand is troublesome during BIM developing. Therefore, the paper presents the methodology of preparing the TLS point cloud for BIM, taking into account the reduction of the number of observations. The reduction does not happen random, the points are examined for their usefulness and relevance during the development of BIM. The proposed methodology based on the use of the Optimum Dataset (OptD) method during reducing the size of the measurement dataset.","PeriodicalId":375880,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Informatics, Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126114732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s11.48
G. Deruyter, A. De Wulf, Joachim Vercruysse
Although originally developed for military purposes, Global Navigation Satellite Systems have become indispensable for an ever-growing range of civil and scientific applications such as cartography, cadastral and land information systems, transport systems, precision agriculture, self-driving vehicles, rescue missions, etc. The accuracy of positioning by means of GNSS, however, is affected by atmospheric distortions of the GNSS signals as well as by the characteristics of the receiver (e.g. number of channels, firmware, etc.), local external influences (e.g. reflective surfaces, obstructions, electromagnetic distortions, etc.), and the system used to correct these distortions (e.g. SBAS, RTK, RTK-network, post-processing, etc.). Hence, to predict the accuracy of the positioning, it is important to understand the degree of robustness of the system (receiver and method) in terms of the degree in which it is affected by ionospheric conditions and local external influences. For this research the system consisted of a Septentrio ALTUS NR3 GNSS receiver in combination with the Flemish RTK-network FLEPOS, Belgium. To assess the accuracy and its variations, measurements in varying external circumstances, were performed according to the of ISO 17123-8 standard during the period November 2021 - April 2022. The results show that the system is very robust for the influence of the I95 index and the location specific parameters: proximity of high voltage cables and windmills. However, the distance to the nearest reference station and the number of visible satellites can affect the precision. Further research is necessary to assess the influence of other parameters.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF THE I95-INDEX AND LOCAL PARAMETERS ON THE ACCURACY OF GNSS POSITIONING","authors":"G. Deruyter, A. De Wulf, Joachim Vercruysse","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s11.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s11.48","url":null,"abstract":"Although originally developed for military purposes, Global Navigation Satellite Systems have become indispensable for an ever-growing range of civil and scientific applications such as cartography, cadastral and land information systems, transport systems, precision agriculture, self-driving vehicles, rescue missions, etc. \u0000The accuracy of positioning by means of GNSS, however, is affected by atmospheric distortions of the GNSS signals as well as by the characteristics of the receiver (e.g. number of channels, firmware, etc.), local external influences (e.g. reflective surfaces, obstructions, electromagnetic distortions, etc.), and the system used to correct these distortions (e.g. SBAS, RTK, RTK-network, post-processing, etc.). Hence, to predict the accuracy of the positioning, it is important to understand the degree of robustness of the system (receiver and method) in terms of the degree in which it is affected by ionospheric conditions and local external influences. \u0000For this research the system consisted of a Septentrio ALTUS NR3 GNSS receiver in combination with the Flemish RTK-network FLEPOS, Belgium. \u0000To assess the accuracy and its variations, measurements in varying external circumstances, were performed according to the of ISO 17123-8 standard during the period November 2021 - April 2022. \u0000The results show that the system is very robust for the influence of the I95 index and the location specific parameters: proximity of high voltage cables and windmills. However, the distance to the nearest reference station and the number of visible satellites can affect the precision. Further research is necessary to assess the influence of other parameters.","PeriodicalId":375880,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Informatics, Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121289024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s09.27
I. Kunchev
The article presents the current state and views of the author in connection with the creation of a Geoinformation system for the territory of Bulgaria within the meaning of the Geodesy and Cartography Act. The provisions of this law on this issue are from its entry into force, i.e. since 2006 and so far, there is no officially published information on actions in this direction, except for the creation and maintenance of Web applications with information on materials and data from the Bulgarian Geocartfond and information on geographical names in Bulgaria. At the conceptual level and in accordance with the standards and technical specifications of the ISO/TC 211 - Geographic information/Geomatics, the Open Geospatial Consortium and the national legislation some important geodetic and geoinformation aspects of the issue are commented and analyzed. The major findings of the research are related to the objective need to apply a systematic approach, which should lead to relationships in which the resulting effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects, ie. to lead to synergy. According to the provisions of the Geodesy and Cartography Act, for the needs of Geodesy and Cartography a Geoinformation system must be created, which consists of: unified digital model on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria, corresponding in content and accuracy of large-scale topographic map at a scale of 1: 5000, respectively 1:10 000; geodetic and topographic databases; database of geographical names; geospatial digital models. In this aspect, the considered Geoinformation system must provide all activities related to spatial planning in all its aspects.
{"title":"GEODETIC AND GEOINFORMATION ASPECTS IN CONNECTION WITH THE CREATION OF A GEOINFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE TERRITORY OF BULGARIA","authors":"I. Kunchev","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s09.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s09.27","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the current state and views of the author in connection with the creation of a Geoinformation system for the territory of Bulgaria within the meaning of the Geodesy and Cartography Act. The provisions of this law on this issue are from its entry into force, i.e. since 2006 and so far, there is no officially published information on actions in this direction, except for the creation and maintenance of Web applications with information on materials and data from the Bulgarian Geocartfond and information on geographical names in Bulgaria. \u0000At the conceptual level and in accordance with the standards and technical specifications of the ISO/TC 211 - Geographic information/Geomatics, the Open Geospatial Consortium and the national legislation some important geodetic and geoinformation aspects of the issue are commented and analyzed. \u0000The major findings of the research are related to the objective need to apply a systematic approach, which should lead to relationships in which the resulting effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects, ie. to lead to synergy. \u0000According to the provisions of the Geodesy and Cartography Act, for the needs of Geodesy and Cartography a Geoinformation system must be created, which consists of: unified digital model on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria, corresponding in content and accuracy of large-scale topographic map at a scale of 1: 5000, respectively 1:10 000; geodetic and topographic databases; database of geographical names; geospatial digital models. In this aspect, the considered Geoinformation system must provide all activities related to spatial planning in all its aspects.","PeriodicalId":375880,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Informatics, Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124438737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s08.16
Julia Åhlén
Forest fires cause major damage to human habitats and forest ecosystems. Early detection may prevent serious consequences of fast fire spread. Although there are many smoke detection algorithms employed by various optical remote sensing systems, there is still a major misdetection of images containing fog. Fog exhibits similar visual characteristics to smoke. Furthermore, when monitoring dense forests many smoke detection algorithms would fail in robust recognition due to fog covering the trees at dawn. There have been more or less successful attempts to separate smoke from a fog in optical imagery however, these algorithms are strongly connected to a specific application area or use a semiautomatic approach. This work aims to propose a novel smoke and fog separation algorithm based on color space model calculation followed by rule-based shape analysis. In addition, the internal properties of the smoke candidate areas are examined for linear attenuation towards higher energy wavelength. Those areas are then investigated for internal shape properties such as convex hull and eccentricity. Several tests conducted on various high-resolution aerial images suggest that the system is effective in differentiating smoke and fog and thus considered to be robust in early fire detection in forest areas.
{"title":"SMOKE AND FOG CLASSIFICATION IN FOREST MONITORING USING HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION IMAGES","authors":"Julia Åhlén","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s08.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s08.16","url":null,"abstract":"Forest fires cause major damage to human habitats and forest ecosystems. Early detection may prevent serious consequences of fast fire spread. Although there are many smoke detection algorithms employed by various optical remote sensing systems, there is still a major misdetection of images containing fog. Fog exhibits similar visual characteristics to smoke. Furthermore, when monitoring dense forests many smoke detection algorithms would fail in robust recognition due to fog covering the trees at dawn. There have been more or less successful attempts to separate smoke from a fog in optical imagery however, these algorithms are strongly connected to a specific application area or use a semiautomatic approach. This work aims to propose a novel smoke and fog separation algorithm based on color space model calculation followed by rule-based shape analysis. In addition, the internal properties of the smoke candidate areas are examined for linear attenuation towards higher energy wavelength. Those areas are then investigated for internal shape properties such as convex hull and eccentricity. Several tests conducted on various high-resolution aerial images suggest that the system is effective in differentiating smoke and fog and thus considered to be robust in early fire detection in forest areas.","PeriodicalId":375880,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Informatics, Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121629675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s07.03
B. Kotková
Large European airports have now been forced to close several times due to the disruption of their protected area by drones. The biggest incident in terms of damage and restrictions clearly includes the attack of 19 and 21 December 2018 on one of the largest airports in Europe, London - Gatwick. All air traffic was interrupted, and flights were canceled and postponed. It was only a matter of time before drone technology was used by terrorist organizations and other criminals for their attacks. The article discusses the dangers that drones can cause. It describes the various basic categories of drones, their historical development, and the beginnings of the misuse of drones by terrorist organizations. The types currently used by the armed forces in the war in Ukraine are also mentioned. Furthermore, the article deals with systems that aim to eliminate this threat and which are available to companies and individuals financially. Thus, drone defense systems were selected and compared with a detailed description of their detection and destruction methods. The article concludes that a modern anti-drone defense for soft targets has already been developed and a set of recommendations for their combination and implementation follows.
{"title":"DEFENCE SYSTEMS AGAINST DRONE ATTACKS","authors":"B. Kotková","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s07.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s07.03","url":null,"abstract":"Large European airports have now been forced to close several times due to the disruption of their protected area by drones. The biggest incident in terms of damage and restrictions clearly includes the attack of 19 and 21 December 2018 on one of the largest airports in Europe, London - Gatwick. All air traffic was interrupted, and flights were canceled and postponed. It was only a matter of time before drone technology was used by terrorist organizations and other criminals for their attacks. The article discusses the dangers that drones can cause. It describes the various basic categories of drones, their historical development, and the beginnings of the misuse of drones by terrorist organizations. The types currently used by the armed forces in the war in Ukraine are also mentioned. Furthermore, the article deals with systems that aim to eliminate this threat and which are available to companies and individuals financially. Thus, drone defense systems were selected and compared with a detailed description of their detection and destruction methods. The article concludes that a modern anti-drone defense for soft targets has already been developed and a set of recommendations for their combination and implementation follows.","PeriodicalId":375880,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Informatics, Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing","volume":"53 Suppl 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115010154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s07.11
Marta Blahová
This article deals with the use of the principles of fractal geometry applicable in the field of cryptographic security of communication within information systems. The theory of the proposed solution is based on the field of iterative fractals created using the TEA (Time Escape Algorithm) algorithm. The introductory part deals with the issue of choosing a suitable category of fractals for the purpose of securing information systems. The next part deals with the issue of generation, analysis of fractal structures, which is a prerequisite for the implementation of the proposed encryption process. The outputs from the performed fractal analysis are also used for the decryption process. The methodology of testing the proposed solution against cryptanalytic methods is described here. In the final part, the individual elements of the proposed process were implemented using a programmed interface in C #. It continues by testing the resistance of the given encryption method to cryptanalytic methods. Statistical methods, analytical methods, and brute force attacks were used to investigate resilience. The acquired knowledge proved the usability of the proposed solution for the selected area of its use.aim of this research is to design a suitable design for a diagnosticdevice that will periodically monitor and record selected quantities in the device. The diagnostic equipment must be as flexible as possible, as the design will be applicable to all output electronic equipment of this project. This means that the diagnostic design can be applied to all control units, add-on modules or turnstile controllers. Each checked element contains different quantities that are valid for correct diagnostics. Therefore, there is a desire for a uniform design that can be customized based on the device. The main benefit is finding a way to secure data against unwanted retrieval of its content. The involvement of the branch of fractal geometry in the field of information security opens up new possibilities, given the different conception of fractals, in contrast to the objects of classical Euclidean or other geometry. The proposed system works with complex fractal structures, which can be described by relatively trivial equations, which allows using this system with high speed both for encoding the message and for its retrospective reconstruction. This fact opens the way to the use of the proposed system for information security even in devices with limited computing capacity. The system emphasizes resistance to cryptanalytic methods, such as brute force attack, statistical methods, or analytical methods.
{"title":"SECURING INFORMATION SYSTEMS USING FRACTAL GEOMETRY","authors":"Marta Blahová","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s07.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s07.11","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the use of the principles of fractal geometry applicable in the field of cryptographic security of communication within information systems. The theory of the proposed solution is based on the field of iterative fractals created using the TEA (Time Escape Algorithm) algorithm. The introductory part deals with the issue of choosing a suitable category of fractals for the purpose of securing information systems. The next part deals with the issue of generation, analysis of fractal structures, which is a prerequisite for the implementation of the proposed encryption process. The outputs from the performed fractal analysis are also used for the decryption process. The methodology of testing the proposed solution against cryptanalytic methods is described here. In the final part, the individual elements of the proposed process were implemented using a programmed interface in C #. It continues by testing the resistance of the given encryption method to cryptanalytic methods. Statistical methods, analytical methods, and brute force attacks were used to investigate resilience. \u0000The acquired knowledge proved the usability of the proposed solution for the selected area of its use.aim of this research is to design a suitable design for a diagnosticdevice that will periodically monitor and record selected quantities in the device. The diagnostic equipment must be as flexible as possible, as the design will be applicable to all output electronic equipment of this project. This means that the diagnostic design can be applied to all control units, add-on modules or turnstile controllers. Each checked element contains different quantities that are valid for correct diagnostics. Therefore, there is a desire for a uniform design that can be customized based on the device. The main benefit is finding a way to secure data against unwanted retrieval of its content. The involvement of the branch of fractal geometry in the field of information security opens up new possibilities, given the different conception of fractals, in contrast to the objects of classical Euclidean or other geometry. The proposed system works with complex fractal structures, which can be described by relatively trivial equations, which allows using this system with high speed both for encoding the message and for its retrospective reconstruction. This fact opens the way to the use of the proposed system for information security even in devices with limited computing capacity. The system emphasizes resistance to cryptanalytic methods, such as brute force attack, statistical methods, or analytical methods.","PeriodicalId":375880,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Informatics, Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130865594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s07.09
Sami Duraku, Emilia Todorova
Based on data from the last decade, institutions have faced an increasing number of applications for licenses and permits for raw materials, construction, industrial and metallic minerals. Receipt of applications and accompanying documents for licenses and permits is currently performed as a manual process and submitted by enterprises in hard copy format. Institutional officials consistently face with the difficulties in manually processing all data from applications and accompanying documents submitted, causing delays in their review. Many applications from companies have been waiting to be reviewed for another year, leaving the review for the next calendar year. Based on the data, over the years the number of licenses issued has always been smaller than the number of applications received for the calendar year. The purpose of this paper is to display the importance of an advanced system to automate application review processes to harmonize the number of licenses issued with the number of applications received. Facilitating procedures for the automation of actions that can be implemented through a digital system will enable institutions to make their administrative services more efficient. This spatial information system will identify and locate natural resource sites, will automate the execution of all processes from accepting applications, approving or not approving licenses and permits, necessary inspections, reporting on royalties, until the closure of mining activities, comfortable with the rules in harmony with the environment.
{"title":"MINING SECTOR DIGITALIZATION IN KOSOVO","authors":"Sami Duraku, Emilia Todorova","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s07.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s07.09","url":null,"abstract":"Based on data from the last decade, institutions have faced an increasing number of applications for licenses and permits for raw materials, construction, industrial and metallic minerals. Receipt of applications and accompanying documents for licenses and permits is currently performed as a manual process and submitted by enterprises in hard copy format. \u0000Institutional officials consistently face with the difficulties in manually processing all data from applications and accompanying documents submitted, causing delays in their review. Many applications from companies have been waiting to be reviewed for another year, leaving the review for the next calendar year. Based on the data, over the years the number of licenses issued has always been smaller than the number of applications received for the calendar year. \u0000The purpose of this paper is to display the importance of an advanced system to automate application review processes to harmonize the number of licenses issued with the number of applications received. Facilitating procedures for the automation of actions that can be implemented through a digital system will enable institutions to make their administrative services more efficient. \u0000This spatial information system will identify and locate natural resource sites, will automate the execution of all processes from accepting applications, approving or not approving licenses and permits, necessary inspections, reporting on royalties, until the closure of mining activities, comfortable with the rules in harmony with the environment.","PeriodicalId":375880,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Informatics, Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133125349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s10.41
Maria Asenova, Georgi Donchev, Evgeni Evangelov
LiDAR technology expands the possibilities for forest inventory using aerial and terrestrial scanning. A technological scheme for terrestrial personal laser scanning (PLS) has been developed in order to extract numerical tree parameters. The aim of the paper is to determine the characteristics of individual trees and average taxation indicators of forest stands via terrestrial PLS method. The PLS system includes Sensor Ouster OS1-16, mounted on a folding monopod and mini PC for control and recording of primary raw data, the base of creation of the 3D cloud of points. Google Cartographer is a system that provides simultaneous localization and 2D and 3D mapping. Cloud 3D model of the forest area was created by SLAM algorithm (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping). The result from SLAM is a 3D point cloud model in local coordinate system, which is transformed to WGS 84 (UTM 35N) coordinates via GPS data captured with LiDAR and IMU data. The 3D model is additionally processed by specialized application software Cloud Compare, LiDAR 360 and 3D Forest. An integrated algorithm is implemented through the software 3D Forest for segmentation of individual trees and determine their dendrometric parameters� height, diameter of the stem at breast height (DBH), structural data for the crown (diameter, length, height, area, volume), stem volume, and other. Study sites are forest stands on the territory of the South-Eastern Forest Enterprise (Sliven, Bulgaria). The sample plots are selected in accordance with the normative requirements for inventory and planning in forest territories of Bulgaria. The strip sampling method is based on a percentage system - limited proportion of the area is measured, on the assumption that the samples are typical of the entire stand. The obtained results for the individual trees are compared with the data from the parallel performed conventional field measurements at the sites. The differences between the measured by field methods and the PLS method tree height and stem diameter DBH of an individual trees and average data of a forest stands are within the normatively permissible limits in the forestry. Application of the PLS method combined with the SLAM algorithm provides the process of forest inventory and with the ability for fast, objective, and accurate measurement of individual trees and forest stands. The PLS method is a new reliable technological approach for 3D forest inventory and study of forest areas. Created 3D cloud models of forest stands are a qualitatively new type of objective data, which is a step towards to the future and creating of a new forestry database in Bulgaria.
{"title":"PERSONAL LASER SCANNING TECHNOLOGY FOR 3D MAPPING AND FOREST INVENTORY","authors":"Maria Asenova, Georgi Donchev, Evgeni Evangelov","doi":"10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s10.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s10.41","url":null,"abstract":"LiDAR technology expands the possibilities for forest inventory using aerial and terrestrial scanning. A technological scheme for terrestrial personal laser scanning (PLS) has been developed in order to extract numerical tree parameters. The aim of the paper is to determine the characteristics of individual trees and average taxation indicators of forest stands via terrestrial PLS method. The PLS system includes Sensor Ouster OS1-16, mounted on a folding monopod and mini PC for control and recording of primary raw data, the base of creation of the 3D cloud of points. Google Cartographer is a system that provides simultaneous localization and 2D and 3D mapping. Cloud 3D model of the forest area was created by SLAM algorithm (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping). The result from SLAM is a 3D point cloud model in local coordinate system, which is transformed to WGS 84 (UTM 35N) coordinates via GPS data captured with LiDAR and IMU data. The 3D model is additionally processed by specialized application software Cloud Compare, LiDAR 360 and 3D Forest. An integrated algorithm is implemented through the software 3D Forest for segmentation of individual trees and determine their dendrometric parameters� height, diameter of the stem at breast height (DBH), structural data for the crown (diameter, length, height, area, volume), stem volume, and other. Study sites are forest stands on the territory of the South-Eastern Forest Enterprise (Sliven, Bulgaria). The sample plots are selected in accordance with the normative requirements for inventory and planning in forest territories of Bulgaria. The strip sampling method is based on a percentage system - limited proportion of the area is measured, on the assumption that the samples are typical of the entire stand. The obtained results for the individual trees are compared with the data from the parallel performed conventional field measurements at the sites. The differences between the measured by field methods and the PLS method tree height and stem diameter DBH of an individual trees and average data of a forest stands are within the normatively permissible limits in the forestry. Application of the PLS method combined with the SLAM algorithm provides the process of forest inventory and with the ability for fast, objective, and accurate measurement of individual trees and forest stands. The PLS method is a new reliable technological approach for 3D forest inventory and study of forest areas. Created 3D cloud models of forest stands are a qualitatively new type of objective data, which is a step towards to the future and creating of a new forestry database in Bulgaria.","PeriodicalId":375880,"journal":{"name":"22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2022, Informatics, Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130177746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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