Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.15714/scandpsychol.6.e9
Jan Skjerve, Sissel Reichelt
This paper presents a method called Topic Change Process Analysis (TCPA). The authors developed this method as a means of analysing therapy transcripts which focus on topic changes related to the verbal client/therapist interaction. Analysis of four eclectic short-term therapies encompass the findings. Therapeutic interventions from different theoretical positions have been identified that include descriptions of interactions influencing topic changes. Finally, TCPA is discussed as a case study method used in therapeutic process research. Such discussion underlines that case study methods should be simple to use. Furthermore, collecting information from several cases to pick up the many variations in client behaviour, therapeutic style, interaction patterns, and adaptation of interventions to the individual client bears importance.
{"title":"Endringer i samtaleemnene i løpet av psykoterapi: En metode for prosessanalyse med funn fra fire kasusstudier [Topic changes during psychotherapy: A process analysis method with findings from four case studies]","authors":"Jan Skjerve, Sissel Reichelt","doi":"10.15714/scandpsychol.6.e9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15714/scandpsychol.6.e9","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a method called Topic Change Process Analysis (TCPA). The authors developed this method as a means of analysing therapy transcripts which focus on topic changes related to the verbal client/therapist interaction. Analysis of four eclectic short-term therapies encompass the findings. Therapeutic interventions from different theoretical positions have been identified that include descriptions of interactions influencing topic changes. Finally, TCPA is discussed as a case study method used in therapeutic process research. Such discussion underlines that case study methods should be simple to use. Furthermore, collecting information from several cases to pick up the many variations in client behaviour, therapeutic style, interaction patterns, and adaptation of interventions to the individual client bears importance.","PeriodicalId":37593,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Psychologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47603616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E8
Anne Iversen
The interplay between work and identity has frequently been explored in work and organisational research. Therein, identity has become a multi-layered concept that is used to investigate a wide variety of phenomena in work and organisational studies. Previous studies have illustrated how work and working life is a particularly appropriate context for studying identity and identity construction. This article contributes to the field by analysing a detailed case study of a system developer, using data based on qualitative work diary in conjunction with in-depth interview. This paper explores reflexive positioning in identity work by examining the strategies undertaken when available social identities are perceived as being neither attractive nor relevant. It also explores the actions taken to expand the repertoire of available social identities in the context studied. The analysis of this case suggests that it is possible to expand the social identities that are available in discourse, but that this expansion is difficult to maintain. The worker is walking a fine line to keep alternative social identities available to him. This article contributes to the research field not only by exploring the constitutive processes in identity work but also by examining the reciprocal processes between one particular individual and the context in which he is engaged.
{"title":"Reflexive positioning in identity work: When the shoe does not fit…","authors":"Anne Iversen","doi":"10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E8","url":null,"abstract":"The interplay between work and identity has frequently been explored in work and organisational research. Therein, identity has become a multi-layered concept that is used to investigate a wide variety of phenomena in work and organisational studies. Previous studies have illustrated how work and working life is a particularly appropriate context for studying identity and identity construction. This article contributes to the field by analysing a detailed case study of a system developer, using data based on qualitative work diary in conjunction with in-depth interview. This paper explores reflexive positioning in identity work by examining the strategies undertaken when available social identities are perceived as being neither attractive nor relevant. It also explores the actions taken to expand the repertoire of available social identities in the context studied. The analysis of this case suggests that it is possible to expand the social identities that are available in discourse, but that this expansion is difficult to maintain. The worker is walking a fine line to keep alternative social identities available to him. This article contributes to the research field not only by exploring the constitutive processes in identity work but also by examining the reciprocal processes between one particular individual and the context in which he is engaged.","PeriodicalId":37593,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Psychologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47762905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-29DOI: 10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E7
J. Thimm, M. Davidsen, Mie Marie Elsness, Helga Vara
The Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) is the most widely used instrument to assess the severity of prolonged grief reactions after the loss of a loved one. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Norwegian ICG by examining its reliability, factor structure, and relationships with the anxiety and depression subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Integration of Stressful Life Events Scale – Short Form, and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale. The results showed that the Norwegian ICG has high reliability ( ωt = .95). Exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors (disbelief/bitterness, detachment, yearning/hallucinations) that align with factors found in previous investigations. With regard to external validity, moderate to high correlations with symptoms of anxiety and depression, difficulties with integration of the loss, and functional impairment were found. The results support the use of the ICG in bereaved populations in Norway.»/>
{"title":"Reliability, factor structure, and validity of the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) in a general bereaved sample in Norway","authors":"J. Thimm, M. Davidsen, Mie Marie Elsness, Helga Vara","doi":"10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E7","url":null,"abstract":"The Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) is the most widely used instrument to assess the severity of prolonged grief reactions after the loss of a loved one. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Norwegian ICG by examining its reliability, factor structure, and relationships with the anxiety and depression subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Integration of Stressful Life Events Scale – Short Form, and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale. The results showed that the Norwegian ICG has high reliability ( ωt = .95). Exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors (disbelief/bitterness, detachment, yearning/hallucinations) that align with factors found in previous investigations. With regard to external validity, moderate to high correlations with symptoms of anxiety and depression, difficulties with integration of the loss, and functional impairment were found. The results support the use of the ICG in bereaved populations in Norway.»/>","PeriodicalId":37593,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Psychologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48192832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-26DOI: 10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E6
Bengt Karlsson, T. Klevan, A. Soggiu, Knut Tore Sælør, Linda Villje, Heid Svenkerud Aasgaard, Independent Practice.
This paper is a conversational autoethnography based on personal and written communication among six academics affiliated with the University of South-Eastern Norway. It explores how sharing personal stories of friendship through writing and talking can serve as a means for developing a broadened understanding of what friendship can be, at both a personal and a cultural level. Simultaneously, the paper explores how the very act of sharing such stories affects the relationship among group participants and challenges common assumptions about professional relations in academia. Through its unconventional structure and topic, the paper calls into question what counts as knowledge and opens the door to new ways of developing knowledge. It also invites readers to engage in further reflections and unfinalized stories of friendship, dialogue, and knowledge.
{"title":"«Fra kebab til intimitet» – dialogisk autoetnografisk utforsking av vennskap [From kebab to intimacy – A dialogical autoethnographic exploration of friendship]","authors":"Bengt Karlsson, T. Klevan, A. Soggiu, Knut Tore Sælør, Linda Villje, Heid Svenkerud Aasgaard, Independent Practice.","doi":"10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a conversational autoethnography based on personal and written communication among six academics affiliated with the University of South-Eastern Norway. It explores how sharing personal stories of friendship through writing and talking can serve as a means for developing a broadened understanding of what friendship can be, at both a personal and a cultural level. Simultaneously, the paper explores how the very act of sharing such stories affects the relationship among group participants and challenges common assumptions about professional relations in academia. Through its unconventional structure and topic, the paper calls into question what counts as knowledge and opens the door to new ways of developing knowledge. It also invites readers to engage in further reflections and unfinalized stories of friendship, dialogue, and knowledge.","PeriodicalId":37593,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Psychologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42313912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-19DOI: 10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E5
Ingrid Kjølberg Evensen, Emilie Orlien, Gyda Flaaten Motzfeldt, Kari Wik Ågotnes, A. Skogstad
The aim of this study was to examine laissez-faire leadership as a predictor of role ambiguity in the workplace. It also endeavoured to uncover whether occupational self-efficacy and competence uncertainty moderated this relationship. In a sample of 386 Norwegian employees who were also students at Folkeuniversitetet, laissez-faire leadership showed a significant association with role ambiguity. Hierarchical multiple regression was used in the analysis of the possible moderating effects occupational self-efficacy and competence uncertainty had on this relationship. We found a significant interaction effect of occupational self-efficacy on the relationship between laissez-faire leadership and role ambiguity. Specifically, the positive relationship between laissez-faire leadership and role ambiguity proved stronger at low levels of occupational self-efficacy. Contrary to our predictions, the analysis showed no significant interaction effect of competence uncertainty on the same relationship. Demonstrating that the relationship between laissez-faire leadership and role ambiguity can be moderated by individual characteristics asserts the need for further research on how organisations can establish measures to strengthen employees’ personal resources, in addition to preventing the occurrence of laissez-faire leadership.
{"title":"Betydningen av individuelle kjennetegn i møte med laissez-faire-ledelse [The importance of individual characteristics in the face of laissez-faire leadership]","authors":"Ingrid Kjølberg Evensen, Emilie Orlien, Gyda Flaaten Motzfeldt, Kari Wik Ågotnes, A. Skogstad","doi":"10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E5","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to examine laissez-faire leadership as a predictor of role ambiguity in the workplace. It also endeavoured to uncover whether occupational self-efficacy and competence uncertainty moderated this relationship. In a sample of 386 Norwegian employees who were also students at Folkeuniversitetet, laissez-faire leadership showed a significant association with role ambiguity. Hierarchical multiple regression was used in the analysis of the possible moderating effects occupational self-efficacy and competence uncertainty had on this relationship. We found a significant interaction effect of occupational self-efficacy on the relationship between laissez-faire leadership and role ambiguity. Specifically, the positive relationship between laissez-faire leadership and role ambiguity proved stronger at low levels of occupational self-efficacy. Contrary to our predictions, the analysis showed no significant interaction effect of competence uncertainty on the same relationship. Demonstrating that the relationship between laissez-faire leadership and role ambiguity can be moderated by individual characteristics asserts the need for further research on how organisations can establish measures to strengthen employees’ personal resources, in addition to preventing the occurrence of laissez-faire leadership.","PeriodicalId":37593,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Psychologist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41696548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-15DOI: 10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E4
A. M. Sandvoll, Terese Bjordal, Ingvild Hollekve, M. Dale
Dementia is a public healthcare priority in Norway. The aim of this study was to explore and describe users’ and professionals’ experiences of a Norwegian ambulatory psychiatric team treating older people with dementia and challenging behaviour. Patients with symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and agitation need special health care, which they rarely receive. Caring for these patients can be a burden for both relatives and nursing home staff. Little is known about the organisation of healthcare services for older persons with dementia and behavioural and psychiatric symptoms living at home or in a nursing home. The need for psychogeriatric teams that offer ambulatory services is in great demand. Such services might be particularly needed in rural districts, because the team we studied is unique in our region. This qualitative study involved interviews with relatives, ambulatory team members, and staff from four nursing homes. The analyses were inspired by systematic text condensation. Ambulatory team members developed a close relationship with patients, their relatives, and nursing home staff. This bonding made it possible to develop a tailor-made service for each patient. Staff in nursing homes wanted to be observed and to receive feedback about their daily care of patients. Relatives believed that their contributions were important and that health services needed to understand their limited resources. All informants agreed that better cooperation among healthcare levels was crucial for improving these services. More research and national guidelines are needed to determine how municipalities can best provide services for older people with dementia and psychiatric symptoms.
{"title":"Tailor-made services: Cooperation and supervision are essential for older people with dementia and challenging behaviour","authors":"A. M. Sandvoll, Terese Bjordal, Ingvild Hollekve, M. Dale","doi":"10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E4","url":null,"abstract":"Dementia is a public healthcare priority in Norway. The aim of this study was to explore and describe users’ and professionals’ experiences of a Norwegian ambulatory psychiatric team treating older people with dementia and challenging behaviour. Patients with symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and agitation need special health care, which they rarely receive. Caring for these patients can be a burden for both relatives and nursing home staff. Little is known about the organisation of healthcare services for older persons with dementia and behavioural and psychiatric symptoms living at home or in a nursing home. The need for psychogeriatric teams that offer ambulatory services is in great demand. Such services might be particularly needed in rural districts, because the team we studied is unique in our region. This qualitative study involved interviews with relatives, ambulatory team members, and staff from four nursing homes. The analyses were inspired by systematic text condensation. Ambulatory team members developed a close relationship with patients, their relatives, and nursing home staff. This bonding made it possible to develop a tailor-made service for each patient. Staff in nursing homes wanted to be observed and to receive feedback about their daily care of patients. Relatives believed that their contributions were important and that health services needed to understand their limited resources. All informants agreed that better cooperation among healthcare levels was crucial for improving these services. More research and national guidelines are needed to determine how municipalities can best provide services for older people with dementia and psychiatric symptoms.","PeriodicalId":37593,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Psychologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47528723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-14DOI: 10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E3
Regine Åbø, Kristine Rensvik Viddal, O. Ness, Eva Langvik
The period before young adult couples choose to commit is prolonged compared to a few decades ago. By applying Grounded Theory, this qualitative study explores how young adults experience contemporary romantic relationships. We interviewed 10 Norwegian students from ages 20 to 29 years. The most central finding was the informants’ experiences of becoming something more in the relationship with the partner. This self-expansion seemed to build upon two main processes: (1) Building joint identity refers to the experience that mutually exposing one’s own vulnerability enhances joint identity. Becoming adults together also promotes joint identity and illuminates how couples provide care for each other, and expands the self through facilitating joint identity. The use of internal humour is also emphasized and may be more important for the establishment of romantic relations than previously recognized. (2) Doubting the shared identity emphasize how a new transitional phase can raise questions about one’s own choices in a period where “I” is prioritized before “we”, and where the couples avoid to discuss commitment. Altogether, the findings highlight new aspects and connections between established theories, which may provide a better understanding of the present dilemmas young couple experience. Increased insight about commitment processes among young adults may have clinical relevance and implications for further theory development.
{"title":"«Jeg føler meg som en utvidet organisme» – unge voksnes opplevelse av parforholdet som mulighet og begrensning [“I feel like an extended organism” – Young adults’ experience of contemporary romantic relationships]","authors":"Regine Åbø, Kristine Rensvik Viddal, O. Ness, Eva Langvik","doi":"10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E3","url":null,"abstract":"The period before young adult couples choose to commit is prolonged compared to a few decades ago. By applying Grounded Theory, this qualitative study explores how young adults experience contemporary romantic relationships. We interviewed 10 Norwegian students from ages 20 to 29 years. The most central finding was the informants’ experiences of becoming something more in the relationship with the partner. This self-expansion seemed to build upon two main processes: (1) Building joint identity refers to the experience that mutually exposing one’s own vulnerability enhances joint identity. Becoming adults together also promotes joint identity and illuminates how couples provide care for each other, and expands the self through facilitating joint identity. The use of internal humour is also emphasized and may be more important for the establishment of romantic relations than previously recognized. (2) Doubting the shared identity emphasize how a new transitional phase can raise questions about one’s own choices in a period where “I” is prioritized before “we”, and where the couples avoid to discuss commitment. Altogether, the findings highlight new aspects and connections between established theories, which may provide a better understanding of the present dilemmas young couple experience. Increased insight about commitment processes among young adults may have clinical relevance and implications for further theory development.","PeriodicalId":37593,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Psychologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45074110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E2
Yngve Kolltveit, Lennart Lorås
Most research on couple relationships have focused on conflicts and negative aspects. The target audience for this research was married couples who describe their relationship as good. The research question was: “How do married couples who consider their relationship as good describe it as such?” Data were collected through qualitative semi-structured interviews with three heterosexual couples in Norway. Using interpretive phenomenological analysis, three themes were identified: (1) the importance of talking together; (2) creating something together; and (3) having realistic expectations of each other. The couples had clear ideas regarding what characterises a good couple relationship. The language they used appeared to play a central role in co-creating the story of good couple relationships wherein in feeling safe and having shared values are emphasised. Realistic expectations were emphasised as well; they allowed space for differences and challenges in the relationship and in life in general. Efforts to ensure that the couple relationship was healthy were described as occurring natural for the couples. Together, these characteristics comprised what the couples described as a good couple relationship.»/>
{"title":"Married couples’ descriptions of good relationships: A qualitative study","authors":"Yngve Kolltveit, Lennart Lorås","doi":"10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E2","url":null,"abstract":"Most research on couple relationships have focused on conflicts and negative aspects. The target audience for this research was married couples who describe their relationship as good. The research question was: “How do married couples who consider their relationship as good describe it as such?” Data were collected through qualitative semi-structured interviews with three heterosexual couples in Norway. Using interpretive phenomenological analysis, three themes were identified: (1) the importance of talking together; (2) creating something together; and (3) having realistic expectations of each other. The couples had clear ideas regarding what characterises a good couple relationship. The language they used appeared to play a central role in co-creating the story of good couple relationships wherein in feeling safe and having shared values are emphasised. Realistic expectations were emphasised as well; they allowed space for differences and challenges in the relationship and in life in general. Efforts to ensure that the couple relationship was healthy were described as occurring natural for the couples. Together, these characteristics comprised what the couples described as a good couple relationship.»/>","PeriodicalId":37593,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Psychologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42125964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-15DOI: 10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E1
Ellen Andvig, Knut Ivar Bjørlykhaug, J. K. Hummelvoll
Persons with ongoing substance use problems are highly represented in groups with low income, high unemployment rates, and high levels of criminal behaviour. Those who leave prison often face economic and social problems, difficult living conditions, and unemployment. One important problem is debt, which may prevent ex-prisoners from gaining an economic foothold, even when employed. The aim of this study was to examine how financial security may support ex-prisoners by creating conditions wherein they can successfully re-enter society. Data were collected through multistage focus-group interviews with seven participants and were analysed by thematic, qualitative analyses. The results revealed that participants dreamt of an ordinary life with sufficient money. They experienced a paralysing burden of debt and emphasised the importance of receiving debt support and being employed. Such support made it possible to move towards economic freedom. The findings highlight the link between a lack of money and difficult life circumstances when trying to establish a life after release from prison as well as the connection between substance use and poverty. Participants experienced increased autonomy and freedom after receiving debt assistance and they stressed the importance of regular income. This study illustrates that social support may counteract exclusion and segregation, and it elucidates the importance of both community participation and viewing oneself as part of society.
{"title":"Victims of debt after imprisonment: Experiences of Norwegians with substance use challenges","authors":"Ellen Andvig, Knut Ivar Bjørlykhaug, J. K. Hummelvoll","doi":"10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.6.E1","url":null,"abstract":"Persons with ongoing substance use problems are highly represented in groups with low income, high unemployment rates, and high levels of criminal behaviour. Those who leave prison often face economic and social problems, difficult living conditions, and unemployment. One important problem is debt, which may prevent ex-prisoners from gaining an economic foothold, even when employed. The aim of this study was to examine how financial security may support ex-prisoners by creating conditions wherein they can successfully re-enter society. Data were collected through multistage focus-group interviews with seven participants and were analysed by thematic, qualitative analyses. The results revealed that participants dreamt of an ordinary life with sufficient money. They experienced a paralysing burden of debt and emphasised the importance of receiving debt support and being employed. Such support made it possible to move towards economic freedom. The findings highlight the link between a lack of money and difficult life circumstances when trying to establish a life after release from prison as well as the connection between substance use and poverty. Participants experienced increased autonomy and freedom after receiving debt assistance and they stressed the importance of regular income. This study illustrates that social support may counteract exclusion and segregation, and it elucidates the importance of both community participation and viewing oneself as part of society.","PeriodicalId":37593,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Psychologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44543549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E15
Martin Ørnfjord
The HEXACO model of personality structure consists of six factors that have been repeatedly recovered in lexical studies across languages (Ashton, Lee, & Perugini et al., 2004; Lee & Ashton, 2008). The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the HEXACO-PI-R in a Norwegian sample. College students ( n = 484; 82% female; mean age: 24.98 years) answered the Norwegian HEXACO-PI-R and the Big Five Inventory (BFI). Alpha reliability for HEXACO-PI-R factor scales was acceptable, whereas reliability coefficients for the facet scales varied with a mean α = .63. A principal axis factor analysis with varimax rotation showed that seven meaningful latent factors could be extracted, but when six latent factors were requested, a factor loading pattern in accordance with the HEXACO model emerged. Relationships between the HEXACO factors and BFI supported the convergent validity of the inventory. The relativity independence of Honesty-Humility from the Big Fig factors was evident, with the Big Five predicting only 20% of the variance in Honesty-Humility. The results indicate that the Norwegian HEXACO-PI-R is adequate for measuring the six factors of personality but more research, preferably in heterogeneous samples, is needed to fully establish the psychometric properties of the inventory.»/>
人格结构的HEXACO模型由六个因素组成，这些因素在不同语言的词汇研究中被反复恢复（Ashton，Lee，&Perugini et al.，2004；Lee和Ashton，2008）。本研究的目的是检验挪威样本中HEXAC-PI-R的心理测量特性。大学生（n=484；82%为女性；平均年龄：24.98岁）回答了挪威HEXAC-PI-R和五大问卷（BFI）。HEXACO-PI-R因子量表的α可靠性是可接受的，而小平面量表的可靠性系数随平均α=.63而变化。方差最大旋转的主轴因子分析表明，可以提取七个有意义的潜在因子，但当要求六个潜在因子时，出现了符合HEXACO模型的因子加载模式。HEXACO因子和BFI之间的关系支持了该清单的收敛有效性。诚实-谦逊与Big Fig因素的相关性独立性很明显，五大因素仅预测诚实-谦逊方差的20%。结果表明，挪威HEXACO-PI-R足以测量人格的六个因素，但需要更多的研究，最好是在异质样本中，以充分建立清单的心理测量特性。»/>
{"title":"The Norwegian HEXACO-PI-R: Psychometric properties and relationships with the Big Five Inventory","authors":"Martin Ørnfjord","doi":"10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15714/SCANDPSYCHOL.5.E15","url":null,"abstract":"The HEXACO model of personality structure consists of six factors that have been repeatedly recovered in lexical studies across languages (Ashton, Lee, & Perugini et al., 2004; Lee & Ashton, 2008). The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the HEXACO-PI-R in a Norwegian sample. College students ( n = 484; 82% female; mean age: 24.98 years) answered the Norwegian HEXACO-PI-R and the Big Five Inventory (BFI). Alpha reliability for HEXACO-PI-R factor scales was acceptable, whereas reliability coefficients for the facet scales varied with a mean α = .63. A principal axis factor analysis with varimax rotation showed that seven meaningful latent factors could be extracted, but when six latent factors were requested, a factor loading pattern in accordance with the HEXACO model emerged. Relationships between the HEXACO factors and BFI supported the convergent validity of the inventory. The relativity independence of Honesty-Humility from the Big Fig factors was evident, with the Big Five predicting only 20% of the variance in Honesty-Humility. The results indicate that the Norwegian HEXACO-PI-R is adequate for measuring the six factors of personality but more research, preferably in heterogeneous samples, is needed to fully establish the psychometric properties of the inventory.»/>","PeriodicalId":37593,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Psychologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49336675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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