Pub Date : 2015-11-29DOI: 10.25120/QAR.18.2015.3498
Michael Morrison
Recent investigations into the role of shell mounds in late Holocene Aboriginal economies in northern Australia have focussed on one of the key constituents in mound sites: the intertidal bivalve, Tegillarca granosa (formerly Anadara granosa ). Various researchers have suggested that shell mounds were constructed during production activities that were predominantly oriented towards exploitation of estuarine or marine ecosystems, with other resources being of secondary or supplementary importance during these times. Proponents of this model concede that it requires ongoing evaluation in relation to new quantitative data on mound composition, stratigraphy and chronology from shell mound sites across a range of different environmental contexts. At Weipa, in western Cape York Peninsula, recent research has been oriented toward collecting new data necessary for investigating the role of mound sites and the production strategies associated with their formation. In this paper, the results of excavations and analysis of a series of shell mounds at Prunung (Red Beach), to the north of Weipa, are presented. These results support the view that mound construction took place in the context of production activities strategically oriented towards intertidal flats, rather than broadly-based foraging within local site catchments, or a more generalised ‘estuarine’ orientation.
{"title":"Late Holocene Aboriginal shellfish production strategies in northern Australia: Insights from Prunung (Red Beach), Weipa, Cape York Peninsula","authors":"Michael Morrison","doi":"10.25120/QAR.18.2015.3498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25120/QAR.18.2015.3498","url":null,"abstract":"Recent investigations into the role of shell mounds in late Holocene Aboriginal economies in northern Australia have focussed on one of the key constituents in mound sites: the intertidal bivalve, Tegillarca granosa (formerly Anadara granosa ). Various researchers have suggested that shell mounds were constructed during production activities that were predominantly oriented towards exploitation of estuarine or marine ecosystems, with other resources being of secondary or supplementary importance during these times. Proponents of this model concede that it requires ongoing evaluation in relation to new quantitative data on mound composition, stratigraphy and chronology from shell mound sites across a range of different environmental contexts. At Weipa, in western Cape York Peninsula, recent research has been oriented toward collecting new data necessary for investigating the role of mound sites and the production strategies associated with their formation. In this paper, the results of excavations and analysis of a series of shell mounds at Prunung (Red Beach), to the north of Weipa, are presented. These results support the view that mound construction took place in the context of production activities strategically oriented towards intertidal flats, rather than broadly-based foraging within local site catchments, or a more generalised ‘estuarine’ orientation.","PeriodicalId":37597,"journal":{"name":"Queensland Archaeological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69443459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-22DOI: 10.25120/QAR.17.2014.230
Geraldine Mate
From the 1860s mining has been a key feature of the economic landscape of Queensland. In excess of 40 investigations into historical goldfields in Queensland have been undertaken since the late 1970s, falling predominantly into two fields – historical examinations and cultural heritage surveys. This review of archaeological work on historical gold mining in Queensland examines the geographic areas investigated, the approaches used and analyses undertaken. The results presented indicate there are limitations in our current understandings and interpretations of the archaeology of historical goldfields. Studies have primarily focussed on identification of industrial heritage, rather than encompassing both industrial and domestic domains. Work predominantly comprises brief cultural heritage surveys or historical studies with supplementary reference to material remnants rather than full-scale comprehensive and systematic survey or excavation. Despite the range of investigations, there are few syntheses capitalising on the body of work undertaken and little in-depth research of people, place and behaviour is being carried out. This overview is used to suggest possible frameworks for more detailed analysis, allowing a fuller understanding of social, cultural and industrial facets of these settlements.
{"title":"Digging Deeper: The Archaeology of Gold Mining in Queensland","authors":"Geraldine Mate","doi":"10.25120/QAR.17.2014.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25120/QAR.17.2014.230","url":null,"abstract":"From the 1860s mining has been a key feature of the economic landscape of Queensland. In excess of 40 investigations into historical goldfields in Queensland have been undertaken since the late 1970s, falling predominantly into two fields – historical examinations and cultural heritage surveys. This review of archaeological work on historical gold mining in Queensland examines the geographic areas investigated, the approaches used and analyses undertaken. The results presented indicate there are limitations in our current understandings and interpretations of the archaeology of historical goldfields. Studies have primarily focussed on identification of industrial heritage, rather than encompassing both industrial and domestic domains. Work predominantly comprises brief cultural heritage surveys or historical studies with supplementary reference to material remnants rather than full-scale comprehensive and systematic survey or excavation. Despite the range of investigations, there are few syntheses capitalising on the body of work undertaken and little in-depth research of people, place and behaviour is being carried out. This overview is used to suggest possible frameworks for more detailed analysis, allowing a fuller understanding of social, cultural and industrial facets of these settlements.","PeriodicalId":37597,"journal":{"name":"Queensland Archaeological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69443388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-08DOI: 10.25120/QAR.17.2014.229
Grant W. G. Cochrane
An analysis of stone artefacts from the Arcadia Valley in south central Queensland is used to develop a core reduction sequence model for the region. During the initial construction of this model, core types are identified that reflect phases or end points in reduction trajectories. The model shows that core reduction methods employed in the Arcadia Valley during the mid-to-late Holocene included Levallois, discoidal, prismatic and burin blade core methods, along with less formal reduction strategies. In recognition of the equifinality of many reduction processes, the model has a flexible structure. Hence the prevalence of the various core reduction methods, and their relationships to each other, may be the subject of a range of hypothetical scenarios which can be tested by employing multiple lines of additional evidence. Following this procedure, it is concluded that Levallois and discoidal methods may account for close to half of the artefact assemblage, while less formal methods were also very common.
{"title":"The significance of Levallois and discoidal technology in the Arcadia Valley, south central Queensland","authors":"Grant W. G. Cochrane","doi":"10.25120/QAR.17.2014.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25120/QAR.17.2014.229","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of stone artefacts from the Arcadia Valley in south central Queensland is used to develop a core reduction sequence model for the region. During the initial construction of this model, core types are identified that reflect phases or end points in reduction trajectories. The model shows that core reduction methods employed in the Arcadia Valley during the mid-to-late Holocene included Levallois, discoidal, prismatic and burin blade core methods, along with less formal reduction strategies. In recognition of the equifinality of many reduction processes, the model has a flexible structure. Hence the prevalence of the various core reduction methods, and their relationships to each other, may be the subject of a range of hypothetical scenarios which can be tested by employing multiple lines of additional evidence. Following this procedure, it is concluded that Levallois and discoidal methods may account for close to half of the artefact assemblage, while less formal methods were also very common.","PeriodicalId":37597,"journal":{"name":"Queensland Archaeological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69443318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-01DOI: 10.25120/QAR.17.2014.231
M. J. Rowland, Sean Ulm, M. Roe
Australia's coastal zone contains a diverse range of cultural heritage places. They are, however, negatively impacted by a multitude of natural and cultural factors. Currently there are few robust site monitoring programmes that focus on identifying the causes and directions of change in the coastal zone and the impacts that these changes have on heritage places. With case studies from Queensland, we outline and evaluate a number of potential approaches to coastal monitoring. They range from localised but inexpensive combinations of anecdotal observations coupled with geoindicators, to the use of more recent and sophisticated technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) remote sensing. We also propose there is a need to establish cooperative information data sharing arrangements in Australia for coastal monitoring studies.
{"title":"Approaches to monitoring and managing Indigenous Australian coastal cultural heritage places","authors":"M. J. Rowland, Sean Ulm, M. Roe","doi":"10.25120/QAR.17.2014.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25120/QAR.17.2014.231","url":null,"abstract":"Australia's coastal zone contains a diverse range of cultural heritage places. They are, however, negatively impacted by a multitude of natural and cultural factors. Currently there are few robust site monitoring programmes that focus on identifying the causes and directions of change in the coastal zone and the impacts that these changes have on heritage places. With case studies from Queensland, we outline and evaluate a number of potential approaches to coastal monitoring. They range from localised but inexpensive combinations of anecdotal observations coupled with geoindicators, to the use of more recent and sophisticated technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) remote sensing. We also propose there is a need to establish cooperative information data sharing arrangements in Australia for coastal monitoring studies.","PeriodicalId":37597,"journal":{"name":"Queensland Archaeological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69443454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-17DOI: 10.25120/QAR.16.2013.220
H. Tomkins, D. Rosendahl, Sean Ulm
This paper outlines the methods adopted for creating a fish osteological reference collection for tropical Australasia. This collection currently contains bones from 52 fish representing 35 different species found in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. This developing collection has become a valuable resource for zooarchaeological analyses in the Queensland, Torres Strait and Papua New Guinea tropical coastal zone. Ongoing development of the collection to include specimens from a wider geographic area will further support fish bone research across the region.
{"title":"Tropical Archaeology Research Laboratory Comparative Fish Reference Collection: Developing a Resource for Identifying Marine Fish Remains in Archaeological Deposits in Tropical Australasia","authors":"H. Tomkins, D. Rosendahl, Sean Ulm","doi":"10.25120/QAR.16.2013.220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25120/QAR.16.2013.220","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines the methods adopted for creating a fish osteological reference collection for tropical Australasia. This collection currently contains bones from 52 fish representing 35 different species found in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. This developing collection has become a valuable resource for zooarchaeological analyses in the Queensland, Torres Strait and Papua New Guinea tropical coastal zone. Ongoing development of the collection to include specimens from a wider geographic area will further support fish bone research across the region.","PeriodicalId":37597,"journal":{"name":"Queensland Archaeological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69442308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-17DOI: 10.25120/QAR.16.2013.228
Mick Morrison
Recent research on shell mounds near Weipa (northeast Australia) has focussed on economic questions, particularly understanding what these sites reveal about the production strategies of Aboriginal people and possible links to broader social and environmental transformations documented in late Holocene northeastern Australia. However, in order to explore such issues it is necessary to acquire a firm understanding of mound development through reference to detailed stratigraphic, chronological and compositional data. This paper presents results of investigations into the developmental history of a range of shell matrix sites including shell scatters, non-mounded middens and mounds that occur at Bweening, to the north of Weipa. It is argued that the early stages of mound formation involved multiple small-scale (1–2m diameter) discard events in ‘clusters’ within close proximity to one another, coalescing through time to form low dome-shaped mounds. However, site development is characterised by a high degree of spatial variability in terms of where discard activities were focussed, and appears to shift in response to quite localised factors.
{"title":"From scatter to mound: A new developmental model for shell mound sites at Weipa","authors":"Mick Morrison","doi":"10.25120/QAR.16.2013.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25120/QAR.16.2013.228","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research on shell mounds near Weipa (northeast Australia) has focussed on economic questions, particularly understanding what these sites reveal about the production strategies of Aboriginal people and possible links to broader social and environmental transformations documented in late Holocene northeastern Australia. However, in order to explore such issues it is necessary to acquire a firm understanding of mound development through reference to detailed stratigraphic, chronological and compositional data. This paper presents results of investigations into the developmental history of a range of shell matrix sites including shell scatters, non-mounded middens and mounds that occur at Bweening, to the north of Weipa. It is argued that the early stages of mound formation involved multiple small-scale (1–2m diameter) discard events in ‘clusters’ within close proximity to one another, coalescing through time to form low dome-shaped mounds. However, site development is characterised by a high degree of spatial variability in terms of where discard activities were focussed, and appears to shift in response to quite localised factors.","PeriodicalId":37597,"journal":{"name":"Queensland Archaeological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69443261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-12DOI: 10.25120/QAR.16.2013.227
Carol J Lentfer, M. Felgate, R. Mills, J. Specht
Late Holocene patterns of change in occupation and use of islands along the eastern coast of Queensland have long been debated in terms of various drivers, though much of this discussion relates to regions south of Cairns, with comparatively little study of the far northern Great Barrier Reef islands. The numerous middens, stone arrangements and art sites on Lizard Island suggest long-term use by Indigenous people, but recent discoveries of pottery give tantalising glimpses of a prehistoric past that may have included a prehistoric economy involving pottery. Here we review previous archaeological surveys and studies on Lizard Island and report on new archaeological and palaeoenvironmental studies from the Site 17 midden at Freshwater Beach, with an oldest date of 3815–3571 cal BP. We identify two major changes in the archaeological and palaeoenvironmental records, one associated with more recent European influences and the other at c.2000 cal BP. Pottery from the intertidal zone is as yet undated. When dates become available the relationship between the Site 17 results reported here and the use of pottery on the island may be clarified.
昆士兰州东海岸岛屿占领和使用的晚全新世变化模式长期以来一直受到各种驱动因素的争论，尽管这些讨论大多与凯恩斯以南地区有关，而对大堡礁北部岛屿的研究相对较少。蜥蜴岛上众多的石堆、石制排列和艺术遗址表明土著居民长期使用，但最近发现的陶器让人们对史前的过去有了诱人的一瞥，可能包括与陶器有关的史前经济。在此，我们回顾了蜥蜴岛以前的考古调查和研究，并报告了淡水海滩17 midden遗址的新考古和古环境研究，最古老的日期为3815-3571 cal BP。我们确定了考古和古环境记录中的两个主要变化，一个与较近的欧洲影响有关，另一个与大约2000 cal BP有关。潮间带出土的陶器尚未确定年代。当可以获得日期时，这里报告的17号遗址结果与岛上陶器使用之间的关系可能会得到澄清。
{"title":"Human history and palaeoenvironmental change at Site 17, Freshwater Beach, Lizard Island, northeast Queensland, Australia","authors":"Carol J Lentfer, M. Felgate, R. Mills, J. Specht","doi":"10.25120/QAR.16.2013.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25120/QAR.16.2013.227","url":null,"abstract":"Late Holocene patterns of change in occupation and use of islands along the eastern coast of Queensland have long been debated in terms of various drivers, though much of this discussion relates to regions south of Cairns, with comparatively little study of the far northern Great Barrier Reef islands. The numerous middens, stone arrangements and art sites on Lizard Island suggest long-term use by Indigenous people, but recent discoveries of pottery give tantalising glimpses of a prehistoric past that may have included a prehistoric economy involving pottery. Here we review previous archaeological surveys and studies on Lizard Island and report on new archaeological and palaeoenvironmental studies from the Site 17 midden at Freshwater Beach, with an oldest date of 3815–3571 cal BP. We identify two major changes in the archaeological and palaeoenvironmental records, one associated with more recent European influences and the other at c.2000 cal BP. Pottery from the intertidal zone is as yet undated. When dates become available the relationship between the Site 17 results reported here and the use of pottery on the island may be clarified.","PeriodicalId":37597,"journal":{"name":"Queensland Archaeological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69443203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-04DOI: 10.25120/QAR.16.2013.226
Heather Burke, G. Grimwade
The first Overseas Chinese immigrants to Far North Queensland (FNQ) arrived in 1868 and within 20 years had established a wide range of settlements keyed directly into Chinese merchant supply networks. Historical archaeology on some of these sites has been carried out since the mid-1980s, but has largely been consultancy-driven, creating data that are patchy, skewed towards urban centres and often non-comparable. Such comparisons as can be drawn relating to dining and drinking behaviours, however, show assemblages dominated by traditional ceramic bowls and a high proportion of plain celadon and Four Seasons decorated wares, but an early and decided preference for European alcohols. Continued adherence to Chinese cultural preferences relating to food but not to alcohol suggests that concepts of identity and the construction of the self may have been constructed differently in each arena. While limited in depth, the archaeology of the Overseas Chinese in FNQ highlights critical gaps and provides a preliminary platform from which to identify future research directions, particularly a need to supplement impact assessment-related studies with detailed surface recording and/or carefully targeted open area excavations in order to advance knowledge beyond basic presence/absence questions.
{"title":"The historical archaeology of the Chinese in Far North Queensland","authors":"Heather Burke, G. Grimwade","doi":"10.25120/QAR.16.2013.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25120/QAR.16.2013.226","url":null,"abstract":"The first Overseas Chinese immigrants to Far North Queensland (FNQ) arrived in 1868 and within 20 years had established a wide range of settlements keyed directly into Chinese merchant supply networks. Historical archaeology on some of these sites has been carried out since the mid-1980s, but has largely been consultancy-driven, creating data that are patchy, skewed towards urban centres and often non-comparable. Such comparisons as can be drawn relating to dining and drinking behaviours, however, show assemblages dominated by traditional ceramic bowls and a high proportion of plain celadon and Four Seasons decorated wares, but an early and decided preference for European alcohols. Continued adherence to Chinese cultural preferences relating to food but not to alcohol suggests that concepts of identity and the construction of the self may have been constructed differently in each arena. While limited in depth, the archaeology of the Overseas Chinese in FNQ highlights critical gaps and provides a preliminary platform from which to identify future research directions, particularly a need to supplement impact assessment-related studies with detailed surface recording and/or carefully targeted open area excavations in order to advance knowledge beyond basic presence/absence questions.","PeriodicalId":37597,"journal":{"name":"Queensland Archaeological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69443102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-29DOI: 10.25120/QAR.16.2013.225
L. Brady, W. Delaney, R. Robins
In 1985 and 1990 a Queensland Museum research team visited the island of Ngiangu (Booby Island) to carry out investigations into the island’s Indigenous and non-Indigenous archaeology. Forming the western boundary of Kaurareg traditional country, this small rocky island is an integral part of Kaurareg identity, and is well-known in maritime archaeology circles as a haven for European mariners shipwrecked while transiting the Strait. The research team, led by the late Ron Coleman, undertook rock art recording (including European historical writing), limited archaeological excavations, geological research and collected material culture objects from numerous shoreline caves. This paper reports on the archaeological outcomes of this project and reassesses earlier interpretations of the rock art record in the context of inter-regional interaction. The results indicate that cultural markers associated with the island reflect a local Kaurareg identity, as well as broader regional interaction with neighbouring Torres Strait Islander and Cape York Aboriginal groups.
{"title":"The Queensland Museum Expedition to Ngiangu (Booby Island): rock-art, archaeology and inter-regional interaction in south-Western Torres Strait","authors":"L. Brady, W. Delaney, R. Robins","doi":"10.25120/QAR.16.2013.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25120/QAR.16.2013.225","url":null,"abstract":"In 1985 and 1990 a Queensland Museum research team visited the island of Ngiangu (Booby Island) to carry out investigations into the island’s Indigenous and non-Indigenous archaeology. Forming the western boundary of Kaurareg traditional country, this small rocky island is an integral part of Kaurareg identity, and is well-known in maritime archaeology circles as a haven for European mariners shipwrecked while transiting the Strait. The research team, led by the late Ron Coleman, undertook rock art recording (including European historical writing), limited archaeological excavations, geological research and collected material culture objects from numerous shoreline caves. This paper reports on the archaeological outcomes of this project and reassesses earlier interpretations of the rock art record in the context of inter-regional interaction. The results indicate that cultural markers associated with the island reflect a local Kaurareg identity, as well as broader regional interaction with neighbouring Torres Strait Islander and Cape York Aboriginal groups.","PeriodicalId":37597,"journal":{"name":"Queensland Archaeological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69442627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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